Chapter 19 Blood. Functions of blood:
|
|
- Lauren Walker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 19 Blood Functions of blood: 1. transportation functions 1. oxygen delivery 2. nutrient delivery 3. transportation of metabolic wastes (urine formation) 4. transportation of hormones (part of the immune system?) 2. regulatory functions 1. maintaining appropriate body temperature 2. maintaining normal ph of body tissues 3. maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system salts and proteins attract water into the circulatory system 3. protective functions 1. prevent fluid loss (clotting) 2. prevent infections (wbc) characteristics of blood 1. is a viscous liquid with both solid and liquid components viscosity is 5 X greater then water 2. is slightly alkaline; ph 7.35 to 7.45 venous blood is more acidic 3. temp is degrees liters of blood in a male 4-5 liter of blood in a female normovolemic hypovolemic hypervolemic Components of blood is a specialized type of connective tissue made of: formed elements plasma is connective tissue matrix 1
2 centrifugation of a blood sample 1. bottom layer of red blood cells called erythrocytes is 45% of total blood volume called the hematocrit also called the volume of packed red cells (VPRC) 2. small middle layer the buffy coat is a layer of leukocytes and platelets is less 1% of blood volume 3. top layer of plasma 55% of blood fluid layer contains ions and dissolved proteins and fats and glucose top and middle layers contain the formed elements blood plasma 1. 92% of volume is water 2. plasma proteins (less then 8%) albumin are 60% of proteins are the smallest plasma proteins important in holding in water contribute to osmotic pressure of blood carrier molecules ph buffer made in liver changes in concentration effects blood pressure and fluid balance globulins (35%) 1. transport proteins bind small ions and hormones so what be lost in kidney made by liver 2. immunoglobulins (antibodies) largest group only major plasma protein not made by liver clotting proteins (4%) mostly fibrinogen is triggered to become insoluble strands of fibrin the framework of a clot fibrinogen is made by liver if clotting proteins are removed plasma is called serum 2
3 others peptide hormones metabolic enzymes 3. others ions gases various wastes etc. formed elements erythrocytes leukocytes, and platelets most are short-lived being renewed by stem cells in bone marrow formation of formed elements formed elements are produced through the process of hemopoiesis also called hematopoiesis site of hemopoiesis blood islands in the yolk sac (at third week of development) here stem cells called hemocytoblast first form and are release to colonize the other sites within the embryo liver starts at fifth month stops production around time of birth spleen starts at fifth month stops producing red blood cells shortly after birth continues WBC production thymus produces white blood cells only (T-lymphocytes) starts about fifth month stops producing WBC as an early child red bone marrow is major site after seventh month only site in adults 3
4 hematopoietic stem cells hemocytoblast (from blood islands) 1. lymphoid stem cell lymphocytes 2. myeloid stem cell a) proerythroblast erythrocytes b) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes c) megakaryoblast platelets Types of formed elements Erythrocytes (RBC) most abundant blood cell 99.9% of formed elements 260 million RBC in a drop of hole blood 25 trillion in the adult one third of all cells in the adult body Structure of RBCs 1. size 7.8 microns in diameter 2.6 microns thick at thickest.8 microns thick at thinnest 2. biconcave discs advantages a) increases surface area 3800 square meters b) can easily change shape if necessary c) can form stacks like dinner plates called rouleaux (roo-lo) a rouleaux can pass early through capillary 3. during differentiation the red blood cells loss their organelles have no nucleus and few organelles no mitochondria so consume no oxygen for ATP production don t steal oxygen they are carrying to peripheral tissue can not synthesize proteins for repair 4
5 live 120 days 4. are bags of hemoglobin (97% of dry weight) 14 to 18 grams per 100ml of blood in male (g/dl) 12 to 16 g/dl in females functions in gas transport Hemoglobin 5. function of RBC transport of respiratory gases oxygen and carbon dioxide and ph regulation 1. hemoglobin is made up of the protein globin is actually four polypeptide chains two alpha two beta red pigment heme there are four heme groups per hemoglobin each polypeptide chain of globin has a heme each can bind to one oxygen molecule each heme contains one iron molecule have 280 million hemoglobin molecules per RBC one RBC can carry one billion O2 molecules forms of hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin is bound to O2 this form is bright red in color deoxyhemoglobin unbound this form is dark red in color carbaminohemoglobin bound to CO2 this form is dark red the fetus contains a different type of fetal hemoglobin globin contains two alpha chains and two gamma chains (no beta) has higher affinity for oxygen can steal oxygen from mother 5
6 production of erythrocytes a RBC makes a round trip in less than a minute in their 120 day life they will travel 700 miles eventually the cell membrane will rupture because there is no repair mechanism must replace 1% of the RCB each day make 3 million erythrocytes per second red blood cell formation hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) occurs in the red bone marrow events that occur during erythropoiesis 1.stem cell called proerythroblast divides forming a erythroblast 2. erythroblast produce huge # of ribosomes ribosomes produces hemoglobin (each cells has 250 million hemoglobin molecules) 3. maturing erythroblasts ejects its nucleus and is called reticulocyte reticulocyte continues to make hemoglobin from stored mrna 24 hours after reticulocytes appear they are released in to the blood where they eject other organelles and mature into erythrocytes Regulation of erythropoiesis there is a very tightly controlled balance between RBC production and destruction hormonal control erythropoiesis requires the hormone erythropoietin 1) stimulates rate of cell division of proerythroblast 2) speeds up maturation of erythroblast by stimulating hemoglobin production can increase to 30 million per second (from 3 million) normally small amounts are released from the kidneys 6
7 dietary requirements high levels are released when oxygen levels to the cells of the kidneys drop results from 1. reduced number of RBC 2. reduced availability of oxygen 3. increase tissue demands for oxygen 4. reduced lung function emphysema = polycythemia also released in response to a drop in renal blood pressure high levels of blood oxygen results in inhibition of erythropoietin release negative feedback iron for heme production vitamin C and copper mainly for globin production B12 and folic acid are required for DNA synthesis Erythrocyte death and disposal have no nucleus so lose their function quickly life span is 100 to 120 days rbcs have a protein called spectrin in the plasma membrane which makes the plasma membrane very flexible spectrin cant be replaced as cell ages so loose flexibility inflexible rbcs usually trapped in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow and destroyed by macrophages hemolysis macrophages split the cell releasing the hemoglobin heme is split off from the globin globin is broken down into amino acids most released back into circulation iron is removed from the heme and stored in liver and spleen for reuse iron is bond to a protein called apoferritin will in these tissues when released into the blood the iron is bound to transferrin 7
8 rest of heme is degraded to biliverdin has a green color gives a bruise its green color biliverdin in the macro is converted to bilirubin which is yellowish is then released into the circulation carried on albumin picked up by liver stored in gall bladder as part of bile which is secreted into intestines during a meal blockage of bile duct prevents removal from blood = jaundice leukocytes or white blood cells 1. are complete cells 2. important in defense against disease from bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, and tumor cells 3. most leukocytes are in the connective tissue proper or organs of the lymphatic system circulation leukocytes are a small fraction of total types of leukocytes: granulocytes agranulocytes granulocytes 1. neutrophils: are most common usually first at injury site so attracts others live only 10 hours in blood stream phagocytize bacteria that have been marked with antibodies or with complement after internializing the bacteria the cell produces hydrogen peroxide and supperoxice anions (O2 - ) which kill bacteria release defensins which form holes in cell walls 8
9 2. eosinophils: Attack objects coated with antibodies like bacteria protozoa and multicellular parasites Can phagocytises but normally releases toxic compounds like Nitric oxide, cytotoxic enzymes Also attracted to site of injury to limit the spread of inflammation 3. basophils: release histamines and other mediators of inflammation release heparin to prevent blood clots agranulocytes 1. lymphocytes: T cells: responsible for cell-mediated immunity B cells: responsible for humoral immunity NK cells: responsible for immune surveillance and attach cancer cells 2. monocytes: leave the blood stream and differentiate into macrophages phagocytize viral infected cells and bacteria very important in fighting chronic infection platelets 1. are fragments of a large cell called megakaryocytic is multinucleated most live in bone marrow a few in the lungs 2. survive about 10 days removed by spleen, liver and bone marrow to 40% are stored in the spleen 4. formation is regulated by hormone thrombopoietin from kidneys and liver platelet functions 9
10 transport chemicals important to the clotting process form a temporary patch in the wall of damaged blood vessels contract after clot formation has occurred hemostasis: stoppage of bleeding also establishes the framework for tissue repair three phases 1. vascular spasm phase 2. platelet phase 3. coagulation or blood clot formation 1. vascular spasm phase constriction of the blood vessels to slow blood flow and loss contraction results from 1. direct damage to smooth muscle 2. chemicals from the endothelial cells and platelets serotonin 3. relaxes from pain receptors larger the area, the stronger the spasm controls bleeding for about minutes until other mechanisms to control bleeding take over 2. platelet phase platelets are normally repelled by prostacyclin on intact endothelium platelets adhere to exposed collagen of damaged vessel triggering platelet adhesion platelets swell forming spiked processes and release granules granules contain 1) serotonin to enhance spasms 2) ADP to attract more platelets to the area 3) thromboxane A2 does both 2 and 3 lead to platelet aggregation 4) platelet thromboplastin coagulates blood 5) platelet-derived growth factor 10
11 promotes vessel repair by stimulating fibroblasts endothelial cells smooth muscle cells 6) calcium required for platelet aggregation and blood coagulation 7) Hageman factor Involved in blood clotting regulation of the platelet phase prostacyclin a prostaglandin (PGI2) produced by health endothelial cells limit the plug size inhibitory compounds from the WBC in the area circulation enzymes that breakdown ADP 3. coagulation phase (blood clotting) results in the transformation of liquid blood into a gel is a complex sequence of steps that leads to the conversion of circulating fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin involves over 30 chemical reactions four steps of coagulation step one: activate prothrombin activator (PF) present in the blood there are two ways 1. intrinsic mechanism binding of platelets to collagen fibers cause the release of Hageman factor (VII) Hageman factor (VII) through several steps activates factor X in the blood. Factor X activates prothrombin activator (PA) 2. extrinsic mechanism thromboplastin (tissue factor) released from damaged perivascular tissue. thromboplastin activates factor X in the blood. Factor X activates prothrombin activator 11
12 step two: prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin step three: thrombin catalyzes the conversation of fibrinogen to fibrin fibrin is insoluble and forms a web the web traps formed elements thus have coagulation and clot formation step four: clot retraction after forming this fibrin web around the platelets, the contractile protein complex called actomyosin contracts pulling the clot tight drawing the damaged edges of the vessel together after clot retraction platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) released from the platelets stimulates smooth muscle, fibroblast and endothelial cell growth and repair limiting clot growth and preventing inappropriate coagulation 1. dilution: swift removal of coagulation factors by the blood must reach a critical concentration for clot formation dilution in blood if not trapped in the clot 2. platelet repulsion: prostacyclin-coated endothelium prevents adhesion of platelets 3. anticoagulants: inhibition of activated clotting factors by plasma anticoagulants 1. thrombin formation is suppressed by plasma protein antithrombin 2. heparin: is released from basophils and mast cells works by inactivating thrombin and activating antithrombin clot removal (fibrinolysis) plasminogen from the plasma is incorporated in to the growing clot and is converted to plasmin by Hageman factor (VII) same Hageman factor released from the platelets during coagulation 12
13 this occurs much slower plasmin converts more plasminogen to plasmin positive feed back loop plasmin digests the fibrin strands of the clot preventing coagulation heparin activates antithrombin coumandin (warfarin) and coumarin depress the synthesis of several clotting factors they are vitamin K antagonists aspirin blocks production of thromboxane A2 platelet aggregation factor hirudin from medical leech inhibits thrombin clot -busters streptokinase or urokinase convert plasminogen to plasmin but also has nonspecific effects on other proteins plasminogen activator convert plasminogen to plasmin 13
Chapter 19 Cardiovascular System Blood: Functions. Plasma
Chapter 19 Cardiovascular System Blood: Functions 19-1 Plasma Liquid part of blood. Colloid: liquid containing suspended substances that don t settle out of solution 91% water. Remainder proteins, ions,
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy. Adapted form Martini Human Anatomy 7th ed. Chapter 20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood
Adapted form Martini Human Anatomy 7th ed. Chapter 20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Introduction The cardiovascular system functions as a system to transport numerous substances throughout the body
More informationChapter 11. Lecture and Animation Outline
Chapter 11 Lecture and Animation Outline To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off. Please Note: Once you have
More informationChapter 19 Blood Lecture Outline
Chapter 19 Blood Lecture Outline Cardiovascular system Circulatory system Blood 1. distribution 2. regulation 3. protection Characteristics: ph 7.4 38 C 4-6 L Composition: Plasma Formed elements Erythrocytes
More informationThe Cardiovascular System: Blood
C h a p t e r 11 The Cardiovascular System: Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Introduction to the Cardiovascular System A circulating transport system
More informationChapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Blood Liquid connective tissue 3 general functions 1. Transportation Gases, nutrients, hormones, waste products 2. Regulation ph, body temperature, osmotic
More informationChapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Blood
Chapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Blood I. Functions of Blood A. List and describe the seven major homeostatic functions of blood: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. II. Plasma A. Composition 1. It is a fluid consisting
More informationA. Blood is considered connective tissue. RBC. A. Blood volume and composition 1. Volume varies - average adult has 5 liters
A. Blood is considered connective tissue. RBC A. Blood volume and composition 1. Volume varies - average adult has 5 liters 2. 45% cells by volume called hematocrit (HCT) a. red blood cells (RBC) mostly
More informationBlood. Plasma. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. 1. Pale yellow fluid; forms more than half the blood volume.
11 Blood FOCUS: Blood consists of plasma and formed elements. The plasma is 91% water with dissolved or suspended molecules, including albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. The formed elements include erythrocytes,
More informationAgenda. Components of blood. Blood is Fluid Connective Tissue. Blood: General functions
Agenda Chapter 19: Blood Major functions Major Components Structure of RBCs and WBCs ABO Blood Types, and Rh Factor Lab 34.1 and Blood Typing Blood: General functions Transport of dissolved gases, nutrients,
More informationBlood = Fluid connective tissue. Formed elements in plasma.
Blood = Fluid connective tissue Formed elements in plasma. Blood Physical Characteristics Color Viscosity Volume Temperature Blood ph ph = log (1/[H+]) 7 >7
More informationBlood. The only fluid tissue in the human body Classified as a connective tissue. Living cells = formed elements Non-living matrix = plasma
Blood Blood The only fluid tissue in the human body Classified as a connective tissue Living cells = formed elements Non-living matrix = plasma Blood Physical Characteristics of Blood Color range Oxygen-rich
More informationChapter 14. Blood. Blood Volume. Blood Composition. Blood
Blood connective tissue transports vital substances maintains stability of interstitial fluid distributes heat Chapter 14 Blood Blood Cells form mostly in red bone marrow red blood cells white blood cells
More informationBranch of medicine that deals with blood, its formation and disorders is called. Three main functions of cardiovascular system are,, and.
Chapter 19 The Blood Human body must maintain a balance called. Body fluid inside the cells is called fluid; that outside is called or fluid. Two major fluid networks that help in connecting cells are
More informationBlood Outline 17.1 The functions of blood are transport, regulation, and protection (p. 636) A. Transport functions include delivery of oxygen and
Blood Outline 17.1 The functions of blood are transport, regulation, and protection (p. 636) A. Transport functions include delivery of oxygen and nutrients, transport of metabolic wastes for elimination,
More informationIntroduction and II. Blood Cells A. Introduction
Chapter 14: Blood 1. Blood is three to four times more viscous than water. Introduction and II. Blood Cells A. Introduction 2. Most blood cells form in red bone marrow. 3. Types of blood cells are red
More informationBlood. Biol 105 Lecture 14 Chapter 11
Blood Biol 105 Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Outline I. Overview of blood II. Functions of blood III. Composition of blood IV. Composition of plasma V. Composition of formed elements VI. Platelets VII. White blood
More informationChapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood
Blood Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Liquid connective tissue general functions. Transportation Gases, nutrients, hormones, waste products. Regulation ph, body temperature, osmotic pressure.
More informationFunctions of Blood. Transport. Transport. Defense. Regulation. Unit 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood
Unit 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood Functions of Blood With each beat of the heart, approximately 75 ml of blood is pumped On average, the heart beats 70 times per minute Every minute, the heart pumps
More informationBlood ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION
10 Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Blood The only fluid tissue in the human
More informationUnit 10 - Blood The only fluid tissue in the human body. c) Plasma rises to the top (55% of blood)
Unit 10 - Blood 1 I. Unit 10: Blood A. Blood 1. The only fluid tissue in the human body 2. Classified as a connective tissue 3. Components of blood a) Living cells (1) Formed elements b) Non-living matrix
More informationComposition and Functions of Blood. Text p WB 193
Chapter 10 Blood Composition and Functions of Blood Text p. 337-339 WB 193 Blood Transports everything that must be carried from one place to another. Nutrients, ions, gases, hormones, proteins Urea, waste
More informationCardiovascular System Blood
Cardiovascular System Blood William T. Budd Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Biological Complexity Medical Careers College Objectives What is blood? Review metabolism Functions
More informationChapter 19. Openstax: Chapter 18. Blood
Chapter 19 Blood Openstax: Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Learning Outcomes After completing Chapter 19, you will be able to: 1. Describe the components and major functions of blood and list the physical characteristics
More informationChapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Blood Liquid connective tissue 3 general functions 1. Transportation Gases, nutrients, hormones, waste products 2. Regulation ph, body temperature, osmotic
More informationBlood. C h a p t e r. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris
C h a p t e r 19 Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Introduction to
More informationUnit Seven Blood and Immunity
Unit Seven Blood and Immunity I. Introduction A. Definition Blood is a sticky fluid that is heavier and thicker than water. Blood is a type of, whose cells and suspended in a liquid intercellular material.
More informationChapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Blood Liquid connective tissue 1. Transportation - Gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste. 2. Regulation - ph, body temperature, and blood pressure. 3. Protection
More informationBlood ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION
10 Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Blood The only fluid tissue in the human
More informationBlood: Functions. Liquid connective tissue 3 general functions 1. Transportation. 2. Regulation. 3. Protection
Blood Elements Lecture Objectives List blood components. Classify formed elements of blood. Discuss the scientific basis of the above classification. Describe the basic structure of erythrocytes and criteria
More information4/5/17. Blood. Blood. Outline. Blood: An Overview. Functions of Blood
Outline Blood Biol 105 Chapter 11 I. Overview of blood II. Functions of blood III. Composition of blood IV. Composition of plasma V. Composition of formed elements VI. Platelets VII. White blood cells
More informationCH 11 Blood OUTLINE: Functions of Blood Composition of Blood Blood Cell Disorders Blood Types Blood Clotting Functions of Blood Transportation
1 CH 11 Blood OUTLINE: Functions of Blood Composition of Blood Blood Cell Disorders Blood Types Functions of Blood Transportation Protection Regulation ph Temperature Composition of Blood Plasma: liquid
More informationChapter 06 Lecture Outline. See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Chapter 06 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. 2012 Pearson Permission Education,
More informationBlood ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION
10 Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Blood The only fluid tissue in the human
More informationUnit 10: Blood. 2. Buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets (less than 1% of blood)
Unit 10: Blood I. Blood A. The only fluid tissue in the human body B. Classified as a connective tissue C. Components of blood 1. Living cells a. Formed elements 2. Non-living matrix a. Plasma D. If blood
More informationComposition of Blood
Blood Blood Blood serves as a vehicle for distributing body heat and for transporting nutrients, respiratory gases, and other substances throughout the body. Composition of Blood Blood is the only fluid
More informationHEMOTOLOGY. B. Helps stabilize body temperature -heats up and cools down slowly which moderates body temp
I. Body H 2 O = HEMOTOLOGY A. Variable quantities 1. sweating and urination ( ) decreases H 2 O 2. drinking H 2 O increases B. Water is found in two compartments 1. contains 2/3 of all water in your body
More informationOverview: Blood Composition and Function
Chapter 17: Blood Overview: Blood Composition and Function Overview: Blood Composition and Function Formed elements 45% of whole blood Blood cells and cell fragments Erythrocytes Red blood cells (99.9%)
More informationStudy of Blood. 7/3/02 Mr. Davenport 1
Study of Blood Copyright 1999, Stephen G. Davenport, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form without prior written permission. 7/3/02 Mr.
More informationG. Types of White Blood Cells
1. White blood cells are also called leukocytes. G. Types of White Blood Cells 2. White blood cells function to protect against diseases. 3. Two hormones that stimulate white blood cell production are
More informationBlood ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION
10 Blood PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Blood The only fluid tissue in the human
More informationTopics of this lecture : RBC. Structural characteristics Hemoglobin Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes destruction
Topics of this lecture : RBC Structural characteristics Hemoglobin Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes destruction Structural characteristics Its small size and biconcave shape provides more surface area than
More informationBlood. BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues. Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 11 Blood Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii Honolulu Community
More informationBlood Physiology. Rodolfo T. Rafael, M.D.,CFP
Blood Physiology Rodolfo T. Rafael, M.D.,CFP http://clinical-updates.blogspot.com rtrafaelmd@gmail.com +639212147558 July 26, 2006 1 Blood Physiology General Consideration Plasma Cellular Elements of the
More informationHematology. The Study of blood
Hematology The Study of blood Average adult = 8-10 pints of blood Composition: PLASMA liquid portion of blood without cellular components Serum plasma after a blood clot is formed Cellular elements are
More informationAn Introduction to Blood and the Cardiovascular System
An Introduction to Blood and the Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System consists of: A pump (the heart) A conducting system (blood vessels) A fluid medium (blood) Is specialized fluid of connective
More informationEssentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 10 Blood. Multiple Choice
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 10 Blood Multiple Choice 1) The matrix of blood is called: A) buffy coat B) plasma C) erythrocytes D) lymphocytes E) formed elements Diff: 1 Page
More informationtemperature 38 o C (100.4 o F) The temperature of blood is slightly higher than the normal body temperature of 37 o C (98.6 o F).
1 Chapter 1 Blood Definition -Blood is a type of connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by a fluid extracellular matrix. -Blood, blood vessels, and the heart collectively form the cardiovascular
More informationAverage adult = 8-10 pints of blood. Functions:
Average adult = 8-10 pints of blood Functions: Transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones Aids in distribution of heat Regulates acid-base balance Helps protect against infection
More informationPage 1 of 6 THROMBOCYTES
Page 1 of 6 THROMBOCYTES Platelets are not cells in the strict sense. About one-fourth the diameter of a lymphocyte, they are cytoplasmic fragments of extraordinarily large cells (up to 60 µm in diameter)
More informationHematocrit. Hematocrit = using a centrifuge to separate out the parts of blood. Plasma Formed elements:
Blood Notes Hematocrit Hematocrit = using a centrifuge to separate out the parts of blood Plasma Formed elements: Buffy Coat = Leukocytes and Platelets Erythrocytes General Facts Blood ph = 7.4 Volume
More informationWhat is the composition of blood, including blood cells? What organs and structures control the flow of blood throughout the body?
3 Chapter 10: Circulatory System and Lymphatic System In this chapter, you will learn about the structure and function of the circulatory system and lymphatic system. What is the composition of blood,
More informationChapter 19. Hemostasis
Chapter 19 Hemostasis Hemostasis Hemostasis is the cessation of bleeding stopping potentially fatal leaks important in small blood vessels not effective in hemorrhage excessive bleeding from large blood
More informationBlood. Physical Characteristics and Volume. Components of Blood
Blood Functions include Transport Delivering O 2 and nutrients Transporting metabolic wastes (like CO 2 ) and water Transporting hormones Regulation Maintaining body temperature fluid warmed in one area
More informationBiol Chapter 17 Cardiovascular & Blood
Collin County Community College Biol. 2402 Chapter 17 Cardiovascular & Blood 1 CVS and Public Health 2 1 CVS and Public Health 3 Cardio Vascular System 4 2 Cardio Vascular System: BLOOD Functions of Blood
More informationBlood Lecture Test Questions Set 2 Summer 2012
Blood Lecture Test Questions Set 2 Summer 2012 1. Leukocytes are attracted to a site of injury or disease by: a. diapedesis b. chemotaxis c. leukocytosis d. heparin e. leukomotosis 2. Leukocytes leave
More informationBlood ---Ch 14. Whole blood consists of a plasma and cellular component.
Blood ---Ch 14 Circulating blood provides a vital function for survival: transports hormones to their destination, waste products to the kidneys for removal and transports ions / chemicals to various parts
More informationBLOOD. Dr. Vedat Evren
BLOOD Dr. Vedat Evren Blood Liquid suspension of formed elements Blood = Blood cells + plasma Plasma = Coagulation factors + serum Cells = Erythrocytes + Leukocytes + Thrombocytes 8 % of the total body
More informationThe Main Constituents of Blood
The Main Constituents of Blood Described as a fluid connective tissue, blood is comprised of approximately 55% plasma (a yellow-ish but transparent fluid) and 45% cellular volume (erythrocytes (red cells),
More informationThe fluid medium (blood) is a highly specialized connective tissue that consists of various blood cells (formed elements) suspended in a fluid matrix
Blood In Detail The fluid medium (blood) is a highly specialized connective tissue that consists of various blood cells (formed elements) suspended in a fluid matrix (blood plasma). The formed elements
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Functions and Properties of Blood Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by
More informationChapter 19. Blood. Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 19 Blood Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington An Introduction to Blood and the Cardiovascular System Learning Outcomes 19-1 Describe the components and major
More informationBlood and Defense. Chapter 11
Blood and Defense Chapter 11 Functions of Blood 1. Carry nutrients from the small intestine and oxygen from the lung to tissues in the body 2. Transport wastes from tissues to the kidneys and carbon dioxide
More informationBLOOD RUNS THROUGH YOUR BODY
BLOOD RUNS THROUGH YOUR BODY WORKSHEET A Your heart and blood vessels make up your blood system. At the centre of your blood system is your heart. Its job is to pump the blood around your body. The rest
More informationThe % of blood consisting of packed RBCs is known as the hematocrit. Blood s color ranges from scarlet (oxygen-rich) to dark red (oxygen poor).
Biology Blood Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of cells suspended in a liquid fibrous matrix. The cells are called formed elements and the liquid matrix is known as plasma. The formed elements
More information!!!!!Blood ---Ch 14. Whole blood consists of a plasma and cellular component.
!!!!!Blood ---Ch 14 Circulating blood provides a vital function for survival: transports hormones to their destination, waste products to the kidneys for removal and transports ions / chemicals to various
More informationFunctions of Blood. 1. Transportation 2. Protection against invasion 3. Blood clotting 4. Regulation. Blood: Functions Blood clotting
Outline Blood Biol 105 Lecture Packet 13 Chapter 11 I. Overview of blood II. Functions of blood III. Composition of blood IV. Composition of plasma V. Composition of formed elements VI. Platelets VII.
More informationDEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, ONDO DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY LECTURER: MR A.O. AKINOLA OBJECTIVES Leukopoiesis Thrombopoiesis Leukopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis White blood
More informationI. Concepts: Fill in the following sections with information from the text and lecture.
Name: Period: 10 Blood Study Guide I. Concepts: Fill in the following sections with information from the text and lecture. 1. Composition and Function of Blood: 2. Hematopoiesis: 1 Miss School, Miss Out
More informationWhat are the functions of blood?
What are the functions of blood? Transportation: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, nitrogen from amino acids and hormones, lipoproteins HDL and LDL Hemoglobin carries oxygen and CO2, (CO poisoning)
More informationChapter 19(1) An Introduction to the Circulatory System and Blood
Chapter 19(1) An Introduction to the Circulatory System and Blood Circulatory System VS Cardiovascular System circulatory system = heart, blood vessels and blood cardiovascular system = heart and blood
More informationPHLEBOTOMIST. person trained to draw blood from a patient for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research.
BLOOD PHLEBOTOMIST person trained to draw blood from a patient for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body Hematophobia
More informationBlood Lecture Outline : Fluid Connective Tissue Part I of the Cardiovascular Unit
Blood Lecture Outline : Fluid Connective Tissue Part I of the Cardiovascular Unit General Characteristics: Extracellular matrix ph Volume Functions of the blood: 1. Transport 2. Regulation 3. Protection
More information6. Fill in the following as you describe the details of Erythrocytes:
1 Key to Blood Power Quiz 1. The physical characteristics of blood include the following: Blood color depends on oxygen content, bright red is rich whereas dark red is poor. Blood is times more viscous
More informationUnit 6: Circulatory System. 6.1 Blood
Unit 6: Circulatory System 6.1 Blood Blood Function Function Nutritive Respiratory Excretory Regulatory Protective Effects on Body Transporting nutrient molecules (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and
More informationBlood consists of red and white blood cells suspended in plasma Blood is about 55% plasma and 45% cellular elements Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved
Bio 100 Guide 21 Blood consists of red and white blood cells suspended in plasma Blood is about 55% plasma and 45% cellular elements Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved inorganic ions, proteins, nutrients,
More informationTOO MUCH TIME. Cell. Cell. Transport System of the Body: O 2 / Energy. Nutrients Waste O 2 CO 2. Source. External environment: Sink.
Transport System of the Body: 100 m 1 s 1 mm 100 s 1 cm 10000 s distance = time 2 O 2 / Energy O 2 CO 2 Nutrients Waste Source Cell TOO MUCH TIME External environment: CO 2 / Waste Sink O 2 / Nutrients
More informationfive lineages of stem cells producing all of the various formed elements.
Chapter 6 Blood Tissue 6.1. Basic Composition of Blood Blood is a connective tissue composed of free cells in a fluid matrix. Unlike other types of connective tissues, blood lacks fibers except during
More informationChapter 19(1) An Introduction to the Circulatory System and Blood
Chapter 19(1) An Introduction to the Circulatory System and Blood Circulatory System circulatory system = heart, blood vessels and blood cardiovascular system = heart and blood vessels hematology = the
More informationBLOOD & CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Prepared by Mr.Yeung
BLOOD & CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Prepared by Mr.Yeung CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Overview Every cell in a living organism must have direct access to its nutrient supply Single celled organisms rely on simple diffusion
More informationThis slide belongs to iron lecture and it is to clarify the iron cycle in the body and the effect of hypoxia on erythropoitein secretion
This slide belongs to iron lecture and it is to clarify the iron cycle in the body and the effect of hypoxia on erythropoitein secretion Topics of today lectures: Hemostasis Meaning of hemostasis Mechanisms
More informationBlood Composi2on 17 A. Blood Composi2on 3/23/15. : a fluid connec2ve 2ssue composed of. Blood
Blood Composi2on 17 A Blood : a fluid connec2ve 2ssue composed of Plasma Formed elements Erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs) Leukocytes (white blood cells, or WBCs) Platelets Blood Composi2on Percent
More informationBlood Composi2on 17 A. Blood Composi2on. Func2ons of Blood 3/23/15. Physical Characteris2cs and Volume. : a fluid connec2ve 2ssue composed of.
Blood Composi2on 17 A Blood : a fluid connec2ve 2ssue composed of Plasma Formed elements (red blood cells, or RBCs) Leukocytes (white blood cells, or WBCs) Platelets Blood Composi2on Percent of blood volume
More informationTOO MUCH TIME. Cardiovascular System: Blood. Cell. Cell. Transport System of the Body: O 2 / Energy. Nutrients Waste O 2 CO 2.
Transport System of the Body: 100 m 1 s 1 mm 100 s 1 cm 10000 s distance = time 2 O 2 / Energy O 2 CO 2 Nutrients Waste Source Cell TOO MUCH TIME External environment: CO 2 / Waste Sink O 2 / Nutrients
More informationThe only fluid tissue in the human body Classified as a connective tissue Living cells = formed elements Non-living matrix = plasma
The only fluid tissue in the human body Classified as a connective tissue Living cells = formed elements Non-living matrix = plasma Color range Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red Oxygen-poor blood is dull
More informationLifeblood Lab Activity
History of Blood: It is the universal symbol of horror, of death, yet it is the one thing that keeps you living. It is the blood that is coursing through your veins. But, what do you really know about
More informationEssentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Marieb) Chapter 10 Blood Multiple Choice Part I Questions
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Marieb) Chapter 10 Blood 10.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions Using Figure 10.1, identify the following: 1) The neutrophil is indicated by. A) Label A
More informationBlood & Blood Formation
Module IB Blood & Blood Formation Histology and Embryology Martin Špaček, MD (m.spacek@centrum.cz) http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/histologie Approximately 7% of a person's weight is blood (about 5 L) Blood consists
More informationChapter 21 Outline. General Composition and Functions of Blood Blood Plasma Formed Elements in the Blood Hemopoiesis: Production of Formed Elements
Chapter 21 Outline General Composition and Functions of Blood Blood Plasma Formed Elements in the Blood Hemopoiesis: Production of Formed Elements Introduction Blood serves many functions. Some examples
More informationCapillary Action and Blood Components. Biology 20 Unit D: Body Systems Circulation
Capillary Action and Blood Components Biology 20 Unit D: Body Systems Circulation 1 Remember. Capillaries are so small that blood cells can only pass through single file Important because they are the
More informationWHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPRISE A
HEMATOLOGY QUESTION REVIEW WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPRISE A LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF VESSELS AS BLOOD EXITS THE HEART? a. capillaries; arteries; veins b. veins; capillaries; arteries c. arteries; capillaries;
More informationThe Cardiovascular System: The Blood, Heart, & Blood Vessels
The Cardiovascular System: The Blood, Heart, & Blood Vessels Fluids of the Body Cells of the body are serviced by 2 fluids 1. Blood a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by a liquid
More informationBIOL 2458 CHAPTER 19 Part 1 SI 1. List the types of extracellular fluids. 2. Intracellular fluid makes up of the body fluids. Where is it found?
BIOL 2458 CHAPTER 19 Part 1 SI 1 1. Extracellular fluid makes up of the body fluids. List the types of extracellular fluids. 2. Intracellular fluid makes up of the body fluids. Where is it found? 3. In
More informationPhysiology of. The Blood hemostasis. By prof. Israa f. jaafar
Physiology of The Blood hemostasis By prof. Israa f. jaafar Learning objectives Understand the Platelet structure and function Explane the Platelet production Understand the phases of hemostasis: vascular
More informationBLOOD. EEI n: t.ee# Required Name : Due : April 12,2018 COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD. Beginningof Class
t.ee# Required Name : Due : April 12,2018 Beginningof Class BLOOD Blood, the "life fluid" that courses through the body's blood vessels, provides the means by which the body's cells receive vital nutrients
More informationBlood WHOLE BLOOD. Circulatory System. Functions of Blood. Blood. Melissa Gonzales McNeal 1. Circulatory System. Cardiovascular system
Blood The Circulatory System 1 Circulatory System Circulatory System Blood Heart Blood Vessels Cardiovascular system Blood vessels Heart Hematology: the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders
More informationBlood. Blood Composition Plasma Red blood cells -RBCs White Blood Cells- WBCs (leucocytes) Blood Platelets PLT (thrombocytes)
Blood Blood Composition Plasma Red blood cells -RBCs White Blood Cells- WBCs (leucocytes) Blood Platelets PLT (thrombocytes) Functions of the blood 1. Respiration - transport of oxygen from the lungs to
More informationAnatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology For The First Class 2 nd Semester Thrombocytes = Platelets Thrombocytes = Platelets Blood platelets are non-nucleated disc like cell fragments 2-4 µm in diameter. Platelets are not
More informationThe Circulatory System. Blood and Blood Pressure
The Circulatory System Blood and Blood Pressure Blood Total volume = 8-9% of body mass Average person = 5 L of blood DYK? Blood is actually a tissue! Plasma: - water, proteins, salts, gases, nutrients,
More information