D... E... (2) (1) Name two structures present in eukaryotic cells that are not present in the cells of prokaryotes
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1 AQA Questions on. Cell Structure (answers are at the end) Saint David's Catholic College Q. (a) The diagram shows a bacterial cell. (i) Name the parts labelled D and E. D... E... Give one function of the cell wall. Name two structures present in eukaryotic cells that are not present in the cells of prokaryotes (c) Several small pieces of a saprophytic fungus were placed on a starch agar plate. After 48 hours the iodine solution was poured over the starch agar. The result is shown in the diagram below. Page
2 (i) Explain why there is a clear area around most of the pieces of fungus. Suggest why one piece of fungus has no clear area round it. (Total 8 marks) Page
3 Q. The diagram shows an organism called Chlamydomonas. Saint David's Catholic College (a) Name two structures shown in the diagram that are present in plant cells but are not present in animal cells Chlamydomonas lives in fresh water ponds. Use your knowledge of osmosis to suggest an advantage of using starch as a carbohydrate store. (c) Chlamydomonas has adaptations that help it to maintain a high rate of photosynthesis. Use information in the diagram to explain what these adaptations are. Page 3
4 (Extra space)... (3) (Total 7 marks) Q3. (a) Name the type of bond that joins amino acids together in a polypeptide. The diagram shows a cell from the pancreas. Page 4
5 Saint David's Catholic College The cytoplasm at F contains amino acids. These amino acids are used to make proteins which are secreted from the cell. Place the appropriate letters in the correct order to show the passage of an amino acid from the cytoplasm at F until it is secreted from the cell as a protein at K. F K (c) There are lots of organelle G in this cell. Explain why. (d) A group of scientists homogenised pancreatic tissue before carrying out cell fractionation to isolate organelle G. Explain why the scientists (i) homogenised the tissue filtered the resulting suspension (iii) kept the suspension ice cold during the process Page 5
6 (iv) used isotonic solution during the process. (Total 0 marks) Page 6
7 M. (a) (i) D plasmid / ribosome(s) / cytoplasm / storage granules; (accept any sensible structure) E (slime / mucous) capsule OR slime / mucous layer; protection / maintain shape / prevent lysis / strength / support; two of the following: nucleus; OR nuclear envelope / mitochondria / chloroplasts / ser / rer / golgi apparatus / 80s ribosomes linear DNA / chromosomes / lysosomes / vacuole / vescicles / cellulose cell wall; max (c) (i) starch digested / broken down; by amylase / carbohydrase; any sensible suggestion e.g. no secretion of amylase / functional amylase / piece of fungus might have died; (accept carbohydrase / enzyme for amylase) (reject no digestion without qualification) [8] M. (a) Cell wall; Starch (store); Chloroplast; Page 7
8 Accept: phonetic spelling max Insoluble; Reduces/ stops water entry/osmosis / does not affect water potential / is osmotically inactive; Accept: description for first point e.g. does not dissolve. (c) Light sensitive eyespot / eyespot detects light; Flagellum enables movement towards light; Chloroplast/chlorophyll absorbs light/ for photosynthesis; Do not penalise references to many chloroplasts. 3 [7] M3. (a) Peptide; Q Do not accept polypeptide Neutral: covalent (F) H J E (K); All three boxes correct = marks Two boxes correct = mark (c) (Site of aerobic) respiration; Release ATP / energy; Active transport/transport against the concentration gradient/protein synthesis / exocytosis; Q Reject: anaerobic respiration Q Reject: produces/makes energy Accept: produces ATP for energy Reject: produces ATP for respiration Neutral: protein secretion Page 8 max
9 (d) (i) Breaks open cells/disrupts cell membrane/releases cell contents/releases organelles/break up cells; Reject: breaks down cell wall Neutral: separates the cells Reject: breaks up cells so they can be separated Reject: breaks up/separates organelles Removes (cell) debris/complete cells/tissue; Neutral: to isolate organelle G/mitochondria Neutral: removes unwanted substances/impurities Reject: removes organelles/cell walls (iii) Reduces/prevents enzyme activity; Reject: ref. to denaturation (iv) Prevents osmosis/no (net) movement of water/water does not enter organelle/water does not leave organelle; So organelle/named organelle is not damaged/does not burst/does not shrivel; Neutral: ref. to water potential Q Ref. to cells rather than organelles negates the second mark only Reject: ref. to turgid/flaccid for second mark Reject: organelle explodes for second mark [0] Page 9
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