Put Lab Notebook in box based on your lab time. Thanks!! BI 121 Lecture 7
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1 BI 121 Lecture 7 Put Lab Notebook in box based on your lab time. Thanks!! I. Announcements Exam I one week from today, Oct 23 rd! Discussion+Review, Sunday Oct 21 st, 6-7:30 pm, here! Q? II. Gastrointestinal Physiology DC Mod 3 pp 17-23, LS ch 15+ A. Central-linking themes: hydrolysis, polymer to monomer B. GI = Doughnut? Secretions: What? Where? Why? LS p 438 C. Control + Organ-by-organ review LS tab 15-1 pp D. Zymogen? = Inactive precursor LS fig 15-9 p E. Accessory organs? Pancreas, Liver, Recycling! pp F. Small intestine? Ulcers? LS fig 15-20,15-22 pp Beyond the Basics LS p 456 G. Large intestine? LS fig pp III.Cardiovascular System DC Mod 4, LS ch 9, Torstar, G&H+ A. Circulatory vs. Cardiovascular (CV)? CV vs. Lymphatic CV Pulmonary & Systemic circuits DC pp23-31+ls p229+ DC fig 4-1 p 24, LS fig 9-2b p 231 B. Arteries, capillaries, veins, varicosities? G&H, Torstar, DC C. layers, box, chambers, valves, inlets, outlets LS fig 9-4 p 233, fig 9-2a p 231; DC pp 23-6 D. Normal vs. abnormal blood flow thru & CVS LS, Fox+
2 Central-linking theme!! Polymer to Monomer (Many to One) Carbohydrate Glucose Protein + Fat Amino Acids Fatty Acids + Glycerol
3 GI-Doughnut Analogy GI Lumen Body Me?
4 Common Control Mechanisms 1. Local (autoregulation) 2. Nervous (rapidly-acting) 3. Hormonal (slower-acting/ reinforcing)
5 LS 2012 fig 15-2 p 442 Longitudinal Shortens L Circular d or Width
6 Myenteric motor plexus! Serosa cf: G&H fig 62-2 Epithelium Submucosa Lumen Lamina Propria Muscularis Externa Glands Meissner s sensory & secretory plexus! Circular Muscle Longitudinal Muscle H Howard 1990
7 Gut Secretions Secretion Release Site 1. Mucus into GI Lumen 2. Enzymes into GI Lumen 3. H 2 O, acids, bases+ into GI Lumen 4. Hormones into Blood
8 1. Mouth Ingestion entry way salivary gland secretion mucus + enzymes enzymatic digestion: carbohydrate mastication = chewing deglutition = swallowing 4. Liver-Gall Bladder Emulsification = detergent action of bile + secretion 6.Small Intestine Absorption Secretion mucus + enzymes enzymatic digestion: carbohydrate, fat, protein Peristalsis 7.Large Intestine Dehydration secretion + absorption storage + peristalsis 2. Esophagus Rapid transit peristalsis secretion mucus 3.Stomach Mixing peristalsis secretion mucus + HCl + enzymes enzymatic digestion: protein + butter fat! 5.Pancreas Secretion mucus + NaHCO 3 + enzymes enzymatic digestion: carbohydrate, fat, protein
9 Where does enzymatic digestion of protein begin?
10 LS 2012 p 447
11 Zymogen= an inactive precursor LS 2012 fig 15-9 p 452
12 Why is the pancreas so unique?
13 LS 2012 fig p 457 Endocrine + Exocrine functions; Makes enzymes for digesting all 3 energy nutrients!
14 What are other accessory organs of digestion, that is, off-shoots of the primary tube?
15 DC 2003
16 What is the major function of the small intestine? Absorption!!
17 LS 2012 fig p 467
18 LS 2012 fig 15-22a p 468
19 Why Do Some People Have Trouble Digesting Milk? Ability to digest milk carbohydrates varies Lactase Made by small intestine Symptoms of intolerance Gas, diarrhea, pain, nausea? Milk allergy? Nutritional consequences Milk tolerance and strategies
20
21
22 Ulcer Facts Most ulcers are caused by an infection, not spicy food, acid or stress. The most common ulcer symptom is burning pain in the stomach. Your doctor can test you for H. pylori infection. Antibiotics are the new cure for ulcers. Eliminating H. pylori infections with antibiotics means that your ulcer can be cured for good.
23
24 Time-out for Questions! + Brief Break!
25 Cardiovascular (CV) = Heart + Vessels + Blood! + +
26 NB: Figure-8 loop Pulmonary 8 Systemic D Chiras 2013 fig 4-1b
27 Dual Pump Action & Parallel Circulation LS 2012 fig 9-2b p 231
28 Lymphatic System 1. Lymph Nodes 2. Vessels 3. Lymph + No pump! + DC 2003
29 Lymphatic System Alternative System of Circulation or Drainage System Lymph Vessels Veins
30 Lymphatic System Blockage in Elephantiasis from Mosquito-borne Parasitic Filaria Worm LS 2012 fig p 283
31 Lymphatics collect runoff & are parallel to venules/small veins! Lymphatic Vessel Torstar Books 1984
32 Torstar Books 1984
33 Microcirculation Exchange: 10 Billion Capillaries! No cell > μ away from a capillary! Like having bus every other block! 1 Capillary Guyton & Hall 2011 fig 1-2
34 Harvey Experiments: 1-way system of venous valves! Torstar Books 1984
35 Skeletal Muscle Pump LS 2006
36 DC 2003
37
38 EPI MYO PERI ENDO Torstar Books 1984
39 Human = 4-chambered box? 2 separate pumps? R L Upper = Atria RA LA Primer Pumps Lower = Ventricles RV LV Power Pumps Pulmonary Systemic
40 RA LA RV LV Torstar Books 1984
41 LS 2012 fig 9-4a p 233
42 Heart Valves Ensure Unidirectional Blood Flow! Mom's valve! Valves must be normal & healthy to work well! LS 2012 p 233
43 Human = 4 unique valves? 2 valve sets? Semilunar = Half-moon shaped 1. Pulmonic/Pulmonary 2. Aortic AV = Atrioventricular 3. R AV = Tricuspid 4. L AV = Mitral/Bicuspid
44 Heart Valve Orientation & Scaffolding Torstar Books 1984
45 Guyton & Hall
46 Torstar Books 1984
47 Torstar Books 1984
48 Torstar Books 1984
49 Veins Atria Ventricles Arteries LS2007
50 SI Fox 2009 fig p 419
51 SI Fox 2009 fig p 420 Patent or still open!
52 Heart Valve Orientation & Scaffolding Torstar Books 1984
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