Biology 1. Worksheet I

Transcription

1 Biology 1 Worksheet I

2 Question #1 What does the first law of thermodynamics state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed No energy transformation is 100% efficient How is this law related to the efficiency of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is an energy transformation process that converts solar energy into chemical energy (food) Photosynthesis is only 1-2% efficient

3 Question #2 What does the second law of thermodynamics state? Entropy increases Give a biological example of this law in action. An increase in entropy is an increase in randomness or disorder. Decomposition is an example of an increase in entropy.

4 Question #3 Describe the difference between potenial energy and kinetic energy Potential energy is Energy of position Energy that is stored in chemical bonds Kinetic energy is motion Energy of chemical bonds are broken Energy that is released when

5 Question #4 Pyramid of Biomass Trophic Levels 100 Pounds The Sun 1000 Pounds Consumers Heterotrophs 10,000 Pounds Photosynthesis (P/S) Producers Autotrophs

6 Question #5 Autotrophic organisms produce their own food using solar energy. They do not need to feed on other organisms Autotrophs - Producers Diatoms: Marine Phytoplankton Autotrophic organisms are photosynthetic

7 Question #5 Heterotrophs feed on other organisms. They include both herbivores (primary consumers) and carnivores (secondary consumers) Primary Consumers - Heterotrophs

8 Question #5 Secondary Consumers - Heterotrophs The mountain lion is a seconday consumer or carnivore. On a simple three trophic (feeding) level pyramid of biomass, the mountain lion is at the 3 rd trophic level.

9 Question #5 Omnivores are both primary and secondary consumers Omnivores eat both plants and meat Coyotes, bears, bears and raccoons are omnivores

10 Question #6 Based on the information in the pyramid of biomass, would you feed a starving country rice and beans or steak and lamb chops? Why Rice and beans You can feed 10X more people on a vegetarian diet (people feeding as herbivores) 10,000 pounds of rice and beans can support 1,000 pounds of cows and sheep which can support 100 pounds of humans 10,000 pounds of rice an beans can support 1,000 pounds of humans (10X more!)

11 Questions # 20 and #21 Monosaccharides Carbohydrates Blood Sugar = Glucose Fruit Sugar = Fructose Milk Monosaccharide = Galactose Disaccharides Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Polysaccharides plants Starch = Storage form of glucose in Glycogen = Storage form of glucose in animals Cellulose = Plant cell walls (the fiber in your diet)

12 Questions #22 and #24 Why is the shape of a protein important? Protein shape determines protein function What does the term denaturization mean? To denature a protein is to alter its shape Proteins can be denatured by altering the changing the ph or the temperature If an enzyme is denatured what would be the consequence? function The enzyme would not longer

13 Question #25 Describe the relationship between enzymes, ph, and temperature. Use the terms protein, denature, shape, and function in your discussion. Enzymes are specialized proteins The shape of a protein determines its function If you alter the ph or temperature of the enzyme you will denature it If you denature the enzyme you will alter its structure This of you denature the enzyme it will not function

14 Question #26 If you were the head of the MSAC cross country team would you feed them a pasta dinner or prime rib the night before the race? I would feed them a pasta dinner. Pasta is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the diet. Prime rib is protein (meat). The role of protein it the diet is growth maintenance and repair.

15 Question #30 Amino acids contain an element that is not found in carbohydrates and lipids. What element is this? nitrogen (N) The bond that forms between two amino acids is called a peptide bond A chain of amino acids is called The primary structure of a protein is its specific sequence of amino acids a protein or polypeptide

16 1 Pharynx Common passageway for food and air 2 Esophagus 3 Liver Gall bladder Pancreas Duodenum First (First Section Section) Jejunum (Middle Section) Ileum (Last Section) Small Intestine Appendix 5