The new Nordic feed evaluation systems for dairy cows. Harald Volden, Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the NorFor project group
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1 The new Nordic feed evaluation systems for dairy cows Harald Volden, Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the NorFor project group
2
3 NorFor Plan. Based on the Norwegian AAT-model ( ). A semi-mechanistic system NorFor Evaluation. Based on Karoline (NKJ 111, ). Whole animal cow model. A mechanistic, deterministic and dynamic system
4 Background Wanted a feed evaluation system that: - Takes into account the interactions between animal characteristics, diet composition and feeding level when predicting nutritive values and animal performance Standard vs. real feed value
5 NorFor Plan To be used in ration formulation and optimization A semi-mechanistic model
6 Objectives Develop a model that integrate new knowledge of: 1. Chemical composition of feeds 2. Digestion processes in the gastro-intestinal tract 3. Microbial synthesis of organic compounds in the rumen and the large intestine 4. Efficiency of energy and amino acids utilization for maintenance, growth and milk production 5. Prediction of feed intake 6. Excretion of N in milk, urine and faeces
7 Input Feed characteristics (chemical composition and particle size) Animal characteristics (Body weight, breed, stage of lactation) Physical structure (Chewing time) Gastro intestinal tract. Nutrient calculator Nutrient digestion and metabolism Feed intake Output Nutrient supply Ration energy and protein value. Predicted milk yield, protein production, Nutrient balances in the rumen
8 Fibre Starch Rest Lipids Protein indf pdndf ist pdst sst Rest CHO FPF LI icp pdcp scp Grf. 0,5 Krf. 0,1 pdndf ist pdst sst Rest CHO LI pdcp scp 0,9 0,9 0,1 0,9 0,09 0,1 Energy and nitrogen for microbial growth 0,9 0,1 0,01 Microbial growth ist indf icp NH 3 Energy and nitrogen for microbial growth PBV Microbal growth mst mli mcp ecp UREA 4,6% av CP fôr Energy Energy Energy INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM NEL AAT Endogenous N 30% 45g/ kg KBH kd løys. / kp væske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd løys. / kp væske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd PNST / kp KRF (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kdpncp / kp KRF /kp GRF Kdløys. / kpvæske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd NDF / kp 1 + kp 2 / kp krf (NDF/lev.vekt, grf:krf) Grf. 0,7 Grf. 0,3 Krf 0,15 MCP * 0,63 0,85 0,2 0,1 0,35 0,15 0,4 30g / kg OM to duodenum + 60 g in intestine 0,5 0,73 0,95 Grf 0,65 Kkrf 0,85 Utilization Endogenous urinary-n AAT for hair and skin Gain / mobil. AAT to milk AA in milk Milk Glyserol, galaktose Krf. 0,85 KBH 38g / kg 105g / kg KBH FAECES HIND GUT SMALL INTESTINE RUMEN FEED
9 Some model interactions Sugars+starch NDF degradation rate Net energy content Roughage level Digesta passage Intake Microbial efficiency AA uptake
10 Feed fractions Soluble Potentially degradable Total indigestible Soluble Potentially degradable Total indigestible Protein NDF Starch Fermentation pr. Rest CHO Lipids Ash Amino acids Potentially degradable Totalt ufordøyelig Fatty acids
11 Ruminal degradation and passage
12 Ruminal degradation ED = kd kd + i i kp Pd i Kd Kp Liquid fractions Concentrate Protein in roughage
13 Ruminal degradation of roughage NDF kd kd MRT 1 40 % Store partikler MRT 2 Kp 1 Kp 2 60 % Små partikler Large particles Small particles ED = kd ( kd + kp 1+ 1 ( kp kd + 1 kp 2 Pd
14 Sugar and starch in the diet Influences rumen environment Rumen fermentation of NDF and and microbial growth
15 Effect of rest CHO + starch on rumen degradation of NDF NDF degradability, % "Rest CHO" + starch, g/kg dry matter
16 Effect of feed intake passage rate and rumen degradation of NDF 3 2,5 KP NDF NDF degradability Passage rate, %/h 2 1, NDF degradation, % 0, Feed intake kg DM/d 45
17 Efficiency of microbial protein sythesis 220 Efficiency, g/kg OMD kg DM 15 kg DM 20 kg DM 25 kg DM Starch+"rest CHO", g/kg DM
18 Fibre Starch Rest Lipids Protein indf pdndf ist pdst sst Rest CHO FPF LI icp pdcp scp Grf. 0,5 Krf. 0,1 pdndf ist pdst sst Rest CHO LI pdcp scp 0,9 0,9 0,1 0,9 0,09 0,1 Energy and nitrogen for microbial growth 0,9 0,1 0,01 Microbial growth ist indf icp NH 3 Energy and nitrogen for microbial growth PBV Microbal growth mst mli mcp ecp UREA 4,6% av CP fôr Energy Energy Energy INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM NEL AAT Endogenous N 30% 45g/ kg KBH kd løys. / kp væske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd løys. / kp væske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd PNST / kp KRF (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kdpncp / kp KRF /kp GRF Kdløys. / kpvæske (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) (TS/lev.vekt, grf:krf) kd NDF / kp 1 + kp 2 / kp krf (NDF/lev.vekt, grf:krf) Grf. 0,7 Grf. 0,3 Krf 0,15 MCP * 0,63 0,85 0,2 0,1 0,35 0,15 0,4 30g / kg OM to duodenum + 60 g in intestine 0,5 0,73 0,95 Grf 0,65 Kkrf 0,85 Utilization Endogenous urinary-n AAT for hair and skin Gain / mobil. AAT to milk AA in milk Milk Glyserol, galaktose Krf. 0,85 KBH 38g / kg 105g / kg KBH FAECES HIND GUT SMALL INTESTINE RUMEN FEED
19 Prediction of CP digestibility y = 1,0191x - 42,155 R 2 = 0, MPE = 5,6 % Predicted, g/dag Observed, g/dag
20 Prediction of NDF digestibility y = 0,9467x + 230,6 R 2 = 0,97 MPE = 5,9 % Predicted, g/dag Observed, g/dag
21 Prediction of organic matter digestibility y = 0,98x R 2 = 0,99 MPE = 3,9 % Predicted, g/dag Observed, g/dag
22 Consequencies for ration optimisation: Individual feeds do not have unique feeding values. Instead, these are determined by the intake level and diet composition.
23 Effect of feeding level on diet energy value 7,80 7,50 NorFor Plan Present system MJ per kg DM 7,20 6,90 6,60 6,30 5,0 7,5 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 22,5 25,0 Feed intake, kg DM/d
24 NorFor Online NorFor Offentlig adgang FMT NorFor Plan Admin National NorFor Plan National NorFor Svarsystem PC NorFor Plan Brugere NorFor Svarsystem Data Dyr & besætning Nationale Servere Webservice Webservice Webservice FMT FRB Svarsystemet Admin Brugere NorFor FMT Besætning Fodermidler FRB Analyser NorFor Servere
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