Nutraceu.cals and Your Health: Part I

Transcription

1 Nutraceu.cals and Your Health: Part I Valerie Albri>on Oakley, PharmD, FAARM, ABAAHP oakley@threeoakspharmacy.com I have no relevant financial or nonfinancial rela.onships to disclose. Objec.ves Understand the importance of a comprehensive nutraceu.cal regimen for op.mal health and wellness. Discuss the func.ons of various nutrients in the body. Iden.fy clinical manifesta.ons and/or chronic disease states associated with certain nutri.onal deficiencies. Iden.fy common prescrip.on drugs that cause nutrient deple.ons in the body. 1

2 Nutraceu.cals Defined The term nutraceu(cal is a hybrid of nutri(on and pharmaceu(cal. Defined as chemicals found as a natural component of foods or other inges.ble forms that have been determined to be beneficial to the human body in preven.ng or trea.ng one or more diseases or improving physiological performance. 82 Nutraceu.cals The RDA and the RDI assigned for vitamins and supplements are recommended to merely prevent disease. 74 These numbers are not designed to maintain op.mal health. 74 These values do not account for individual differences, gene.cs, or current disease states. h>p://wellnessnorthwest.com/images/illness- wellness- con.nuum- small.jpg 2

3 Everything Starts with the Gut The largest endocrine organ in the body 20 The GI tract is the largest blood supply in the body using 1/3 of the blood flow from the heart 75,80 70% of the human immune system is localized in the diges.ve tract % of the lymph nodes in the body are around the GI tract. 10,65,74,75,80 Metabolic ac.vity in the gut is greater than in the liver 28,74,75 Approximately 95% of the serotonin found in the body is synthesized in the GI tract 17 Signs of Poor Gut Health 75 Irregular bowel movements Chronic indiges.on Restless sleep/waking up.red Frequently cold for no reason Depression without cause Feeling stress without cause Frequent mood swings and anxiety Shakiness Increase in pulse of beats within 15 minutes aeer ea.ng Dysbiosis Microbial colonies found on or in the body are normally benign or beneficial. These colonies carry out a series of func.ons like aiding in diges.on, protec.ng the body from the penetra.on of pathogenic microbes, and detoxifica.on. Imbalance of intes.nal bacteria causes an inflammatory disease of the gut known as dysbiosis. 3

4 GI Symptoms associated with Dysbiosis Indiges.on Belching, bloa.ng, flatulence Acid reflux/heartburn/gerd Abdominal pain GI Dysfunc.on Cons.pa.on and/or diarrhea Addi.onal Symptoms associated with Dysbiosis 28,75 Frequent urina.on Depression Halitosis Anxiety Brain Fog Arthralgias Fa.gue Malaise Skin rashes Pruri.s Palpita.ons Causes of Dysbiosis 28,75 Antacids Proton Pump Inhibitors Diminished HCL Poor nutri.onal status Free Radical produc.on Stress Alcohol NSAID An.bio.cs Viruses Food allergies Yeast infec.ons Decreased enzymes 4

5 GI Mucosa Protec.ve cell layer that provides the barrier between the inside of the body and the external world 49 Responsible for nutrient absorp.on 49 Plays an important role in protec.ng the stomach from ingested toxins, drugs, alcohol, pathogens, such as infec.ous bacteria or viruses. 49 Gut- Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) Produces two layers of defense mechanisms to a foreign pathogen or an.gen: secretory IgA (siga) and systemic IgE or IgG 49 siga effec.vely prevents infec.on, neutralizes viruses, and removes an.gens before they cross the mucosal barrier and reach systemic circula.on 49 If immunologically ac.ve materials escape the siga defense, GALT ac.vates a second line of defense inducing a systemic immune response through IgE or IgG 49 Leaky Gut Syndrome Under normal condi.ons the mucosal barrier does not allow the flow of ma>er from the outside (lumen) to the inside of the body unless the ma>er goes through a protec.ve cell layer When there is damage to the lining of the bowel, permeability is increased. This allows molecules of all types the ability to go around the cells and get into circula.on, a condi.on known as intes.nal permeability or leaky gut 9,19,49,75 5

6 h>p:// Condi.ons associated with Leaky Gut Syndrome 28,75 Acne Aging Allergies/food sensi.vi.es Arthri.s Asthma Au.sm Candida infec.ons Celiac Disease Chronic Fa.gue syndrome Eczema Condi.ons associated with Leaky Gut Syndrome 28,75 Crohn s disease Fibromyalgia ADHD IBS Liver dysfunc.on Lupus Psoriasis Schizophrenia Rheumatoid arthri.s Ulcera.ve coli.s 6

7 Nutrients for Gut Health 28,75 Probio.cs Glutamine EPA/DHA Fiber Diges.ve Enzymes Querce.n An.oxidants (oxida.ve stress is one of the main causes of intes.nal damage) Vitamin A Vitamin C B complex NAC Zinc Probio.cs Microbial dietary adjuvants that beneficially affect the host physiology by modula.ng mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as improving nutri.onal and microbial balance in the intes.nal tract. 62 Probio.c func.ons 28,62,75 Make short- chain fa>y acids Specific SCFA may reduce the risk of developing gastrointes.nal disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular disease 64 Help produce diges.ve enzymes Act like natural an.bio.cs Maintain op.mal ph of intes.ne Help digest fats Help with detoxifica.on Protect against parasites Helps maintain healthy intes.nal lining Protects against food allergies 7

8 Therapeu.c Uses of Probio.cs 28,77 Cons.pa.on Lactose intolerance Flatulence Diarrhea IBS IBD Intes.nal hyperpermeability (leaky gut syndrome) Therapeu.c Uses of Probio.cs 77 Preven.on and treatment of vaginal, UTI, GI infec.ons Immune dysfunc.on Food allergies Atopic Eczema Preven.on of ETOH liver disease Recoloniza.on post- an.bio.c use Hypercholesterolemia Produce propionic acid which decreases the synthesis of cholesterol Break down bile acids Probio.cs Contraindica.ons Pt with a severely compromised immune system should not use live probio.cs since the organisms may cross the lining and be absorbed 8

9 Glutamine Most abundant amino acid in the body Shown to be depleted under condi.ons of extreme stress on the body Injuries, surgeries, prolonged stress, illness, heavy exercising, etc. Glutamine S.mulates intes.nal mucosal growth and protects from mucosal atrophy 42,57,75 Prevents intes.nal hyperpermeability 57 Plays an important role in acid- base homeostasis 6,75,86 Balances blood sugar 6 Increases energy 6,92 Improves mental alertness 6 Fueling source of the immune system 6 Immune support by increasing IL- 6 and lymphocyte func.on 57 Glutamine Increasing glutathione 57,75,91 Needed for the metabolism and maintenance of muscle 6 Elevates GH 6,85 Promotes weight loss 6 Inhibitory neurotransmi>er 6 Regula.on of muscle proteolysis and can prevent loss of protein in the muscle 54,75 Protects the body from stress 6 Neutralizes toxins 6 9

10 Querce.n Bioflavonoid found in onions, blue- green algae Shown to inhibit pathogenic bacteria while s.mula.ng the growth of beneficial bacteria, exer.ng prebio.c- like effects 47 An.oxidant and an.- inflammatory that works by decreasing mast cell and basophil produc.on 13,14,75 An.- inflammatory responses 2,13 Querce.n Promote relaxa.on of cardiovascular smooth muscle (an.hypertensive, an.arrhythmic effects) Shown to have an.viral and carcinosta.c proper.es. 2,13 Protect low- density lipoprotein from oxida.on (prevent atherosclero.c plaque forma.on) 2,13 Prevent platelet aggrega.on (an.thrombic effects) 2,13 In the beginning disease is difficult to recognize but easy to cure. In the end, disease is easy to recognize, but difficult to cure. Anton Mesmer,

11 3 Stages of Stress Stage I (Alarm Stage) Stage II (Resistance Stage) Stage III (Exhausted Stage) 11

12 Cor.sol A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex Cor.sol has many important func.ons in the body: It is responsible for proper glucose and fat metabolism Regula.on of blood pressure Insulin release for blood sugar control Immune func.on Inflammatory response Prolonged Cor.sol Produc.on 76,88 Immune suppression leading to increased number of infec.ons Feelings of fear, anxiety, worry, depression, helplessness Hyperglycemia Insulin resistance Central adiposity Hypertension Prolonged Cor.sol Produc.on 76,88 Memory impairment (hippocampal damage) Hyperlipidemia Impaired T4 to T3 conversion Inflamma.on Inadequate sleep High levels correlate with defects in serotonin transporter 12

13 Nutraceu.cals to Normalize Cor.sol Relora L- theanine EPA/DHA DHEA B complex Adaptogens Rhodiola Ashwagandha Relora Dietary supplement formula.on consis.ng of a blend of extracts of Magnolia officinalis bark and Phellodendron amurense bark Reduce cor.sol and increase dehydroandrostenedione (DHEA) levels in stressed subjects 23,36,81 Reduce feelings of stress and anxiety and enhance feelings of well- being 36,81 Reduc.on in stress- related caloric intake 36 L- theanine 35,40,53 Amino acid contained in green tea Provides a sense of relaxa.on and calmness S.mulates alpha brain waves directly promo.ng mental alertness and deep relaxa.on Plays a role in the forma.on of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmi>er) Decreases neuroinflamma.on Improves learning Decreases blood pressure Supports the immune system 13

14 Adaptogens Defini.on: Must be innocuous and cause minimal disorders in the physiological func.ons of an organism, it must have a nonspecific ac.on, and it usually has a normalizing ac.on irrespec.ve of the direc.on of the pathological state. These drugs either reduce stress reac.ons in the alarm phase or retard / prevent the exhaus.on phase and thus provide a certain degree of protec.on against long- term stress. 84 h>p://rebeldie..an.us/wp- content/uploads/2013/12/adaptogen.jpg Magnesium Essen.al element that catalyzes more than 300 enzyma.c reac.ons 74 Involved in enzyma.c pathways which control mitochondrial ATP produc.on 74,96 Overall incidence of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized pa.ents can range from 7 to 52% 4 Deficiency linked with increased CRP levels 26,41 14

15 Func.ons of Magnesium 4,74 Growth Sleep Heart func.on Wound healing Natural muscle relaxant Bone building Muscle func.on Func.ons of Magnesium 4,74,96 Decreases blood vessel constric.on Improves glucose uptake by insulin Prevents produc.on of chemicals in the body which increase inflamma.on Increases HDL Important in immune func.on Maintains normal rhythm of your heart Blocks NMDA receptors Promotes calmness Symptoms of Magnesium Loss 74 Muscle weakness Muscle cramps Muscle twitches Muscle soreness TMJ Irritability Fa.gue Depression Insomnia Confusion Memory Loss Anxiety 15

16 Vitamin D One of the cheapest and easiest interven.ons in medicine that would save the most lives and the most money. Actually not a vitamin but a hormone 71,74 Receptors are located in your bones, pancreas, intes.ne, kidneys, brain, spinal cord, male and female reproduc.ve organs, thymus, adrenal glands, pituitary, and thyroid gland. 74 Vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a pandemic. High rates of vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D deficiency: < 20 ng/ml Vitamin D insufficiency: < 32 ng/ml 25(OH)D reference range: ng/ml Consequence of Vitamin D deficiency Atleast 17 varie.es of cancer 21,22,31,71 Heart disease, stroke, HTN 16,31,71 Autoimmune disease, MS 16,31,63 Type I and II Diabetes 31,71,74 Chronic pain 16,24,32 Osteoarthri.s 16,32,37,74 Osteoporosis 16,32,71,74 Muscle weakness 16,32 Infec.ous Disease 16,31,32,71,74 16

17 Coenzyme Q10 Fat soluble nutrient Made in almost every.ssue of your body 74 The amount your body makes will decline with age 74 Func.ons as a powerful an.oxidant Mitochondrial coenzyme essen.al for the produc.on of ATP in all cells 45,74 CoQ10 Increase sperm count and mo.lity 8,44,76 Stabilizes and protects the cell membrane from oxida.ve stress 1,44 Pa.ents with periodontal disease are frequently deficient in Q10 30 Helps to stop progression of hearing loss 5,76 Enhances energy efficiency of myocytes 61 Poten.al ADR: GI distress, headache, loss of appe.te, skin rash 17

18 CoQ10 CoQ10 levels are frequently low in cancer pa.ents 76 Low levels associated with an increased risk of melanoma metasta.s 67,72 Supplementa.on of CoQ10 has been shown to extend the life span of pa.ents with breast, colon, prostate, rectal, lung, and pancrea.c cancers 50,51,66,76 Dosages of mg per day have resulted in complete regression of residual tumors in breast cancer 50,51,76 N- acetyl- cysteine (NAC) Modified version of the sulfur- containing amino acid cysteine Potent an.oxidant which reduces the forma.on of nitric oxide Regulates the inflammatory response and inhibits NF- kb 11,12,39,52 Restores glutathione levels 6,15,73 N- acetyl cysteine (NAC) Reduces synap.c glutamatergic ac.vity 46 Effec.ve in figh.ng H. pylori infec.ons 34,38 Reduces homocysteine levels 27 Shown promising results in COPD pa.ents nearly doubling the eradica.on of bacteria compared to standard therapy, while reducing the number and dura.on of COPD exacerba.ons 68,78 Ac.vity increased in the presence of adequate vitamin C and E. 18

19 Drug- Nutrient Deple.ons Beta blockers deplete the body of CoQ10 and melatonin Sta.n drugs drama.cally lower serum Co Q10 levels up to 40% 24,60,69 Give atleast 100 mg CoQ10 per day to pt on sta.n drug Sta.ns also deplete the body of folic acid, carni.ne, vitamin E, omega 3 fa>y acids, and glutathione Drug- Nutrient Deple.ons Metormin depletes the body of folic acid, vitamin B12, and coenzyme Q10 Oral contracep.ves deplete the body of B vitamins, folic acid, zinc, and selenium Estrogen replacement depletes the body of B vitamins Benzodiazepines deplete the body of melatonin SSRI s deplete the body of folic acid and melatonin Acid suppressing drugs deplete folic acid, zinc, B12, vitamin D, calcium, and iron h>p:// content/uploads/2012/05/the_doctor_of_the_future.jpg 19