Blood Physiology. Rodolfo T. Rafael, M.D.,CFP

Transcription

1 Blood Physiology Rodolfo T. Rafael, M.D.,CFP July 26,

2 Blood Physiology General Consideration Plasma Cellular Elements of the Blood July 26,

3 July 26,

4 General Consideration unicellular organisms nutrition and excretion volume of the extracellular environment greatly exceeds that of the cell multicellular organisms specialized tissue July 26,

5 Unicellular Organism July 26,

6 Functions of the Blood homeostasis respiratory function nutritive function excretory function transport internal secretions helps maintain acid-base balance maintenance of water and electrolyte imbalance and in regulation of colloid and total osmotic pressure immunity to disease and protect the body against bacteria regulation of the body temperature July 26,

7 Composition of the Blood Plasma Formed Elements July 26,

8 Plasma Water Plasma proteins Blood sugar Lipids Inorganic salts Special Plasma Substances Gases July 26,

9 Water 91-92% July 26,

10 Plasma Proteins liver albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin Function maintenance of water balance Imparts a viscosity to the blood sources of antibodies blood clotting maintain acid-base balance July 26,

11 Blood Sugar glucose source of energy July 26,

12 Lipids neutral fats, cholesterol, and phospholipids supply energy or stored as fat July 26,

13 Inorganic Salts Calcium ions and the Sodium ions Salt ions (chlorides, bicarbonates, phosphates, sulfates) Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium) Calcium ions and phosphates Iodides and Iron July 26,

14 Special Plasma Substances hormones enzymes clotting elements antibodies urea uric acid creatinine July 26,

15 Gases oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen July 26,

16 Formed Elements Red Cell or Erythrocytes WBC or Leucocytes Blood Platelets or Thombocytes July 26,

17 Red Blood Cell Description Normal Values Red Cell Production Red Blood Cell Destruction Osmotic Fragility Function of Erythrocytes July 26,

18 Description biconcave discs, 2µm thick 8μm in diameter deformable (PGE 1, PGE 2 ) carry hemoglobin in circulation 1 liter- 3ml of dissolved O 2 hemoglobin can transport 70 times this amount 20 ml of O 2 = 100ml of blood non- nucleated July 26,

19 July 26,

20 July 26,

21 July 26,

22 Normal Values Men 5-6 x /L of blood Women 4-5 x /L of blood Infants 6.5 x /L of blood Hemoglobin g/L (female) g/L (male) Erythrocyte (Hct) (female) (male) July 26,

23 Red Cell Production yolk sac of the embryo few weeks liver, spleen, lymph node middle trimester bone marrow of skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum later part of pregnancy July 26,

24 Erythropoiesis Hemocytoblast basophil erythroblast polychromatophil erythroblast normoblast reticulocyte erythrocytes July 26,

25 FeedBack Control inhibited supernormal level stimulated anemia hypoxemia controlled erythropoetin July 26,

26 Hypoxemia kidney liver REF Globulin Erythropoietin Stem cells Erythrocytes July 26,

27 Red Blood Cell Destruction Life span 120 days Destruction 2.5M/sec 1% of red cells/day Spleen Mechanical and Chemical stresses friction July 26,

28 Osmotic Fragility hypertonic solution hypotonic solution isotonic solution Fragility Index % NaCL % NaCl July 26,

29 Primary Function of Erythrocytes transport hemoglobin carries oxygen carbon dioxide July 26,

30 White Blood Cell Description Classes of Leucocytes Normal Values Origin Life span Function of Leucocytes July 26,

31 Description nucleated July 26,

32 July 26,

33 Classes of Leucocytes non-granular lymphocytes monocytes granular neutrophils basophils eosinophils July 26,

34 Normal Values WBC 5-10 x 10 9 /L of blood basophils eosinophils stabs segmenters lymphocytes monocytes July 26,

35 Origin granular red bone marrow non- granular lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes, tonsils, payer s patches, spleen and thymus) July 26,

36 Life span Granulocytes two weeks Large lymphocytes 2-3 days small ones days July 26,

37 Function of Leucocytes Neutrophils phagocytic Lymphocytes non phagocytes immune reactions antibodies tissue transplant Monocytes phagocytic combating chronic infection July 26,

38 Monocytes arrive at the site of infection few organelles form these organelles small granules rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes synthesize enzymes used to digest material ingested by monocytes July 26,

39 Eosinophils phagocytic allergic reaction Antibody react with antigen inactivate it eosinophil gets rid of inactivated complex July 26,

40 Basophils heparin phagocytes July 26,

41 Blood Platelets Description Normal Values Origin Life span Functions July 26,

42 Description small colorless bodies 2-4 microns in diameter July 26,

43 Normal Values x 10 9 /L thrombocytopenia July 26,

44 Origin megakaryocytes July 26,

45 July 26,

46 Life Span 4-5 days July 26,

47 Function white thrombus or a platelet plug thromboplastin essential for blood coagulation Serotonin Helps in clot retraction July 26,

48 Platelet Aggregation occurs before clotting agglutination on platelets depend on several factors: rate of flow size of the blood vessel character of the vessel wall presence of ADP July 26,

49 A + P ADP Acts as local hormone Calcium Cause rapid platelet aggregation Platelet Adhere July 26,

50 July 26,

51 Thank You! For Not Listening July 26,