Intestinal Integrity HDD Dr.Ashraf Farah

Transcription

1 Intestinal Integrity HDD 2014 Dr.Ashraf Farah 2 November 2014

2 Are all Microorganisms harmful?? The number of nonpathogenic species far exceeds the number of pathogenic species. Many of the known bacteria are useful, even essential for the continued existence of life on earth. Beneficial group of Microorganisms are those inhibit the GUT of animals. 2

3 Factors affecting the composition of the gut microflora Age Diet Environment Stress Medications 3

4 More than 50 genera and at least 500 to 1000 different species are distributed along the length of the GIT. The dominant organisms in numbers are anaerobes ( bacteroides, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, streptococci and lactobacilli) Enterobacteria may be found in fewer number. Lactobacilli is the predominate organism in young birds. Bifidobactererium dominates in old bird. 4

5 Newly hatched chick Get Bacteria from the surface of the eggshells GUT becomes rapidly colonized by bacteria with the max. densities being reach within the first 5 d after hatching Bacteria don t live independently of other sp. But interact and depend on other and their host in many ways. 5

6 The presence of normal gut microflora improve the metabolism of the host Absorptive capacity Protein metabolism Energy metabolism and fiber digestion Energy conversion Gut maturation Helps educate the immune system Assembly of the gutassociated lymphoid tissue. 6

7 Defense mechanism The difficult task of the defense mechanism of the intestinal tissue is to allow close contact with the friendly commensal bacterial community while recognizing and fighting pathogenic bacteria. 7

8 BIRDS HAVE SEVERAL MECHANISMS TO RESTRICT BACTERIAL GROWTH PRODUCTION IN S. INTESTINE Chemical inhibition (acid & bile) Highly competitive rate of nutrient absorption (large absorptive surface & active transport) High passage rate of digesta (washout of free bacteria) Continuous sloughing of the epithelial cells and mucus. (washout of adhered bacteria) Immunological defense mechanisms (IgA production) 8

9 Salmonella A food poisoning problem 99,020 confirmed cases of human salmonellosis in the EU in ,000 cases of salmonellosis are reported in the USA Gastro-intestinal illness Infection mainly caused by animal food products Economic burden of human salmonellosis USD 4 billion a year Trade barriers Gram-negative bacteria Family Enterobacteriaceae Multiplying at 7-45 C in a ph range

10 Increasing antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella Multiple antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains are increasing 48% in 2002 to 72% in

11 So instead of controlling Salmonella... We need to elminate Salmonella... 11

12 Salmonella reduction targets - poultry Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 Species Legislation Reduction target Breeding flocks (poultry) EC 1003/2005 Max 1% positive flocks by 31 Dec S. enteritidis, hadar, infantis, typhimurium & virchow Laying hens EC 1168/2006 Max 1% positive flocks by 31 Dec Annual min. percentage reduction of positive flocks 10% if the prevalence in the preceding year < 10%; 20% 10-19% 30% 20-39% 40% > 40% Salmonella enteritidis & typhimurium Broilers EC 646/2007 Max 1% positive flocks by 31 Dec Salmonella enteritidis & typhimurium Turkeys Baseline study (from Oct. 2006) 12

13 Actions implemented at slaughterhouse Logistic slaughtering & processing Logistic slaughtering of broiler chickens: Information about salmonella status of broiler flock Positive flocks slaughtered at the end of the day Negative flocks slaughtered at the beginning Positive flocks will be reprocessed and treated by thermal process. Logistic cutting of poultry carcass: Information about salmonella status of poultry carcass batch Positive batch processed at the end of the day Negative batch processed at the beginning Positive chicken cut up parts, will be reprocessed and treated by thermal process.

14 So we have to protect our chickens! 14

15 Proven to work 15

16 Salmonella infection route in poultry Feed Water Animal Environment Oral uptake Multiplication crop Attachment mucosa Intestinal multiplication Systemic infection Invasion enterocytes Excretion via faeces Gall-bladder Liver Spleen Lungs 16

17 Gut Health Knowledge pathogenesis infections Harage, 2008 Pathogen specific solutions 17

18 Stop growth and kill Organic acids with high bacteriostatic properties to disturb metabolism (Van Immerseel 2006) Fysal Fit-4: mode of action Inhibit invasion Butyrate and MCFA to down-regulate virulence genes (Van Immerseel 2004 & 2006) Stop growth and kill MCFA to destabilize cell membrane (Van Immerseel 2004) Block adhesion Mannobiose to block binding of Salmonella to gut wall (Agunos 2007) 18

19 Steering intestinal health 4 levels strategy for animal protection against Salmonella 1. Prevent bacterial intake 2. Microbiota management 3. Improve intestinal barrier 4. Immunomodulation 19

20 Fysal Fit-4 Multiple barriers to control Salmonella 20

21 Fysal Fit-4: Multiple barriers to control Salmonella 1: Free organic acids 1) Organic Acids: Organic acids with high bacteriostatic properties to disturb bacterial metabolism and reduce bacterial intake. (Van Immerseel 2006) Nutreco R&D

22 Fysal Fit-4: Multiple barriers to control Salmonella 2: Mannobiose Stimulate IgA secreation at mucosa (Ibuki 2010) 2) Mannobiose block binding of Salmonella to enterocytes, prevent colonization (Agunos 2007) 22

23 Fysal Fit-4: Multiple barriers to control Salmonella 3: Buffered and slow release organic acid salts 3) Stimulate Bifidobacterium 3) Reduce Salmonella overgrowth Nutreco R&D

24 Fysal Fit-4: Multiple barriers to control Salmonella 4: Target release Butyrate / MCFA 24

25 Results of integrated approach 25

26 Example economic value proposition to integrator 26

27 Fysal Fit-4 improves technical performance Commercial field trial Netherlands 2010: 2 cycles field trial 4 houses, broilers Fysal Fit-4 tested in different houses (2:2) in contrast to control Feed Conversion Ratio Feed Conversion 1500 gr Control group ,21 Fysal Fit-4 Group 1,56 1,17 27

28 Drinking Water Quality MINERAL / ELEMENT Maximum Level (mg/l) Remarks Ammonium < 1,0 Manure Nitrite < 0,1 Toxic Nitrate < 100 Manure Chloride < 100 Water intake Salt (Na) < 350 Water intake Iron < 0,5 Taste/ Tubes Manganese < 1,0 Tubes Sulfate < 100 Diarhea Sulfite < 0 Diarhea Hardness ( 0 D) < 15 Tubes 28

29 Microbial Maximum level Maximum Level E. coli (cfu / ml) < 100 Total plate count (cfu/ml) <

30 RESEARCH ON WATER QUALITY FOR BROILERS (Spelderholt, Centre of Poultry Research) Comparing differend types of drinker systems for broilers on enterobacteria Samples where taken in week 2. Results: CFU/ gram Bell drinker: Swish Cup: Nipple drinker: 10 Drip Cup drinker:

31 RESEARCH ON WATER QUALITY FOR BROILERS Sample PH Yeasts and Moulds Enterobacteria Nipple 6.9 < Nipple Nipple < 10 Nipple Nipple Nipple Problem level > >

32 32

33 NIPPLES 33

34 3 mm Water level 34

35 Bio-film Formation 35

36 36

37 PRACTICAL RESULTS BROILERS (HOLLAND 2000) Farm: broilers in 4 houses Problems: on day 30 always streptococci problem medication needed every round Selko Advice: Selko -ph is dosed during the whole fattening period: 1,5 litre / 1000 litre water 37

38 Results HOLLAND 2003 Round Selko-pH days weight fcr fcr growth mort production medication yes/ no gram 1500 gram/day % nr. costs fl/ broiler 95 no fl no fl no fl no fl 0.06 Av. without S-pH fl yes fl yes fl 0.04 Av. with S-pH fl 0.04 Difference fl Remarks: Costs of Selko-pH are included in costs for medication. 38

39 South African broiler trial 39

40 S.Africa Trial ROSS & HUBBARD commercial broiler farm in South-Africa. Day 11 the Selko-pH treatment was started, dosed at 2.0 L/1000 L drinking water, up to the end of the cycle day 35. Both breeds were treated identical, due to the difference in performance between the breeds the results were split up per breed. Group 1: Control group Ross, no treatment. Group 2: Ross group with Selko-pH. Group 3: Control group Hubbard, no treatment. Group 4: Hubbard group with Selko-pH. 40

41 The effect of Selko-pH on the technical performance of ROSS & HUBBARD Group 1: Ross control Group 2: Ross SelkopH difference with control Group 3: Hubbard control Group 4: Hubbard Selko-pH difference with control Mortality 5.01% 4.61% 7.98% 7.41% 5.72% 22.81% Feed conversion ratio % % Av. weight (kg) % % PEF* % % 41

42 The effect of Selko-pH on Financial performance per broiler: Group 1: Ross Control Group 2: Ross Selko-pH Group 3: Hubbard control Group 4: Hubbard SelkopH Selko-pH cost R 0,00 R 0,11 R 0,00 R 0,11 Broiler cost R 3,00 R 3,00 R 3,00 R 3,00 Feed cost R 10,60 R 10,27 R 9,28 R 8,61 Revenues R 17,97 R 18,10 R 16,64 R 16,67 Profit per broiler R 4,37 R 4,72 R 4,36 R 4,95 Total Profit per group R R R R Additional profit per group R R ROI

43 CONCLUSION Technical results with application of Selko-pH in both Ross and Hubbard: Strong decrease in mortality. Lower feed conversion ratio. Increased final weight. Higher PEF. Financial results with application of Selko-pH in both Ross and Hubbard: Up to 25 % increased value per broiler on Selko-pH. 43

44 lowers bacterial load at slaughterhouse % Salmonella Positive Effect of Selko ph on Crob and Carcass contamination at Slaughterhouse Control Selko ph 3 day's for Slaughter Crop Carcass 44

45 Selko ph in combination with water soluble medication Colistine good/ synergistic Peniciline good Lincospectin good Vitamin sup. good/ synergistic OTC/ CTC good/ synergistic Doxycycline moderate Enrofloxacine separate dosing Trimethoprim Sulfa separate dosing Ampiciline separate dosing 45

46 Selko-pH supports intestinal integraty... 46

47 Selko ph can be administrated At placement, to suppress colonization of pathogens and promote beneficial microflora. During challenge periods throughout the growing period to minimize pathogens blooms. 5 days prior to processing to reduce pathogen load All are done as part of a comprehensive program of pathogen reduction and performance enhancement. 47

48 48

49 49

50 Thank you