Grade 12 Science Exam Review

Transcription

1 Grade 12 Science Exam Review Mr. Primmer's Fantastic Study Tips Have fun!!!! Take a genuine interest in what you are studying! Use the website, all notes, handouts, and videos given over the course of the unit. Reading over your notes is not enough to prepare you for the test. Quiz yourself, make flash cards, re-write notes/definitions. Re-write unit tests. Try saying your notes or explaining your notes out loud to a person or pet. Choose a study environment that is free from distractions (example: library, coffee shop, kitchen table). Make a study plan and stick to it! Book off at least 6 chunks of time and plan what you are going to cover each time. Example: half a unit per study session. Keep track of what you have studied, what you feel confident in, and what you are still not sure about. Use symbols to write this on the review sheet. Get a good night s sleep before the exam. Exam Tips: Have something to eat before the exam. Budget your time to make sure you finish the whole exam. Don t get stuck on one question. If you don t know how to do it, move on and come back to it, or do questions you know how to do first, then go back to the hard questions. Self Check List: 1. Have I read over my notes/textbook? (Rate 1-10 = ) 2. Have I quizzed myself on the terms/topics? (HINT: put a check mark beside topics that you are really familiar with, put a? besides topics that you are not totally sure about, and put an X beside topics that you don't know) (Rate 1-10 = ) 3. Have I re-wrote important concepts? (Rate 1-10 = ) 4. Have I wrote practise questions? (Rate 1-10 = ) Study Action Plan!!! 1. What grade do want to achieve on this exam? 2. How many hours will you need to study to achieve this? 3. Pick at least six dates and times for your study sessions: Put a check mark after you complete each study session!

2 Format A) Multiple Choice /35 Marks B) Short Answer /40 Marks C) Case Study /8 Marks D) Controversial Topics /7 Marks Total 90 marks Nature of Science: How to plan an experiment. Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables. Example: Identify the variables and explain how you would set up this experiment: Which type of physical exercise produces the highest heart rate? Nutritional Science: Topic 1: Macromolecules (Mostly: Macromolecule Powerpoint. Also Macromolecule building worksheets) 1. Life is made of which six elements? 2. Large biological molecules are called 3. What are the four groups of biological molecules? 4. What is the main purpose of carbohydrates in our body? 5. Which three elements make up carbohydrates? 6. There are three types of carbohydrates based on size, they are: 7. Draw a glucose molecule. 8. What is the formula for glucose? 9. Provide an example of a disaccharide and a polysaccharide. 10. Can your body absorb polysaccharides? Explain. 11. What is the main purpose of lipids? 12. Give some examples of lipids. 13. What is a triglyceride? Purpose? 14. What is the structural difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? Draw a diagram. 15. Explain the health implications eating too many saturated fats. 16. Omega fatty acids are important for a balanced diet. Give some examples. 17. What are three functions of proteins in the body? 18. What are the small subunits that make up proteins called? 19. Explain what essential amino acids are. 20. Give some examples of food that contain all of the essential amino acids.

3 21. What could happen to your body if you do not eat all the essential amino acids? 22. Proteins contain the elements: C, H, O, and. Topic 2: Digestion (Mostly: Digestive System Powerpoint. ) 1. What is digestion? 2. What are three uses of molecules in our body? 3. Path food takes 4. Enzymes involved what does each break down and where can they be found 5. Functions of digestive organs and accessory organs Other Topics 1. Vitamins and minerals: List 3 vitamins and explain how they help the body. 2. Calories Definition How many calories to you need each day? What is BMR? How do you use it? Calculate the BMR for a 27 year old female who is 5 3 tall and weighs 120 lbs. What is TDEE? How do you use it? Why is it important to know how many calories you need? 3. Energy content of food Calculations Carbohydrate -4 calories/g, protein -4 calories/g, lipid -9 calories/g Why do lipids contain more energy hint: more CH bonds 4. Food Inc a. Why is there so many products that contain corn or High Fructose Corn Syrup? b. Why does it cost more money to eat healthy? c. What are some things that you think could be done about this? 5. Dieting a. List and explain two fad diets b. What does the overall research show as the effectiveness of diets in general? c. d. What are some health risks associated with dieting? e. In your opinion, what is a healthy approach to maintaining a healthy weight? Biotechnology: 1. What is the purpose of DNA? 2. What are the components of DNA? 3. How does DNA work? 4. Why is it important that DNA is a double helix? 5. Explain the relationship between: DNA strand, Chromosome, Gene, Nucleus, Cell. Draw a diagram to help explain. 6. Define genome.

4 (The following questions are mostly from the Reproductive Strategies and Techniques Handout 7. Explain how selective breeding has benefited humans? 8. Is selective breeding considered biotechnology? Explain. 9. List two disadvantages of selective breeding. 10. Explain the process of IVF (in vitro fertilization) 11. Why is IVF used? 12. How common is the use of IVF in humans? 13. Explain the process of PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) 14. Why is PGD used? 15. What are some ways the use of PGD could be abused and cause ethical dilemmas? 16. Define the term cloning. 17. What are three types of cloning? 18. Explain how gene cloning is used to manufacture insulin. 19. Outline the three steps involved in using bacteria to clone a gene. (fig 4.25) 20. Explain the similarities and differences in therapeutic and reproductive cloning. 21. Draw a diagram to help explain SCNT (somatic cell nuclear transfer) 22. Provide two ethical issues relating to reproductive cloning. 23. Define the term stem cells 24. Describe two potential applications of stem cell research 25. Explain why induced pluripotent stem cells reduce the need and reliance on using embryonic stem cells? How does this help bypass the ethical debate surrounding this issue? New Content: (mostly from The Future Of Genetics Research Handout) 26. What are the steps involved in extracting DNA from a banana? What does each step accomplish 27. Transcription and Translation (application questions) a. DNA into RNA b. mrna into amino acids (protein) andme Explain purpose and controversy. What are the benefits? Would you want to do this? 29. Human Genome Project: a. Purpose b. Discoveries 30. Why is the completed Human Genome Project only a starting point? What are the next steps? 31. What is Genomics? 32. What is microarray technology used for? 33. What are some concerns people have of organizations obtaining their genetic profile? 34. How does DNA Fingerprinting work? (refer to video) Pathogens and Disease Resource: Case Study: A Simple Plan: EL Trudeau, the Rabbit Island Experiment, and Tuberculosis Treatment 1. Fully interpret this survival curve: 2. Using some data that will be provided, create a survival curve. 3. Explain the germ theory of infection. 4. How did Dr. Trudeau s results support the germ theory of infection?

5 5. What were the independent, dependent, and controlled variables in the Rabbit Island Experiment? 6. How could the control variables in this experiment be improved? 7. Interpret and explain Figure 2 : 8. Recap: a. What type of pathogen is TB? b. How is it prevented and treated? c. How many people died from TB in 2010? Resource: Pathogens Workbook Part 1 1. Define the term Infectious Disease 2. What are five types of pathogens? 3. Compare the terms infectivity and infectiousness 4. Explain our bodily defenses against pathogens: a. Through the mouth b. Through the nose c. Cuts and wounds 5. Spanish Flu Pandemic 1918 a. Describe its impact b. Why was it unusual? 6. H1N a. What is it? b. How is it similar to Spanish Flu? c. How is it different? d. Was the government s response an overreaction? Provide two reasons. Resource: Pathogens Workbook Part 2 1. Describe when and where Black Death occurred. 2. Where rats the actual cause of Black Death? Explain 3. What infectious diseases were brought to the Americas by European settlers? 4. How did this impact indigenous people? 5. What causes HIV and how long does it take to get after the initial infection with the infectious agent? 6. How has the AIDS epidemic impacted society in highly infected regions? 7. Do antiretroviral drugs cure AIDS? What are their benefits? 8. What is the cause of malaria? 9. What is the vector of malaria? 10. What is the global impact of malaria? 11. How is it prevented?

6 Medical Technologies Resources: Powerpoints on the Website, Organ Donation Handout, Your Medical Technology Research Report 1. What are the Four Major Vital Signs? 2. What is blood pressure? What do the two components mean? What are normal values? What are irregular blood pressure conditions? 3. What is heart rate? How do you measure heart rate? What are normal and irregular values? 4. What are some ethical issues with organ donation? 5. Why is there a black market for organ donation? 6. Describe the findings of your research report. Controversial Issues 1. Be prepared to describe a couple controversial issues covered in this course. 2. For each issue, be able to explain two different viewpoints. For each view point, give two reasons/arguments