Bariatric surgery has emerged as the cure for morbid
|
|
- Blake Gilbert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BARIATRIC NURSING AND SURGICAL PATIENT CARE Volume 7, Number 2, 2012 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: /bar RESOURCE SECTION Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation for the Bariatric Patient: Why, What, When, and How? Kim Joyner, RN, CNOR Purpose: To enhance the vitamin and mineral supplementation knowledge base of all bariatric surgery care providers. Significance: Bariatric surgery patients require ongoing nutritional counseling during their weight loss surgery experience. It is not the sole responsibility of the dietician. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount. This article will discuss the common bariatric procedures performed in the U.S. and their respective vitamin and mineral deficiencies based on the surgical physiology. In addition, basic vitamin and mineral charts are provided that list basic information (why, what, when, and how) all bariatric care providers must be familiar in order to assure optimal preoperative and postoperative care. Introduction Bariatric surgery has emerged as the cure for morbid obesity and subsequent comorbid factors. With this cure, however, comes a lifetime of nutritional recommendations that must be followed. Each bariatric surgical procedure has its own set of recommendations based on physiology and the technique used to achieve the desired surgical weight-loss outcome. In order to provide a baseline knowledge level of the various procedure types and the physiology associated with each, we will explore the three classifications of the common bariatric surgical procedures performed in the United States. These include: 1. Malabsorptive procedures Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) 2. Restrictive procedures Vertical banded gastroplasty Sleeve gastrectomy Adjustable gastric banding 3. Malabsorptive and Restrictive Procedures Gastric bypass Roux-en-Y Malabsorptive The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) requires consistent long-term nutritional followup and monitoring as it is a purely malabsorptive procedure. A portion of the stomach is resected, creating a smaller stomach pouch. The distal small intestine, or ileum, is then connected to the pouch. The duodenum (first inches of small intestine) and the jejunum (middle of the small intestine) are bypassed. This bypassed small intestine is the basis for the decreased absorption of calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals that occur post BPD/DS. Patients who undergo this procedure must have consistent follow-up lab studies performed in order to assure that nutritional requirements are within normal limits. There are far fewer BPD/DS procedures performed compared to other weight loss procedures due to the need for long-term follow-up and monitoring. There is no restrictive component as with gastric bypass, thus patients can eat larger quantities during snack and mealtimes. As with all malabsorptive procedures, BPD/DS patients do not effectively absorb micronutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and folate. Due to the bypass of the duodenum and the jejunum, these patients are especially vulnerable to deficiencies in the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Restrictive The vertical banded gastroplasty, or stomach stapling, is a purely restrictive procedure. A portion of the stomach is stapled to create a small pouch. A small, non-adjustable polyurethane band is placed below the pouch. Vomiting and severe discomfort occur when food is not properly chewed. Healthy, more fibrous foods can be difficult to digest, while highly refined foods cause little discomfort. This can easily promote ingestion of junk foods, as opposed to foods that are considered to be healthy choices. This procedure is rarely performed today, as adjustable gastric bands are less invasive and have better results. Furthermore, reversal of this procedure is considered very dangerous and should only be considered when there are major complications. The vertical banded gastroplasty is included in this section to promote awareness due to its popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina. 87
2 88 JOYNER The sleeve gastrectomy is a purely restrictive procedure in which the stomach is reduced to about 15% of its original size. Eighty-five percent of the stomach is removed, thus rendering the procedure irreversible. This reduced stomach is achieved via stapling along the major curve of the stomach, and the open edges are attached together with staples, sutures, or a combination of both. The new stomach resembles a banana in shape and thus appears as a tube or a sleeve. Despite the reduction in size, the stomach tends to function normally and enables the patient to consume most food items, as long as portions are smaller. The pylorus is preserved, thus dumping syndrome is greatly reduced. Since the bowel is not resected and there is no small intestine anastamosis or staple line, there is no ulcer formation. Preserving the duodenum allows for less anemia, osteoporosis, and protein and vitamin deficiencies. The sleeve gastrectomy, or gastric sleeve, is a more appealing option for patients with existing anemia, Crohn s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or the need for chronic steroid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug use. The adjustable gastric banding procedure, also known as the LapBand Ò or Realize Ò Band, is also considered a restrictive procedure. A silastic, adjustable band is placed around the top portion of the stomach, creating a small pouch just above the band. This band is connected to a port via silastic tubing. The port is placed just under the skin so that it can be accessed and saline can be added or removed in order to provide adequate restriction. This restriction results in decreased hunger and resultant weight loss. Patients with the LapBand do not have absorption issues but do have a decrease in food consumption. A daily multivitamin is important to assure that the recommended daily allowance of specific vitamins and minerals are being met. Eating foods that are gummy in consistency, such as bread or asparagus, may induce vomiting in the LapBand patient. Chronic vomiting may lead to a thiamine deficiency. Any multivitamin taken by this population of patients must have the recommended daily allowance of thiamine to assure thiamine levels are maintained. Table 1. FDA Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI): Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intake, Elements Vitamin A (lg/d) Vitamin E (lg/d) 15 Vitamin K (lg/d) Thiamine (mg/d) Riboflavin (mg/d) Niacin (mg/d) Vitamin B6 (mg/d) Pantothenic Acid (mg/d) 5 Choline (mg/d) Vitamin B12 (lg/d) 2.4 Folate (lg/d) 400 Calcium (mg/d) Copper (lg/d) 900 Iron (lg/d) Males 8 Ferrous Fumurate Females 18 FDA, Food and Drug Administration. Malabsorptive and Restrictive By design, the gastric bypass Roux-en-Y is both a restrictive and malabsorptive procedure. A small stomach pouch is created with a stapler device, and then this pouch is connected to the distal small intestine, or jejunum. The upper part of the small intestine is then reattached in a Y-shaped configuration. This new configuration allows for a restrictive reservoir for food and liquids and a narrow outlet from which the food travels into the remainder of the digestive tract and out in the normal manner, bypassing the duodenum. This bypass impacts digestion as the duodenum is intricately involved in the digestive process. The primary role of the small intestine is absorption of vitamins and minerals, proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates, fats (lipids), enzymes, and water. Absorption is altered when digestion is incomplete. Thus patients having gastric bypass must take vitamin supplements for the rest of their lives. Furthermore, patients who have had this procedure will require 200% of the recommended daily allowances for vitamins and minerals. In review, patients having a restrictive bariatric procedure such as laparoscopic gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty, and sleeve gastroplasty will benefit from one multivitamin daily with 100% of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs). Patients having a malabsorptive and/or restrictive procedure such as gastric bypass Roux-en-Y and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch will benefit from two multivitamins per day or 200% of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs). See Table 1 for further explanation of daily requirements. What, When, and How? If we must recommend vitamin and mineral supplements to our patients, we must also have a basic understanding of how they function in the body. This next section will focus on various vitamins and minerals recommended for the bariatric patient and the key contributions they make to homeostasis. Water-soluble B vitamins are essential for energy production, immune system function, and heart health. They are absorbed quickly, are not stored in the fat cells, and therefore must be replaced every day. See Table 2 for the seven B vitamins (B- Complex) with their functions, food sources, and signs and symptoms of deficiency. Interestingly, although the body can synthesize or make vitamins, it cannot manufacture one single mineral. Minerals must come from food sources or supplementation. Furthermore, vitamins are dependent upon minerals for adequate absorption. For example, vitamin D must be present in order for calcium to be absorbed. See Table 3 for a list of various minerals, their function, food sources, and signs and symptoms of deficiency. In recent years, vitamin D has received a great deal of attention among healthcare providers and the media. Flanebaum et al. 1 completed a retrospective analysis of 379 preoperative gastric bypass patients and found 68.1% were deficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Ybarra et al. 2 found 80% of a screened population of patients presented with similar patterns of low vitamin D levels. One mechanism for this deficiency is the decreased bioavailability of vitamin D due to enhanced uptake and clearance by adipose tissue. Thus the decreased availability of vitamin D is secondary to the preoperative fat mass. Reduced dietary calcium absorption increases a substance known as calcitrol, which in turn, causes metabolic changes that favor fat accumulation. Many bariatric centers now choose to preoperatively screen their patients for
3 Table 2. Vitamin B Reference Table Vitamin Function Foods Signs/Symptoms of deficiency Vitamin B12 Maintains healthy nerve cells Meats Anemia/pernicious anemia Maintains healthy red blood cells Fish Decreased energy/fatigue Supports higher energy levels Poultry Shortness of breath Supports emotional stability and mental clarity Eggs Palpitations Aids in production of DNA Milk Tingling, numbness in extremities Supports lower homocysteine levels Fortified breakfast cereals Spasticity/irritability (Higher homocysteine levels increase risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer s) Depression Memory loss/dementia Diarrhea/constipation Abdominal pain Excessive flatulence Burning sensation tongue Anorexia weight loss Age-related hearing loss Alzheimer s disease Vitamin B1/Thiamine Promotes normal appetite Whole grain cereals Fatigue and irritability Helps fight morning sickness Bread Sensitivity to noise Improves mental attitude Red meat Loss of appetite Speeds healing process Egg yolks Constipation Essential in conversion carbs into glucose for energy Green leafy vegetables Depression Legumes Slow wound healing Sweet corn Low blood pressure Brown rice Shortness of breath Berries Risk factors for thiamine deficiency Wheat germ Crash dieting Alcohol abuse Liver dysfunction Excessive consumption of sweets, soft drinks, and highly processed foods Excessive vomiting Vitamin B2/Riboflavin Aids in breakdown of carbs, fats, and proteins Whole gains Skin disorders Maintenance of skin, cornea, nerve sheaths Milk Inflammation of soft tissue around corner of mouth Prevents oxidation Eggs Glossitis or inflammation of tongue Cheese Peas Vitamin B3/Niacin Metabolism of food Meats Diarrhea Maintenance of skin, cornea, nerve sheaths, and gastrointestinal tract Brewer s yeast Dermatitis Milk Dementia Eggs Mouth can also be affected by Pellagra, causing the inside of the cheeks/tongue to become red and painful Cheese Peas (continued) 89
4 Table 2. (Continued) Vitamin Function Foods Signs/Symptoms of deficiency Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine Breakdown of carbs, proteins, and fats Grains Skin disorders Aids in production of red blood cells Dairy/eggs Neuropathy Builds amino acids/protein Shellfish Confusion Potatoes Poor coordination Nuts Insomnia Legumes Inflammation of edges of tongue, lips, and mouth Spinach Deficiency is rare, as B6 is found in many, many foods. The exception is alcoholism. Bananas/avocados Vitamin B9/Folic acid Interacts with Vitamin B12 in cell production (DNA) Liver Poor growth in children Aids in breakdown of proteins Dried herbs Irritation of mouth Aids in formation of hemoglobin and oxygen capacity Sunflower seeds Folic acid is present in nearly all natural foods but can Edamame/legumes be destroyed during the cooking process Dark leafy vegetables Bean sprouts Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid Aids in breakdown of carbs, fats, and amino acids Meats There is no deficiency disorder known, as it is produced by Legumes bacteria in the intestines Whole grain cereals 90
5 Table 3. Mineral Reference Table Mineral Function Foods Signs/Symptoms of deficiency Calcium Key component of bone and teeth Dairy products Osteomalacia or softening of bone Essential for vital metabolic processes such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and blood clotting Fortified juices Osteoporosis Rickets Tetany Iron (Fe) Essential for transfer of oxygen between tissues in the body Eggs/peas Anemia Green leafy vegetables Increased susceptibility to infections Fortified foods such as cereals Liver Nuts/whole grains Magnesium (Mg) Essential for healthy bones Eggs Anxiety Proper function nerve and muscle tissue Leafy green vegetables Fatigue Needed for the function of approximately 90 enzymes Shellfish Insomnia Dairy Muscular problems Nuts Nausea Whole meal flour PMS Phosphorous (P) Bone formation Dairy Anemia/weakness Energy production Most fruits Demineralization of bone Meats Nerve disorders Leafy green vegetables Respiratory problems Weight loss Potassium (K) Main base ion of intracellular fluid Cereals/whole grain flour Generalized muscle paralysis Nerve and muscle function Coffee Metabolic disturbances Fresh fruits/vegetables Meat Salt substitutes Sodium (Na) Volume control extracellular fluid Processed baked goods Low blood pressure Maintains body ph Table salt Generalized muscle weakness Function of nerve and muscle tissue Cured products such as ham Mild fever Respiratory problems Chromium (Cr) Skeletal muscle function Cereals/whole meal flour Confusion Cheese/fresh fruit Irritability Meat Weakness Nuts Copper (Cu) Present in enzymes Cocoa Changes in hair color and texture/hair loss Present in red blood cells and plasma Liver Disturbances to the nervous system Fresh fruit Bone disease Meat Serious deficiency can lead to Menkes s Syndrome Nuts Whole meal flour Manganese (Mn) Antioxidant Avocados/nuts Unusual but can lead to: Formation strong bone, nerves and muscle Tea Bone deformities Vegetables Rashes Whole grain cereals Skin conditions Reduced hair growth Selenium (Se) Egg yolk Cardiomyopathy Garlic Kaschin-Beck disease (affects the cartilage at joints) Seafood Whole wheat flour Zinc (Zn) Needed for function of more than 200 enzymes Dairy/egg yolk Deficiency is rare but may lead to: Strong immune system Liver/red meat Skin lesions Seafood Cornea lesions Whole grain flour 91
6 92 JOYNER vitamin D deficiency. Certainly, vitamin D levels must be checked postoperatively to assure healthy levels are being achieved through supplementation. Continued research may prove that vitamin D contributes to a normal body weight, brain health, reduced symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, and improved immune system function. Supplementation for the bariatric patient is not just the responsibility of the dietician. Surgeons, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, nurses, psychologists, and primary care providers must have a basic knowledge and understanding of vitamin and mineral therapy as it relates to various bariatric procedures. The American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgeons has established nutrition guidelines for the bariatric patient, accessed via their website under Resources/Guidelines: Aills, L et al. 3 Lifetime nutritional support via vitamin and mineral therapy is critical for the continued health of all bariatric patients. Bariatric centers must continually use evidencebased research to establish guidelines for their respective practices. Education of healthcare providers must transfer to the individual patient to assure long-term compliance. Appropriate, ongoing nutritional education will empower patients to maintain their nutritional health long term. Disclosure Statement No competing financial interests exist. References 1. Flanebaum L, Belsley S, Drake V, et al. Preoperative nutritional status of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10: Ybarra J, Sanchez-hernandez J, Vich I, et al. Unchanged hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in morbid obesity after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2005;15: Aills L, Blankenship J, Buffington C, Furtado M, Parrot J, et al. ASMBS allied health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient. Obes Surg 2008;4:S73 S108. Address correspondence to: Kim Joyner, RN, CNOR Bariatric Coordinator New Hanover Regional Medical Center 2131 S. Fifth Street Wilmington, NC kim.joyner@nhrmc.org
Everything You Need to Know about Vitamins and Minerals
Everything You Need to Know about Vitamins and Minerals A Beta-Carotene Thiamine (B 1 ) Riboflavin (B 2 ) Vitamin A is needed for new cell growth. Helps fight infection. Essential for healthy skin, good
More informationNUTRITION CONCEPTS MACRONUTRIENTS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
NUTRITION CONCEPTS MACRONUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Found in breads, cereals, fruits, vegetables, sugar and potatoes. good source of energy fiber in fruits and vegetables aid in eliminating wastes from the
More informationVITAMIN BASICS VITAMIN WHAT IT DOES TOO LITTLE TOO MUCH SOURCES. Night blindness Total blindness Reduced resistance to infection Can lead to death
VITAMIN BASICS VITAMIN WHAT IT DOES TOO LITTLE TOO MUCH SOURCES Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Maintains vision Maintains epithelial tissues (skin) Develops immune cells Bone growth Night blindness Total blindness
More informationF. To provide energy, to spare body protein, to prevent ketosis. G. Food sources include breads, vegetables, fruit, and milk.
Nutrition: Nutrients for the Body Nutrients are chemical substances supplied by food that the body needs for growth, maintenance, and repair. The six nutrients are: 1. Carbohydrates. 2. Proteins. 3. Fats.
More informationNutrients. The food you eat is a source of nutrients. Nutrients are defined as the substances found in food that keep your body functioning.
Nutrients The food you eat is a source of nutrients. Nutrients are defined as the substances found in food that keep your body functioning. Your body needs nutrients to Provide energy. Build and repair
More informationVitamins and Minerals
Eating Right Vitamins and Minerals Many claims about vitamins and minerals may be misleading and confusing. The following lists tell what vitamins and minerals do, where they are found and the current
More informationChapter Why do we eat & Nutrition and Nutrients
Chapter 15.1 Why do we eat & Nutrition and Nutrients Why do we eat? Physical Needs: Nutrients chemicals found in food, the body needs to function properly. Nutrition study of foods and the way your body
More informationIntro to Vitamins, Minerals & Water
Intro to Vitamins, Minerals & Water 1. What is the main function of vitamins and minerals? To regulate body functions 2. What foods are a lot of the vitamins and minerals we need found in? Fruits and Vegetables
More informationVitamin A. Vitamin D
Vitamin A Fat Soluble Vitamin Maintains hair and skin cells. Helps prevent night blindness. Orange and dark green vegetables, dairy products, and fish oils Works with calcium to build and maintain healthy
More informationChapter. The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals. Images shutterstock.com
Chapter 13 The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals Images shutterstock.com Objectives Differentiate between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. List functions and sources of major minerals
More informationStudy of how your body takes in and uses food
Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Study of how your body takes in and uses food Nutrients substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair, and supply energy Calorie unit of heat used to measure the energy your
More informationBHARATH ACADEMY VITAMINS AND MINERALS CHART
VITAMINS AND MINERALS CHART Different types of vitamins and minerals enable healthy body function, such as cell and tissue repair, production of cells, and healthy brain function. Your body doesn t produce
More informationMacros and Micros. of a Healthy Diet. Macronutrients. Proteins
Macros and Micros of a Healthy Diet Macronutrients Nutrients needed in large amounts in the body that provide energy Includes protein, carbohydrates, and fats Proteins Roles in the body: Develops, maintains,
More information?Pairing peanuts with other healthy foods can actually help you. Nutrient Density. Peanuts Improve Nutrient Intake %RDA %RDA
Peanuts Improve Nutrient Intake snacking on peanuts improves intake of healthy nutrients. One serving of peanuts provides many of the essential nutrients we need each day. These include vitamin E, magnesium,
More informationNutrition for Health. Nutrients. Before You Read
CHAPTER 10 LESSON 2 Nutrition for Health Nutrients BIG Idea Each nutrient in your diet plays a unique and essential role in keeping you healthy. Before You Read Sometimes figuring out what to eat can be
More informationMultivitamins are a mixture of vitamins and minerals which are essential for the body to work and stay healthy.
MULTIVITAMINS Multivitamins are a mixture of vitamins and minerals which are essential for the body to work and stay healthy. Vitamins are vital substances that are required for normal growth and functioning
More informationLesson 1 Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins pages
Lesson 1 Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins pages 190-201 What are the 3 classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy and how does the body obtain the energy from foods? Describe the roles that carbohydrates,
More informationNutrition and Health. Micronutrients - Vitamins
Nutrition and Health Micronutrients - Vitamins Topics Vitamins Water-soluble vitamins vitamin B vitamin C Fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K 2 VITAMINS 3 Vitamins Vitamins are
More informationInformation on vitamins. Good for eyes, sight, skin and growth. Excess is harmful to pregnant women who should avoid vitamin A rich foods.
Information on vitamins. Vitamin A. Good for eyes, sight, skin and growth. Excess is harmful to pregnant women who should avoid vitamin A rich foods. Cod liver oil. Butter. Double cream. Cheese. Vitamin
More informationNutrients in foods replace those used by the body
Fundamentals of Nutrition Nutrition: those processes that allow the body to use food for energy, maintenance of health, and growth. Nutritional status: the state of one s nutrition Wellness: state of good
More informationJIGSAW READING CARBOHYDRATES
Date: CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates provide an important source of energy for our bodies. There are two types of carbohydrates: Sugars are found in foods which taste sweet like candies, jams and desserts.
More informationName Hour. Nutrition Notes
Calorie: Measure of Name Hour Nutrition Notes = 9 calories per gram Carbohydrates and Protein = calories per gram. If you consume more calories than you use up, it will be stored as. Carbohydrates (CHO)
More informationChoosing Healthful Foods
LESSON 25 Choosing Healthful Foods Before You Read List some of the healthful foods you eat. What makes these foods healthful choices? What You ll Learn the functions and sources of proteins, carbohydrates,
More informationNotes on Nutrition by Chamali Samarasekara. Notes on Nutrition
Notes on Nutrition Patient groups particularly affected by their nutrition Pregnant and lactating women Babies (constipation) Children (malnutrition) The elderly (immobility/ visual impairment) Inpatients
More informationSix Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water
Nutrients Six Nutrients Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Water Function: most essential nutrient Helps digest and absorb
More informationBasic Review of Digestion
Basic Review of Digestion In the mouth, food is broken down, mixed with saliva, and formed into a bolus. Wave like muscle movements, called peristalsis, push the food throughout the rest of the digestive
More informationPhysiological Role: B-vitamins are coenzymes of many enzymes systems of body metabolism. Thiamine {B 1 }
Food Constituents [continued] Micronutrients B-Vitamins The B group of vitamin {water soluble} includes: Thiamine: vitamin B 1, ant beriberi vitamin. Riboflavin: vitamin B 2. Niacin: nicotinic acid, PP
More information3 THREE FUEL UP VS. FILL UP. LESSON. Explain how a balanced diet (eating a variety of foods from all food groups) fuels the body.
LESSON 3 THREE Explain how a balanced diet (eating a variety of foods from all food groups) fuels the body. Distinguish between nutrient-dense and empty-calorie foods and identify examples of each. www.eatsmart.org
More informationLecture 3. Nutrition
Lecture 3 Nutrition, Part 1 1 Nutrition 1.Macronutrients a. Water b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Fats 2.Micronutrients a. Minerals b. Vitamins 2 1 Why is Nutrition Important? Your food choices each day
More information2002 Learning Zone Express
1 Nutrients The food you eat is a source of nutrients. Nutrients are defined as the substances found in food that keep your body functioning. Your body needs nutrients to 2 Fuel your energy. Help you grow.
More informationPOST BARIATRIC SURGERY DIET
POST BARIATRIC SURGERY DIET STAGE 1: Water Trial STAGE 2: Clear Liquids STAGE 3: Full Liquids STAGE 4: Pureed Diet STAGE 5: Soft Diet Maintenance Diet STAGE 1: Water Trial Post-Operative - Day 1 ( in the
More informationNutrients are: water carbohydrates lipids proteins. minerals vitamins fiber
Nutrients are: water carbohydrates lipids proteins minerals vitamins fiber WATER Essential nutrient 55-65% body weight Body loses water through evaporation, excretion, and respiration The only nutrient
More informationNutritional Information
Nutritional Information Fresh Green Chile Peppers The following information is for one serving of hot green chile peppers. That would be about one half cup of hot green chile peppers, or 75 grams. This
More informationNutrition and Energy 1
Nutrition and Energy 1 Food Energy The ingestion of food serves two primary functions: 1. it provides a source of energy 2. it provides raw materials the animal is unable to manufacture for itself. 2 Basal
More information6 Essential Minerals for Women's Health. By Dr. Isaac Eliaz
6 Essential Minerals for Women's Health By Dr. Isaac Eliaz Minerals are essential micronutrients that are required in small amounts for the body to function properly. Untreated mineral deficiencies can
More informationVocabulary. 1. Deficiency: 2. Toxicity: 3. Water Soluble: 4. Fat Soluble: 5. Macro: 6. Micro or Trace: 7. Electrolyte:
Vocabulary 1. Deficiency: Not enough of something (shortage) 2. Toxicity: 3. Water Soluble: Too much of something (can become toxic/poisonous) Dissolves in water 4. Fat Soluble: Dissolves in fat 5. Macro:
More informationADULTS: 550mg. MEN: 300mg WOMEN: 270mg
Mineral WHY WHERE HOW MUCH RNI CALCIUM Essential for healthy, strong Milk ADULTS: 700 bones and teeth. If you don t cheese mg get enough in childhood it yogurt may lead to osteoporosis in fish with soft
More informationWhen people don t eat enough complex carbohydrates they don t have enough energy and feel tired and less alert. They also may not get enough fiber.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are compounds that come from plants and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These nutrients supply energy, which all living things need. Carbohydrates are the body s most
More information6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS PART II VITAMINS MINERALS WATER
6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS PART II VITAMINS MINERALS WATER VITAMINS What Are They? Tasteless organic compounds that you need in small amounts for growth, reproduction, and overall good health. The DO NOT provide
More informationHow to Fight Diabetes and Win. Meal. Planning NUTURNA. Advance Diabetic Support
How to Fight Diabetes and Win Meal Planning NUTURNA TM Advance Diabetic Support Meal Planning Well-balanced and portion-controlled meals are vital to the control of blood sugar levels and management of
More informationName Unit # Period Score 159 points possible Dietary Guidelines, Food Pyramid and Nutrients Test
Name Unit # Period Score 159 points possible Dietary Guidelines, Food Pyramid and Nutrients Test 1. List the ten dietary guidelines recommended for Americans. (10) a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Multiple
More informationVITAMINS BY William Cabot, M.D., FAAOS
VITAMINS BY William Cabot, M.D., FAAOS THE VITAMIN PROTEIN CONNECTION At AMCO we deal with all types of protein products. Protein is composed of long or short chains of amino acids (1). The formation of
More informationVITAMIN FUNCTION/S DEFICIENCY/S TOXICITY/S SOURCES
Folic Acid (Pteroylglutamic Acid) Necessary for DNA & RNA synthesis Essential for the growth and reproduction of all body cells Works with vitamin B12 in the formation of red blood cells Aids in amino
More informationDR. SHAMSUL AZAHARI ZAINAL BADARI DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY UPM
DR. SHAMSUL AZAHARI ZAINAL BADARI DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY UPM Mineral nutrients are inorganic elements found in food which the body cannot synthesis.
More informationThe Six Essential Nutrient Groups:
The Six Essential Nutrient Groups: Water: Water transports other nutrients to cells, carries wastes away, aids digestion and more. It makes up more than half your weight. SOURCES: water; juices and
More informationEssential Standard. 8.NPA.1 Apply tools (Body Mass Index, Dietary Guidelines) to plan healthy nutrition and fitness.
Warm Up What vitamins and minerals can you name? How do people get the vitamins and minerals they need? What are health benefits that you know about vitamins and minerals? Why do some people take supplements?
More informationGastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity 2.0 Contact Hours Presented by: CEU Professor
Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity 2.0 Contact Hours Presented by: CEU Professor 7 www.ceuprofessoronline.com Copyright 8 2007 The Magellan Group, LLC All Rights Reserved. Reproduction and distribution
More informationSix Essential Types of Nutrients: The human body needs a balanced mix of all seven essential nutrients to sustain its normal functions.
Six Essential Types of Nutrients: The human body needs a balanced mix of all seven essential nutrients to sustain its normal functions. "Let thy food be thy medicine, and let thy medicine be thy food."
More informationAdded Vitamins and Minerals
Added Vitamins and Minerals What are Vitamins and Minerals? Vitamins and Minerals are essential micronutrients which are required in small quantities to perform all functions properly in the human body.
More informationFacts that you need to know
NUTRITION This article explores the basic concepts of nutrition and provides useful tips on healthy diet My neighbor walks up to me asking whether I am aware of the nutritional value of a new food product
More informationFood. Food Groups & Nutrients
Food Food Groups & Nutrients Grains Group Grains Group Defined: Foods made from wheat, rice, oats, barley, etc. Grains Group Defined: Foods made from wheat, rice, oats, barley, etc. Examples: bread,
More informationPDF created with pdffactory trial version
General Nutrition Concepts Importance of Nutrition Health Appearance Behavior Mood Role of Nutrients in Diet Growth and development Provide energy Regulate metabolism 2 Calories in Food Carbohydrates Protein
More informationYou Bet Your Weight. Karah Mechlowitz
You Bet Your Weight Karah Mechlowitz What to Expect for Today n Introduction to macronutrients n Breakdown of each macronutrient n Ways to track macronutrients n Wrap up What are the macronutrients? Carbohydrates
More informationThe Food Guide Pyramid
The Food Guide Pyramid In this lesson, you will Learn About n What influences a person s food choices. n How to use the Food Guide Pyramid to make healthful food choices. The Foods You Choose The foods
More informationBARIATRIC SURGERY. Weight Loss Surgery. A variety of surgical procedures to reduce weight performed on people who have obesity. Therapy Male & Female
BARIATRIC SURGERY Weight Loss Surgery A variety of surgical procedures to reduce weight performed on people who have obesity. Therapy Male & Female About Bariatric surgery Bariatric surgery offers a treatment
More informationVitamin A. What Is It Good For?
Vitamin A What Is It Good For? Vitamin A is important for normal vision, your immune system, and to help your heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs work properly. Where Can You Find It? Vitamin A is
More informationChapter 6 Vitamins, Minerals, and General Nutrition
Chapter 6 Vitamins, Minerals, and General Nutrition Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1 2 Learning Objectives List the characteristics of vitamins. Identify fat-soluble vitamins. Give an example of a source of each vitamin.
More informationCONCEPTS: OBJECTIVES: MATERIALS:
CONCEPTS: Adolescence is considered to be the period of maximum growth both in terms of height and weight. Nutrition plays an important role in providing fuel and nutrients to support this rapid growth.
More informationPrinciples of nutrition Lesson B
Principles of nutrition Lesson B Sam - ID 38359016 Unit: Applying the principles of nutrition to a physical activity programme Learning outcomes & assessment criteria Learning outcome: The learner will:
More informationHere are some types of gastric bypass surgery:
Gastric Bypass- Definition By Mayo Clinic staff Weight-loss (bariatric) surgeries change your digestive system, often limiting the amount of food you can eat. These surgeries help you lose weight and can
More informationJosie Grace C. Castillo, M.D.
Josie Grace C. Castillo, M.D. 2 types of nutrients Macronutrients Carbohydrate Fats Protein Micronutrients Vitamins Minerals 1 Occur when the quantity or quality of food is not sufficient to meet a persons
More informationFoundations of Personal Fitness. Chapter 4 Nutrition and Your Personal Fitness
Foundations of Personal Fitness Chapter 4 Nutrition and Your Personal Fitness Lesson 1: The Importance of Nutrition Healthful Eating Taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day Nutrients substances
More informationNUTRITION IN THE MARTIAL ARTS
NUTRITION IN THE MARTIAL ARTS When you are a Martial Artist you only eat what you require and do not get carried away with foods that do not benefit you as a Martial Artist.-----Bruce Lee Its amazing how
More informationAn Introduction to Bariatric Surgery
An Introduction to Bariatric Surgery What is bariatric surgery? Bariatric surgery is a treatment used to help people with obesity manage their health and weight. Why use surgery to manage obesity? Obesity
More informationNutrition - What Should We Eat?
Nutrition - What Should We Eat? Adapted from the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans www.choosemyplate.gov Nutrition - What Should We Eat? Adapted from the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans
More informationThe food that we eat provides us with the energy we need to get us through the day. Our bodies also use that energy to perform necessary functions.
The food that we eat provides us with the energy we need to get us through the day. Our bodies also use that energy to perform necessary functions. Breathe Maintain body temperature Heart rate Digestion
More informationVIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE VIRGINDl 'IECH VIRGINDl S'Dtt.E Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Publication 348-337 August 1984 Lesson 3 Diet, Exercise, and Behavior Modification (Weight Control by Mail)
More informationABLE TO READ THE LABEL?
ARE ABLE TO READ THE LABEL? A Consumer s Guide to Navigating Food Labels Food and Drug Safety Program Consumer and Environmental Health Services Phone: 609-826-4935 Fax: 609-826-4990 http://nj.gov/health/eoh/foodweb/
More informationin the form of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals
BCS_G8_U1C02_J15 5/23/06 11:45 AM Page 64 2.2 The Digestive and Excretory Systems A healthy body requires nutrients from five groups: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. There are four
More informationMetabolic Sequelaeof Bariatric Surgery. Roula BOU KHALIL Ass. Prof of Endocrinology SGHUMC Balamand University
Metabolic Sequelaeof Bariatric Surgery Roula BOU KHALIL Ass. Prof of Endocrinology SGHUMC Balamand University OUTLINE Introduction Indications and metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery Obesity Paradox
More informationChapter 15 Food and Digestion
Chapter 15 Food and Digestion Activity: Use Qualitative Observations (5 senses) to describe: What happens when you see candy? How does it smell? How do you chomp it into smaller pieces or swallow candy
More informationVitamins. Sagda kamal eldein 30/1/
Vitamins Sagda kamal eldein 30/1/2019 0919106108 The discovery of the first vitamin was published in 1911 by a Polish biochemist, Casimir Funk. The term vitamine is derived from the words vita (meaning
More informationDietary Fat Guidance from The Role of Lean Beef in Achieving Current Dietary Recommendations
Dietary Fat Guidance from 1980-2006 The Role of Lean Beef in Achieving Current Dietary Recommendations Penny Kris-Etherton, Ph.D., R.D. Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University
More informationNutrients. Macronutrients. Micronutrients. Others. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats. Vitamins Minerals. Fiber, water
Nutrition Human Nutrition - The science of food, the nutrients and other substances contained therein, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease Normal Nutrition - caloric
More informationNutrition: Class Content, Student Questions. Fall 2011
Nutrition: Class Content, Student Questions Fall 2011 Nutrients Nutrients are substances the body needs to live Humans need six nutrients Three contain energy (calories) Three do not contain energy Energy-Containing
More informationNUTRITION FOR TENNIS PLAYERS
NUTRITION FOR TENNIS PLAYERS Getting your diet right as a tennis player can be a tricky balancing act. Not only do you have to fuel yourself for a match that could last for an hour to three (or more!),
More informationDietary advice for people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Dietary advice for people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Crohn s disease and Ulcerative colitis Information for patients Name Your Dietitian Dietitian contact number: 0118 322 7116 What is Inflammatory
More informationChewing the fat about fat!
Chewing the fat about fat! When we talk about fat, most people think of fatty foods, like fries and fatty meats. But fat is an essential nutrient. It plays an important role in the many functions that
More informationPractical recommendations for the post-bariatric surgery medical management
Practical recommendations for the post-bariatric surgery medical management Dr L. Favre CHUV Sce Endocrinologie, diabétologie et métabolisme 26.04.2018 Bariatric surgery in Switzerland Multidisciplinary
More informationVegetarian Eating. Vegetarians consuming a varied and balanced diet will have no problem getting enough protein.
Vegetarian or plant-based eating can offer many health benefits, including a reduced risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and heart disease in fact, many vegetarian communities around
More informationOnline Nutrition Training Course
Expert advice, Excellent results Online Nutrition Training Course Module 5: Vitamins and Minerals www.diet-specialist.co.uk Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
More informationNutrients Empty calorie foods DRI
Nutrients are life-sustaining chemical substances that nourish and promote the growth of the human body. No one food contains all of the nutrients necessary for the body to function effectively; therefore,
More informationTechnique. Matthew Bettendorf, MD Essentia Health Duluth Clinic. Laparoscopic approach One 12mm port, Four 5mm ports
Matthew Bettendorf, MD Essentia Health Duluth Clinic Technique Laparoscopic approach One 12mm port, Four 5mm ports Single staple line with no anastamosis 85% gastrectomy Goal to remove
More informationSupplements That Work
Supplements That Work Supplements can be confusing and expensive! Do they work? Do you need them? How should you take them? This guide is an introduction to supplements that most people need. Are supplements
More informationSaturated Fats Hydrogenated Fats BAD FATS
Prolonged Energy Foods Complex Carbohydrates Potatoes Pasta Rice Cereals Whole Grains Fruits Veggies Low Fat Proteins Beans Chicken Fish Lean Meats Remember that Saturated Fats and Hydrogenated Fats are
More informationPart 1: Cronometer Food Diary. Date. Add Food. Part 2: Cronometer Nutrition Report
This assignment has 3 parts: 1) Food Diary: Cronometer (https://cronometer.com) is a free diet analysis tool. You will record your food & beverage intake for 3-5 days. Entering your exercise is optional.
More informationEat Well, Live Well Nutritional Guidelines for those 50+ April 10, 2014 Laura Vandervet, Registered Dietitian
Eat Well, Live Well Nutritional Guidelines for those 50+ April 10, 2014 Laura Vandervet, Registered Dietitian Outline Benefits of healthy eating Meeting your nutritional requirements Using Canada s Food
More informationChapter 15 Food and Digestion
Chapter 15 Food and Digestion 15.1A Food and Energy Functions of Nutrients 1. 2. 3. 4. Calories = amt. of energy in food RDA depends on age, gender, size and activity level Types of Nutrients (includes
More informationChapter 27 & 28. Key Terms. Digestive System. Fig. 27-1, p. 443 Also known as the Gastrointestinal System (GI system)
Chapter 27 & 28 Nutrition & Fluids Key Terms Aspiration Dehydration Edema Dysphagia Gastrostomy tube Intravenous therapy (IV) Digestive System Fig. 27-1, p. 443 Also known as the Gastrointestinal System
More informationAnswering the question- Why Should You Care What You Are Eating???
Answering the question- Why Should You Care What You Are Eating??? Never eat more than you can lift. - Miss Piggy Portion Distortion 6 Main Nutrients Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates Protein Fat Keep
More informationNutrition Wars: Choosing Better Carbohydrates
Nutrition Wars: Choosing Better Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates? There are 2 main types of carbohydrates: Simple carbohydrates include sugars found naturally in fruit, some vegetables, milk and milk
More informationCHEMISTRY OF LIFE 30 JANUARY 2013
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 30 JANUARY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we will: Investigate the structure and function of molecules that are essential for life. Key Concepts Terminology A molecule is any
More information3/9/2011. I. Main nutritional requirements. WARM-UP (GRAB A SHEET ON YOUR WAY IN) TERMS STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1
(GRAB A SHEET ON YOUR WAY IN) What 7 things make up your favorite salad? (if you don t like salad pick 7 things anyway) What food group do each of them fall under? (the food groups are Grains, Vegetables,
More informationInformation Sheet. Food and Mood. Accessible information about food and mood for adults with mental health problems
Information Sheet Food and Mood Accessible information about food and mood for adults with mental health problems ? Introduction Over the years our relationship with food has become more complicated as
More informationMinerals and water. Minerals 10/23/2017
Minerals and water MAIN QUESTIONS TO ANSWER: What are some major functions of water in the body? For each mineral, what are the best dietary sources? what are the physiological functions? what are the
More informationNutrition after your pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)
Nutrition after your pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) People who have had a Whipple procedure may have different nutritional problems. This handout will help you identify and manage common nutrition
More informationViriato Fiallo, MD Ursula McMillian, MD
Viriato Fiallo, MD Ursula McMillian, MD Objectives Define obesity and effects on society and healthcare Define bariatric surgery Discuss recent medical management versus surgery research Evaluate different
More informationChapter 2. Planning a Healthy Diet
Chapter 2 Planning a Healthy Diet Principles and Guidelines Diet Planning Principles Adequacy Sufficient energy Adequate nutrients for healthy people Balance Enough but not too much kcalorie (energy) control
More informationWHAT S INSIDE. Nutrient Institute LLC. All Rights Reserved
WHAT S INSIDE Nutrient Institute LLC. All Rights Reserved Table of Contents Macronutrients PAGE 3-4 Micronutrients PAGE 5 Other Ingredients PAGE 5-6 Micronutrients PAGE 5 Bad Stuff PAGE 6-8 By Nutrients
More informationLosing weight (and keeping it off) calls for changes to how you live your life, as well as to your connection to food and exercise.
OBESITY Treatment Losing weight (and keeping it off) calls for changes to how you live your life, as well as to your connection to food and exercise. If you ve tried on your own and still find that you
More information