Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera

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1 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera Abstract 1 Vijay Garishela, 2 Swapna Jerupothula Dept.Of Humanities & Science, Sri Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sheriguda (Vill), Ibrahimpatnam (Mandal), Ranga Reddy (Dist), Hyderabad, Telangana, India. garishelavijay@gmail.com, swapnasree.j@gmail.com. The chemical composition of Aloe vera grows in the town of San Andrés de Pica, an oasis of warm waters and typical fruits, located in the province of Tamarugal, in the northern region of Chile of Tarapacá. The chemical characterization was performed using liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to PDA and high resolution mass spectrometry (HESI-Q- Orbitrap -MS) in four different parts of Aloe plants (skin, flowers, gel and roots ). 25 phenolic compounds were identified, including cinnamic acids and other derivatives (eg, caffeic and chlorogenic acids), chromones (eg, haloesin and isoalohexin D), anthracene compounds and derivatives (eg Aloin A / B and emodin), and several C-flavonoids (eg, orientine and isovitexin), among others. The total antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of peels, flowers, gels and roots was measured as the capture of the DPPH and ABTS + radicals, while the iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was measured by spectroscopic methods. The peel has the highest antioxidant activity with values of 2.43 mm ET / g MF (DPPH ), 34.3 mm ET / g MF (ABTS +) and 3.82 mm ET / g MF (FRAP). According to our results, peel is the best part of the plant for the production of nutraceutical or cosmetic products for its largest number of bioactive compounds. This is a new and innovative discovery since the only part used in traditional medicine is Aloe gel, and the peel is generally considered as waste and discarded. 1. Introduction In the Tarapacá region (I region, northern Chile), a remote part of the Native place, there is a small town and an oasis called San José de Pica. Pica has lush vegetation and lush agriculture due to the underground springs that emerge in the middle of the desert [1]. This desert is one of the most arid places on Earth in extreme environmental conditions. These variable abiotic conditions, such as seasonal fluctuations in the composition of chemical and physical water (for example, nutrients, temperature and salinity), are difficult for biota and influence species assembly and ecosystem stability [ 2]. The different secondary metabolites produced by plants are influenced by environmental conditions such as extreme light, water, soil, chemicals, temperature and geographical variations [3]. Environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, water availability, type and soil composition, inter alia, have a substantial influence on the quality and Page No:5980

2 productivity of medicinal plants. Plants of the same species that occur in environments with different conditions may differ significantly in their content of secondary metabolites [4]. Furthermore, the chemical composition of any plant depends on the local geographic condition, the type of soil and its composition. For example, it has been reported that the chemical composition and yield of the essential oil of Mentha piperita var., Grown in various agroecological locations in Egypt, vary significantly depending on the climatic conditions. Plants that grow at high temperatures have shown high content of menthol / menthol and a high antioxidant activity that could be attributed to their high number of phenolic compounds and flavonoids compared to other locations [5]. Moreover, the chemical composition of any plant depends on the local geographic condition, the type of soil and the aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a native species of South Africa, which has been widely spread in the European continent from where it spread in almost the whole world [6]. This plant is also widespread in South America [6, 7], where it is known for its therapeutic effects. A. vera has been studied for its clinical efficacy against a great variety of skin disorders and disorders [8], for example, wounds and burns [6,], for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, healing and antibacterial effect ; these actions are biologically attributed to its chemical components. The part of the plant that has been routinely used for therapeutic purposes is the gel [6, ].a composition. For example, it has been reported that the chemical composition and yield of the essential oil of Mentha piperita var., Grown in various agroecological locations in Egypt, vary significantly depending on the climatic conditions. Plants that grow at high temperatures have shown high content of menthol / menthol and a high antioxidant activity that could be attributed to their high number of phenolic compounds and flavonoids compared to other locations [5]. 2.Detailed Study Traditionally, A. vera gel has been used both externally for the treatment of wounds, small burns and skin irritations, and internally in different formats to treat constipation, coughs, ulcers, diabetes and headaches, among others. As far as the chemical composition is concerned, A. vera gel consists mainly of water (> 98%) and polysaccharides, including pectins, cellulose, hemicellulose, glucomannan and acemannan, the latter considered as the main functional component of A gel. true, formed by a long chain of acetylated mannose. The aloe latex, also known as aloe juice, is a bitter yellow exudate of the pericyclic tubules in the outer skin of the leaf. The main active component of Aloe juice are hydroxyanthracene derivatives, which represent between 15 and 40% of the total components, and among these there are the anthraquinone glycosides aloin A and B (also called barbaloin) together with Alodina. A. vera flowers have received little attention, although there are studies that suggest the use of these flowers for phytotherapeutic purposes, due to the presence of numerous phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, among others. Page No:5981

3 The mannose-6 phosphate compound, which is a constituent of A. vera gel sugar, has also been shown to have healing properties of the wounds. Furthermore, some glycoproteins present in A. veragel have antitumor and anti-ulcer effects and may increase the proliferation of normal human epithelial cells. In the case of the root, some phenolic compounds have also been identified, in particular naphthoquinones and anthraquinones. It is known that the types and levels of chemical components present in plants may vary according to the geographic origin or variety; although there are some chemical characterization studies of A. vera from other countries, we have not been able to find reports on the chemical composition of A. vera from the Chilean region of Tarapaca. In Chile, studies conducted on A. vera have been poor, focusing mainly on breeding conditions, the effect of high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) on rheological properties, the effect of HHP on functional properties and the characteristics of quality of Aloe gel, and microbiological stabilization of A. vera gel using HHP treatment. In addition, other studies have also been published on the influence of temperature on drying kinetics, on the physico-chemical properties and on the antioxidant capacity of Aloe gel, plus the effect of temperature in structural properties ; however, studies covering the chemical composition of A. vera that grows in extreme climatic conditions such as that growing in the Tarapacá region have never been reported. Several studies have shown that climatic conditions induce plants to develop metabolites that help in their survival; therefore, species that grows in extreme conditions, such as the Native place, can develop interesting metabolites to study. In this scenario, the use of state-of-the-art tools such as metabolic mass fingerprinting can help to study the metabolomic processes in extreme systems such as the one occurring between the "biodiversity of the Native place". For a complete chemical characterization of A. vera of the Tarapaca region, we used LC-MS techniques treated with high resolution (UHPLC-MS) whose advantage is the rapid separation of the compounds and the more accurate determination of the masses. This technique is considered a gold standard for the analysis of phenolic compounds, thanks to its versatility, precision and relatively low cost. The UHPLC machine can be coupled to different mass spectrometers, such as flight time mass spectrometers (TOF or Q-TOF), quadrupole-orbitrap (Q-OT) or triple quadrupole (TQ). Orbitrap is an ion trap mass analyzer consisting of a high resolution hybrid mass spectrometer, recently published as an innovative technology offering high resolution MS / MS fragments, for the metabolomic analysis of a variety of metabolites, including toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, peptides and many small organic molecules up to 2000 Dalton. Based on this scenario, we studied the chemical composition of A. vera from the Tarapacá region, given the geographical conditions and the possible influence on the secondary Page No:5982

4 metabolites present in the species. The phenolic compounds of each part of A. vera were characterized using UHPLC-Q / Orbitrap / MS / MS and the chemical composition was correlated with the antioxidant activity. 3.Conclusions Alovera of the Native place. This is the first study reporting a temporary identification of different phenolic compounds in this species. These results could be used as a quality control for the plant and for the chemical comparison with other Aloe species, as well as with cosmetics or diet products made with the raw material. 4.References 1. J. Ramirez, R. Zambrano, B. Sepúlveda, and M. Simirgiotis, Antioxidant properties and hyphenated HPLC-PDA-MS profiling of Chilean Pica mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. Cv. Piqueño), Molecules, vol. 19, no. 1, pp , S. Schiwitza, H. Arndt, and F. Nitsche, Four new Choanoflagellate species from extreme saline environments: indication for isolation-driven speciation exemplified by highly adapted Craspedida from salt flats in the Native place (Northern Chile), European Journal of Protistology, vol. 66, pp , D. R. Gouvea, L. Gobbo-Neto, and N. P. Lopes, The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, in Plant Bioactives and Drug Discovery: Principles, Practice, and Perspectives, V. Cechinel-Filho, Ed., pp , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 4th edition, J. Radušienėjolita, B. Karpavičienė, and Z. Stanius, Effect of external and internal factors on secondary metabolites accumulation in St. John s worth, Botanica Lithuanica, vol. 18, no. 2, pp , S. F. Hendawy, A. G. El Gendy, E. A. Omer, L. Pistelli, and L. Pistelli, Growth, yield and chemical composition of essential oil of Mentha piperita var. multimentha grown under different agro-ecological locations in Egypt, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, vol. 21, no. 1, pp , M. H. Pistelli and N. P. Laxmipriya, Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: a systematic review, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp , Page No:5983

About Authors 1 Vijay Garishela Obtained his Post Graduation in MSc(Organic chemistry) from Parvathi PG college, Achempet affiliated to Palamaru University.

He has 06 years of experience in teaching Chemistry. 2 Swapna Jerupothula Obtained her Post Graduation in M.

5 About Authors 1 Vijay Garishela Obtained his Post Graduation in MSc(Organic chemistry) from Parvathi PG college, Achempet affiliated to Palamaru University. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Humanities & Science in Sri Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad. He has 06 years of experience in teaching Chemistry. 2 Swapna Jerupothula Obtained her Post Graduation in M.Sc (Organic chemistry) from Viveka Vardhani PG college, Mancherial affiliated to Kakatiya university. She is currently working as Assistant Professor in Dept.Of Humanities & Science in Sri Indu Institute of Engineering and Technology affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad. She has 02 years of experience in teaching Chemistry Page No:5984

ANTI-AGING. Aloe vera oil.

ANTI-AGING. Aloe vera oil. ANTI-AGING Aloe vera oil www.provitalgroup.com Aloe vera oil BOTANY The genus Aloe, belonging to the family Asphodelaceae (formerly Liliaceae), comprises more than 350 species, which grow mainly in the