HEMATOPOIETIC & LYMPHATIC SYSTEM - PHYSIOLOGY - PULSE

Transcription

1 HEMATOPOIETIC & LYMPHATIC SYSTEM - PHYSIOLOGY - PULSE 1. A FEMALE WITH A BLOOD GROUP, GET MARRIED FROM A MALE WITH O BLOOD GROUP, AND THEIR SON HAS O BLOOD GROUP, SO MOTHER GENOTYPE IS: O A AB AO AA The father: ii, The mother: A?, The son: ii(one i from father and the second i is from the mother)>>so the mother genotype is: Ai=AO 2. THE STRONGEST PHAGOCYTE CELLS: Macrophage and neutrophil Macrophage and eosinophil Lymphocyte and neutrophils 3. OMAR SAWAS WENT TO EVEREST MOUNTAIN FOR ABOUT A WEEK TO CAMP THERE, HE USED TO LIVE IN ZARQA FOR ALL OF HIS LIFE, WHAT ARE CHANGE/S THAT WILL HAPPEN : Viscosity decreases Alveolar Po2 increase Hepcidin synthesis will be Reduced Decrease RBC count

2 High altitude >> less O2>> increase RBC production >> 1- Increase viscosity 2- Decreased Hepcidin synthesis. 4. POLYCYTHEMIA WILL CAUSE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT: Increase cardiac output Increase blood flow Increase viscosity POLYCYTHEMIA >>increase RBC>>increase VISCOSITY >>decreased BLOOD FLOW 5. WHICH IS WRONG ABOUT ABO SYSTEM : There is rapid hemolytic anemia against RH mediate by IG m In person with TYPE O well develop antibody against A and B You can transfer blood type A to blood type O TYPE O give to all other type, but only receive from O. 6. FAILURES OF BLOOD RETRACTION DUE TO: Low platelet count Deficiency in factor XI Other causes rather than these 7. LIVER DISEASE LEAD TO: Prolonged clotting time Vitamin k deficiency Two answer correct Clotting factor (2, 7, 9, 10) are being synthesized in the liver with the presence of vitamin k.

3 8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE INCORRECT STATEMENTS : A little amount of factor 7 is usually active, but it's not functional without tissue factor. Tissue factor binds VIIa then activate factor X. Factor IX accelerate the activation of factor X. the tissue factor is expressed on the endothelial cell surface Not sure EHSAN 9. YOU FOUND A TUBE THAT IS FILLED WITH LIQUID, BUT YOU DON'T KNOW IF IT IS PLASMA OR SERUM.WHAT SPECIFIC FINDING WILL ALLOW YOU TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PLASMA AND SERUM? Gamma globulins Beta globulins Fibrinogenc Albumin Serum = plasma- clotting factor 10. THE MAJOR CONSTITUENT OF PLASMA IS? Water Nutrients Electrolytes 11. VITAMIN B12 IS? Fat soluble vitamin Absorbed in the terminal ileum Composed of a pyridine ring Vitamin B12: is water soluble>> absorbed in the terminal ileum+ intrinsic factor

4 12. THE FALSE STATEMENT REGARDING FOLIC ACID & B12 IS? Are absorbed in the jejunum & terminal ileum respectively Folic acid treatment will improve the neurologic defects caused by B12 deficiency. Both cause megaloblastic anemia. 13. POLYCYTHEMIA EFFECTS THE HEART BY? Increasing blood volume Decreasing blood flow Decreasing blood viscosity 14. HOW DOES THE EXTRINSIC PATHWAY OCCUR? Blood trauma > prothrombin activator activates prothrombin to thrombin which will convert fibrinogen to fibrin Tissue trauma Binding of factor VIII to factor IX to form factor X 15. ALL ARE VIT.K DEPENDENT FACTORS EXCEPT? VII IX X II V Remember vitamink is needed with the factors 1972 = 10, 9, 7, REGARDING THE RH FACTOR GROUP WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT? Both Rh+ & Rh don't have anti-d in their plasma in normal conditions If blood is transfused from an Rh+ to an Rh-, antibodies will form suddenly Maximal Anti-D is found at 8-10 years of age

5 17. AB +? The person has Anti-A,B,D in his plasma No agglutinogens are present on the RBCs surface Antigens A& B are present on the RBCs surf D-Anti for positive sace and the person test. 18. ANTI-A AND ANTI-B? Are present in the plasma of an AB group Mostly IgM A person with this feature cannot receive blood from an O group 19. IRON DEFICIENCY IN THE ELDERLY IS MAINLY DUE TO? Poor diet Gastrointestinal bleeding Hemolytic anemia 20. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THE HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN? It is common in Rh- children that are born to Rh+ mothers It occurs due to antibodies forming in the blood of the fetus It is prevented by giving the mother with anti-rh after the first delivery It occurs in the first child 21. THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF VIT B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN JORDAN: Malabsorption 22. SCREENING TEST FOR PLATELET FUNCTION FOR VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE: Bleeding time

6 23. HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN: Could lead to hepatomegaly due to increase in hematopoiesis 24. VITAMIN K IS NEEDED BY THE LIVER FOR THE NORMAL SYNTHESIS OF: Prothrombin 2008\2009 QUESTION 25. WHICH ONE IS FALSE? PH of blood that is lower than 7.35 will lead to acidosis The normal production of clotting factors are in the liver A plasma is serum without clotting factor Blood viscosity is more than plasma viscosity due to RBC s presence 26. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT THE FUNCTION OF BLOOD? Body ph and body temperature regulator Removal of waste products Transport carbon dioxide from lungs to tissues Immunological functions 27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL CAUSE AN INCREASE IN VISCOSITY? Low protein concentration Temperature above normal High blood flow 7 million RBC s concentration

7 28. WHICH COMBINATION IS FALSE ABOUT THE PLACE OF RBC PRODUCTION? 2nd trimester>> Liver 4 year old child >> Long bones 1st trimester>> yolk sac 3rd trimester >> Spleen 20 year old woman>> breastbone 29. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT MEMBRANOUS BONES? Vertebrae Ileum Ribs Sternum 30. WHICH IS FALSE? IL-3 is a type of growth inducer Secretion of erythropoietin is dependent on tissue oxygenation Epinephrine increases erythropoietin secretion Erythropoietin is produced by liver and spleen 31. ERYTHROPOIETIN SECRETION WILL INCREASE WHEN THERE IS: Increase blood flow Hypoxia Anemia low hemoglobin

8 32. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES? Transport O2 in hemoglobin from peripheral tissues to the lungs Transport CO2 from the lungs to the tissues As a buffer due to high concentration of hemoglobin All 33. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE: Most of CO2 are carried from peripheral tissues to the lungs in the form of H2CO3 A normal RBC will have thickness at the edges with 2.9 micrometers Concentration of O2 carried by a men is 20 ml while a women is approximately 19ml O2. A matured RBC does not has nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria or even cytoplasmic enzymes 34. ANEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY THE FOLLOWING FACTORS EXCEPT Intrinsic factors Aplastic Anemia Expose to X-rays Blood loss 35. CHOOSE THE CORRECT COMBINATION: Megaloblastic anemia - atrophy of mucosal stomach Pernicious anemia - extrinsic factor Sickle cell anemia- Hb S Thalassemia- B12 deficiency 36. ALL ARE THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ANEMIA EXCEPT: Decrease tissue oxygenation Decrease cardiac output Heart failure

9 Increase pumping workload on the heart 37. CHOOSE THE WRONG STATEMENT: A person in high altitudes can lead himself to suffer secondary polycythemia Polycythemia vera is due to cancerous mutations of bone marrow Phagocytosis and antibodies formation are done by WBC Production side of WBC are bone marrow and lymphoid tissue Lifespan of WBC ranges from few hours, few days or few months 38. WHICH IS NOT THE FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASMIC ENZYMES? Maintain cell membrane reliability Help in protein oxidation in RBC Keep irons of cells in ferrous form Membrane ion transport 39. CHOOSE THE WRONG COMBINATION: Amoeboid motion - type of motion used to transport WBC in the peripheral tissues Diapedesis - motion used to transport WBC from capillary to the outside Fibrinogen - clotting factors found in serum Phagocytosis - a selective process 40. ALL THE FOLLOWING CAN BE FOUND IN CYTOPLASM OF MACROPHAGES EXCEPT: Superoxide Lipase Anhydrase Hydrogen peroxide Lysosomes

10 41. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMBINATION IS WRONG: Alveolar macrophages- Lungs Tissue macrophages- Spleen Histiocytes macrophages - Cutaneous tissue Microglial cells- Brain Kupffer cells- Liver 42. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE THE LINES OF DEFENSE OF WBCS EXCEPT: Neutrophile invasion Secondary macrophages Tissue macrophages Increase lymphocyte production in lymph tissue 43. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES SECRETE ALL THE FOLLOWING FACTORS EXCEPT: IL-3 TNF G-CSF M-CSF 44. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE? Pus is the formation of fluids and tissue debris along with dead WBCs Basophiles concentration is high in people with parasitic infection Heparin functions to allow blood coagulation People who take chemotherapy will have possibilities having leucopenia Basophiles are with mast cells in density, volume and molecular weight

11 45. HISTAMINE, BRADYKININ AND SEROTONIN ARE SECRETED AS SECONDARY CHANGES OF INFLAMMATION BY: Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocytes Neutrophil 46. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS FALSE? IgE allergic reactions are played by basophiles Eosinophils are weak phagocytes Leukemia is uncontrolled production and cancerous mutation of WBCs Leukemic patients will suffer severe blood clots 47. CHOOSE THE CORRECT COMBINATION: Diapedesis- WBC movement through the infected tissue Ameboid motion- Leaving blood capillary and entering tissue spaces through pores Margination - WBC sticking to interior surface of blood capillary All 48. TISSUE DAMAGE WILL ACTIVATE LOCAL MACROPHAGES AS FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AND WILL GIVE DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT REGULATE PRODUCTION RATE OF BONE MARROW. WHICH IS NOT ONE OF THEM? GM-CSF L-CSF M-CSF TNF

12 49. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS FALSE? In bleeding, reticulocytes concentration may reach 2-3% Hemoglobin formation begins in the proerythroblast stage Reticulocytes has remnants of nucleus, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum Reticulocytes remain in circulation for 1-2 days before becoming matured RBCs None 50. WHICH IS A WRONG FORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING HEMOGLOBIN? 2 alpha chains + 2 beta chains = Hemoglobin A 4 pyrrole = 4 protoporphyrin IX heme + globin = hemoglobin 2 succinyl Co-A + 2 Glycine = 1 pyrrole 51. WHICH FACTORS ARE NOT CAUSING THE RELEASING OF OXYGEN WILL BE EASY? Hemoglobin combines with oxygen reversibly Oxygen has the ability to bind the coordination bonds of iron loosely Oxygen transport happens in ionic form Hemoglobin combines with oxygen loosely 52. IRON IS IMPORTANT IN FORMATION OF ALL EXCEPT: Catalase Cytochromes oxidase Cytochromes Hydrolase Peroxidase

13 53. WHICH IS TRUE? Iron absorption happens in liver Iron helps in forming some structures of enzymes Porphyrin portion of hemoglobin will be converted to hemosiderin Iron will be deposited in an insoluble form known as tranferrin 54. SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS A TYPE OF MECHANISM OF HEMOSTASIS. IT OCCURS DUE TO: local autacoids factors local myogenic spasm pain nerve impulse All 55. PROTHROMBIN: An unstable plasma protein Formed by the liver Normal concentration is 15mg/dL and have of molecular weight All 56. WHICH IS NOT TRUE ABOUT CALCIUM? Is a factor V Deionize by citrate ion Precipitate by oxalate ion Needed for blood clotting to occur 57. WHICH IS THE MECHANISM TO PREVENT BLOOD CLOTTING? Inhibition of anti-thrombin action Reduction of heparin production

14 Presence of glycocalyx on endothelial cells All 58. WHICH CONDITION WILL NOT CAUSE EXCESSIVE BLEEDING? Hemophilia Pulmonary embolism Idiopathic thrombocytopenia Vitamin K deficiency Splenectomy 59. RIGHT EMBOLI WILL CAUSE AND LEFT EMBOLI WILL CAUSE Blood flow stasis, pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident Cerebrovascular accident, arteriosclerosis 60. CHOOSE THE WRONG COMBINATION: Factor III - tissue thromboplastin Factor IX - Fletcher factor Factor X - Stuart factor Factor XII - Hageman factor 61. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FACTORS DO NOT HAVE ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR? Factor VIII Factor IX Factor X Factor XI

15 62. PROACCELERIN, LABILE FACTOR AND AC-GLOBULIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH: Factor V Factor VI Factor VII 63. PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN ANTECEDENT (PTA) AND PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN COMPONENT (PTC) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH: Factor XI, factor IX Factor X, factor VIII Factor IX, factor VII 64. SERUM PROTHROMBIN CONVERSION ACCELERATOR (SPCA), PROCONVERTIN AND STABLE FACTORARE ASSOCIATED WITH: Factor V Factor VI Factor VII 65. ANTIHEMOPHILIC GLOBULIN (AHG) IS ASSOCIATED WITH: Factor VII Factor VIII Factor IX 66. A PERSON S BLOOD IS TAKEN AND THE RESULT SHOWS THERE IS AGGLUTINOGENS OF A & B,WHAT TYPE OF THIS PERSON S BLOOD? Type A Type B Type AB Type O

16 67. MAXIMUM TITERS OF AGGLUTININS IS REACHED AT WHAT AGE? 5 years old 9 years old 21 years old 60 years old 68. AGGLUTININS IN PLASMA ARE: Beta globulins Produced in lymph gland cells Most of them are IgD and IgG All 69. THERE ARE 6 TYPES OF RH ANTIGEN. WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON AND WHAT TYPE? D antigen, Type Rh positive C antigen, Type Rh negative E antigen, Type Rh positive E antigen, Type Rh negative 70. WHITE PEOPLE, AMERICAN BLACKS AND AFRICAN BLACKS ARE COMMON HAVING RH POSITIVE. True False 71. WHICH IS NOT FEATURE OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS? Kernicterus Jaundice Hepatosplenomegaly Spina bifida formation

17 72. WHICH IS NOT TREATMENT OF OVERCOMING IMMUNE REACTION IN TRANSPLANTED TISSUES? Azathioprine Cyclosporine tissue typing HLA Coumarins 73. CHOOSE THE CORRECT COMBINATION Autograft - from other animals Isograft - from same person Allograft - from other humans Xenograft - from identical twins 74. VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY WILL AFFECT: Factor VII Factor II Protein C Factor IX All 75. CHOOSE THE WRONG STATEMENT: Hb count, RBC count and Hematocrit in men and women are different Redness in inflammation is because of increasing permeability in blood capillary and swelling due to vasodilatation Chemical factors such as bradykinin and histamine are released from basophils and mast cells Anemia will cause the blood viscosity decrease Leukemia will cause immunity decrease