1. An experiment was set up to test the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram below.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: 1. An experiment was set up to test the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram below. Data were collected by counting gas bubbles released in a 5-minute period when the light source was placed at various distances from the experimental setup. The data are shown in the table below. The number of bubbles released when the light source is at a distance of 38 centimeters would most likely be closest to A) 6 B) 10 C) 13 D) 22 Page 1

2 2. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a model cell setup. The locations of three different substances are indicated in the diagram. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen after several minutes? A) The contents of the model cell will change color. B) The model cell will shrink. C) The model cell will rupture. 3. Red onion cells undergo the change represented in the diagram below. This change is most likely caused by the cell being transferred from A) distilled water to salt water B) salt water to tap water C) salt water to distilled water Page 2

3 4. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes? A) Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B. B) Solution A will contain all of the water molecules. C) Solution B will remain unchanged. D) Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A. Page 3

4 5. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A student observers a red onion cell with a compound light microscope using low, then high power. The two views are represented below. Which diagram represents where the cell should be located in the low-power field of view to be sure the entire cell will be visible after switching to high power? A) B) C) D) Page 4

5 6. A model cell setup is represented in the "Initial State" diagram below. Which diagram indicates the area where each of these substances would be located after 20 minutes? A) B) C) D) Page 5

6 7. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a microscope and on your knowledge of biology. 9. The diagram below represents the letter "h" as seen in the low-power field of view of a compound light microscope. Which diagram best represents the field of view if the slide is not moved and the objective is switched to high power? A) B) While viewing a specimen under high power, a student noticed that the specimen was out of focus. Which part of the microscope should the student use to obtain a clearer image? A) A B) B C) D 8. Which sequence contains the correct order of steps for a student to follow to observe the nucleus of protozoa in a stained wet mount, using a compound light microscope? C) D) 10. The diagram below represents a wet mount of a protist as seen under a compound microscope. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 If the protist swims toward the left side of the slide, which diagram represents the image that will be observed through the microscope? A) B) C) D) Page 6

7 11. The diagram below shows an ameba moving out of the high-power field of view of a compound microscope in the direction indicated by the arrow. What should be done to center the ameba in the field of view and focus it sharply? A) Move the slide to the right, and refocus with the fine adjustment. B) Move the slide to the right, and refocus with the coarse adjustment. C) Move the slide to the left, and refocus with the fine adjustment. D) Move the slide to the left, and refocus with the coarse adjustment. 12. Base your answer to the following question on the investigation described below and on your knowledge of biology. Twelve bean plants were used to study the effect of nutrients on the rate of plant growth. All the plants used in this investigation were initially the same height. Starting on day 1, six of the bean plants (Group A) were given 30 milliliters of distilled water every day for seven consecutive days. Starting on the same day, the other six bean plants (Group B) were given 30 milliliters of distilled water containing 0.1 gram of fertilizer every day for seven consecutive days. The average daily change in height of the plants in each group is shown in the data table below. The independent variable in this investigation was the A) number of bean plants in each group B) amount of water given daily to each plants C) initial height of each bean plant D) amount of nutrient fed to each group of bean plants Page 7

8 13. An experiment was carried out to determine which mouthwash was most effective against bacteria commonly found in the mouth. Four paper discs were each dipped into a different brand of mouthwash. The discs were then placed onto the surface of a culture plate that contained food, moisture, and bacteria commonly found in the mouth. The diagram below shows the growth of bacteria on the plate after 24 hours. Which change in procedure would have improved the experiment? A) using a smaller plate with less food and moisture B) using bacteria from many habitats other than the mouth C) using the same size paper discs for each mouthwash D) using the same type of mouthwash on each disc 14. Which substance could best be used to determine the relative acidity of a solution? A) Fehling's solution B) Benedict's solution C) ph paper D) methylene blue 15. Part of a laboratory procedure is shown in the diagram below. This setup would most likely be involved in a procedure to A) stain specimens while making a wet mount B) test for the presence of glucose using an indicator C) separate pigments in a mixture D) determine the ph of solution Page 8

9 16. Students in a science class took their pulse rates before and after they ran in place for one minute. The class data showed that pulse rates increased with exercise. A graph of the data would look most like A) B) C) D) 17. A student is examining a specimen with a compound microscope. Some of the steps she takes are listed below. 19. Which cellular organelle is represented by the diagram below? A Focus under high power using the fine adjustment. B Center the specimen under low power. C Scan the field of view under low power. D Focus under low power using the coarse adjustment. E Adjust the diaphragm opening. What sequence of steps should the student follow? A) A-E-B-C-D B) D-E-B-C-A C) C-E-D-B-A D) C-E-B-A-D E) A-E-D-C-B 18. The diagram below shows how a coverslip should be lowered onto some single-celled organisms during the preparation of a wet mount. A) cell wall B) molecules C) cell membrane D) protein Why is this a preferred procedure? A) The coverslip will prevent the slide from breaking. B) The organisms will be more evenly distributed. C) The possibility of breaking the coverslip is reduced. D) The possibility of trapping air bubbles is reduced. Page 9

10 20. The diagram below represents changes in the sizes of openings present in leaves as a result of the actions of cells X and Y. The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to A) maintain homeostasis by controlling water loss B) store excess heat during the day and remove the heat at night C) absorb light energy necessary for cellular respiration D) detect changes in the biotic factors present in the environment 21. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place. What is Process A called? A) photosynthesis B) dehydration synthesis C) aerobic respiration Page 10

11 Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph illustrates the growth curves for two types of bacteria (A and B) under differing ph values. 22. A growth medium at ph 6.5 supports approximately what concentration of bacteria A? A) 15 million/100 ml B) 25 million/100 ml C) 35 million/100 ml D) 45 million/100 ml 23. Which conclusion concerning bacteria A and bacteria B can correctly be drawn from the data provided in the graph? A) They could not coexist in the same medium. B) Their optimum ph values are different. C) Bacteria A grows at a faster rate than bacteria B. D) Bacteria A is larger than bacteria B. Page 11

12 Base your answers to questions 24 through 26 on on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagrams represent two different cells and some of their parts. The diagrams are not drawn to scale. 24. Which statement best describes these cells? A) Cell B lacks vacuoles while cell A has them. B) DNA would not be found in either cell A or cell B. C) Both cell A and cell B use energy released from ATP. D) Both cell A and cell B produce antibiotics. 25. Identify the organelle labeled X in cell B. 26. Identify an organelle in cell A that is the site of autotrophic nutrition. Page 12

13 Base your answers to questions 27 and 28 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The Enzyme Catalase Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that breathe or are exposed to oxygen. According to recent scientific studies, low levels of catalase may play a role in the graying process of human hair. The body naturally produces hydrogen peroxide, and catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen. If there is a dip in catalase levels, hydrogen peroxide cannot be broken down. This causes hydrogen peroxide to bleach hair from the inside out. Scientists believe this finding may someday be used in anti-graying treatments for hair. A pharmaceutical company, investigating ways to prevent hair from turning gray, took tissue samples from two different individuals. Both individuals were the same age. Each of the samples was placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen gas produced was measured every 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The data the company collected are shown below 27. According to the data provided, which person, A or B, is more likely to be the first to have gray hair? Support your answer. Person: 28. If the temperature of the tissue samples used in the experiment had been raised from 37 C (body temperature) to 50 C, the results would have been different because A) more enzymes are produced at higher temperatures, increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide B) more hydrogen peroxide is released at higher temperatures, increasing the activity of catalase C) increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production D) increasing temperatures decreased the synthesis of amino acids, increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide Page 13

14 29. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The data table shows the concentrations of oxygen in parts per million (ppm) present in freshwater and seawater at various temperatures. Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis. Page 14

15 30. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology. The laboratory setups represented below were used to investigate the effect of temperature on cellular respiration in yeast (a single celled organism). Each of two flasks containing equal amounts of a yeast-glucose solution was submerged in a water bath, one kept at 20 C and one kept at 35 C. The number of gas bubbles released from the glass tube in each setup was observed and the results were recorded every 5 minutes for a period of 25 minutes. The data are summarized in the table below. Page 15

16 Identify the gas that would be produced by the process taking place in both laboratory setups. Page 16

17 31. An experiment was carried out to determine how competition for living space affects plant height. Different numbers of plants were grown in three pots, A, B, and C. All three pots were the same size. The data collected are shown in the table below. Analyze the experiment that produced the data shown in the table. In your answer be sure to: state a hypothesis for the experiment identify one factor, other than pot size, that should have been kept the same in each experimental group identify the dependent variable state whether the data supports or fails to support your hypothesis and justify your answer 32. Base your answer to the following question on Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. You are the head of the research division of the Leafy Lettuce Company. Your company is experimenting with growing lettuce using hydroponic technology. Hydroponic technology involves growing plants in containers of growth solution in a greenhouse. No soil is used. The growth solution that the company uses contains water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The company wants to know if adding iron to this formula will improve lettuce growth. Briefly describe how to test the effect of the formula with iron added. In your description, be sure to: state the problem state a hypothesis to be tested in the new experiment state how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group identify two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control groups state what type of data should be collected to support or refute the hypothesis Page 17

18 Base your answers to questions 33 through 37 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The presence of air is believed to be important for root growth in bean plants. The apparatus available to conduct an investigation is shown below. There are enough bottles and other materials to have multiple setups. Air (for aeration) can be bubbled into the bottle through the rubber tube. Design an experiment to test the effect of aeration on the growth of roots of bean seedlings. In your answer, be sure to: 33. State one reason why several different kinds of seedlings were not tested in this experiment. 34. State one reason why many setups should be used in both the experimental and control groups. 35. Identify the dependent variable in the experiment. 36. Describe how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group. 37. State one hypothesis the experiment would test. Base your answers to questions 38 through 41 on the spaces provided. Daphnia are freshwater organisms sometimes referred to as "water fleas." Design an experiment that could be used to test the effects of temperature on the size of a daphnia population. In your experimental design, be sure to: 38. Identify the type of data that will be collected. 39. Identify the independent variable in the experiment. 40. Describe how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group. Page 18

19 41. State a hypothesis to be tested. 42. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram illustrates an investigation carried out in a laboratory activity on diffusion. The beaker and the artificial cell also contain water. Predict what would happen over time by showing the location of molecules I, G, and S in diagram B above. 43. State one reason why a molecule may not be able to pass into or out of a cell. 44. The diagram below represents a green plant cell viewed with the high power of a compound light microscope before and after a particular substance was added. Identify a substance that could have been added to the slide to bring about the change shown. Page 19

20 45. The diagram below represents a laboratory setup used to demonstrate the movement of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. In the diagram below, draw the 5 starch and the 12 glucose molecules to show where they would most likely be located after 15 minutes. 46. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell and its changes as a result of two laboratory procedure. A and B. Explain why procedure B has the opposite effect of procedure A. Page 20

21 47. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. A wet mount of red onion cells as seen with a compound light microscope is shown below. In the space below, sketch what cell A would look like after the addition of the salt. 48. Base your answer to question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific functions and interact to maintain homeostasis. The diagram below represents a typical cell with three cell structures labeled 1, 2, and 3. Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write its number on the answer sheet. Explain how the cell structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell. In your answer, be sure to: identify the cell structure you selected state one function of this cell structure identify one substance that is often associated with the cell structure you selected and state how that substance is associated with the cell structure identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure you selected to maintain homeostasis in the cell Page 21

22 49. Base your answer to the following question on the statement below. The work of a cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles. Most of these molecules are proteins. Explain how the cell is able to make the many different proteins it needs. Identify both the cellular structure that assembles these proteins and the kinds of molecules that are used as the building blocks of the proteins 50. The table below lists enzymes that function in different locations in the human body, and the temperature and ph ranges of these locations. Different enzymes are secreted in each of the three locations. Ptyalin digests carbohydrates. Pepsin and trypsin both digest proteins. Discuss the activity of these enzymes. In your answer, be sure to: state how the activity of pepsin will most likely change after it moves with the food from the stomach to the small intestine support your answer using data from the table state how a fever of 40 C would most likely affect the activity of these enzymes and support your answer identify the characteristic of enzymes that prevents ptyalin and trypsin from digesting the same type of food 51. Cardinals are birds that do not migrate but spend the winter in New York State. Many people feed these birds sunflower seeds during the winter months. Explain how the starches present in the sunflower seeds help the cardinals to survive. In your answer, be sure to: identify the building blocks of starches identify the process used to produce these building blocks state one way cardinals use these building blocks to survive Page 22

23 52. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex. organ cell organism organelle tissue Base your answers to questions 53 through 55 on the diagrams below of two cells, X and Y, and on your knowledge of biology. 53. Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y that is not carried out in cell X. 54. State one function of the organelle that you identified in the previous question. 55. Select one lettered organelle and write the letter of that organelle in the space below. Identify the organelle you selected. 56. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below that represents a human enzyme and four types of molecules present in a solution in a flask. Which molecule would most likely react with the enzyme? Why? Page 23

24 57. Data from two different cells are shown in the graphs below. Which cell is most likely a plant cell? Support your answer. 58. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Poison ivy is a weed that grows in New York State. It synthesizes an oil, urushiol, that causes skin rashes. Researchers have found that if poison ivy grows in an environment that contains an increased concentration of carbon dioxide, the plants grow larger, faster, and produce more urushiol. Because carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are rising, poison ivy might become a hazard to people who work or vacation outdoors. Identify one safety precaution that should be taken during the experiment and explain why it is necessary 59. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of a compound light microscope below and on your knowledge of biology. What is the total magnification of this microscope using the high-power objective lens? Show your calculations! Page 24

25 Base your answers to questions 60 through 64 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A chemical known as fertex affects external fertilization of sea urchin eggs. An experiment was set up using three tanks to investigate the effect of fertex. Each tank had a different concentration of fertex: 1%, 2%, and 3%. Ten sea urchin eggs and 2 ml of sea urchin sperm were added to each of the three tanks. A fourth tank was set up as a control. 60. State one example of the type of data that should be collected during the experiment. 61. Identify the independent variable in the experiment. 62. State one way to improve the validity of the experimental results. 63. Identify two factors that must be kept the same in all four tanks. Factor 1: Factor 2: 64. State one way the contents of the control tank would differ from the contents of the three experimental tanks. 65. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A student grew ten tomato plants from seed. After three weeks, the heights of the ten plants were measured in centimeters (cm). The results are shown below. Organize the data by completing both columns in the data table below, so that the height of the plants increases from the top to the bottom of the table. Page 25

26 66. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A biological class conducted an experiment to determine the rate of respiration of yeast in bread dough at various temperatures. Bread dough will rise due to the production of carbon dioxide by the yeast present in the dough. An equal amount of dough was placed in the bottom of each of five graduated cylinders. Each cylinder was then placed in a different water bath to maintain a particular temperature. A diagram of the setup is shown below. The amount of expansion of the dough in each cylinder was measured after 15 minutes. The result are shown in the data table below. Page 26

27 Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points. Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A laboratory procedure involving a microscope slide is represented in the diagram below. 67. State the purpose of the paper towel labeled B. 68. Identify one specific substance represented by the liquid in A. 69. State one purpose for this procedure. 70. Base your answer to the following question on the word equations below and on your knowledge of biology. The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1. Process 1: oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + X Process 2: carbon dioxide + water oxygen + glucose Identify the molecule represented by letter X in process l. Page 27

28 71. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The Control of Transpiration Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants. Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the rate of transpiration, but the size of each stomate opening can be regulated. Reducing the size of the openings during drought conditions may help reduce the dehydration and wilting that would otherwise occur. A leaf may lose more than its own weight in water each day. Transpiration also lowers the internal temperature of the leaf as water evaporates. On hot days, temperatures in the leaves may be from 3 to 15 C cooler than the outside air. With stomates open, vital gases may be exchanged between the leaf tissues and the outside environment. Researchers have also found many plants that use another response when leaf temperatures rise. Special molecules known as heat shock proteins are produced by plant cells and help to hold enzymes in their functional shapes. Explain why it is important for plants to "hold enzymes in their functional shapes." 72. The diagram below represents one metabolic activity of a human. 74. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a unicellular organism in a watery environment. The s represent molecules of a specific substance. Letters A and B are best represented by which row in the chart? 73. In a laboratory investigation, a student weighed each of several genetically similar mice and then placed them in separate cages, where they received identical diets. Half of the mice were given additional amounts of selected amino acids. After 4 weeks, the mice were all weighed and compared. Using one or more complete sentences, state a hypothesis being tested in this investigation. Arrow A represents active transport. State two ways that active transport is different from diffusion. Page 28

29 Base your answers to questions 75 and 76 on the information and diagram below. The diagram represents a system in a space station that includes a tank containing algae. An astronaut from a spaceship boards the space station. 75. State two changes in the chemical composition of the space station atmosphere that would result from turning on more lights. 76. State two changes in the chemical composition of the space station atmosphere as a result of the astronaut coming on board the space station. Page 29

30 Answer Key Midterm Review II 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. ribosome 26. chloroplast 27. because their tissue sample produced a lower amount of oxygen, indicating a lower amount of catalase They have less catalase than person B because less oxygen is being released. They have less catalase so more peroxide is present. 28. C CO2 or carbon dioxide. 31. (essay) 32. (essay) 33. This experiment was done to test the presence of air on root growth in bean seedlings only. There should be only one variable. 34. Many setups provide more data for drawing a valid conclusion. so your conclusion will be valid 35. number of roots length of roots rate of root growth 36. The control group will have no aeration. No air will be pumped through the rubber tube. 37. Roots of bean plant seedlings grown in aerated nutrient solution will grow faster than roots of seedlings grown without aeration of the nutrient solution. Bubbling air into the nutrient solution will lead to more root growth. If air is bubbled into the nutrient solution, then the roots will grow more rapidly. Air is important for root growth in bean plants. 38. change in the number of daphnia in the population number of daphnia at each temperature 39. Identifying the independent variable in the experiment as temperature. 40. The control group will be at normal temperature for the species. The control group will be at normal freshwater pond temeperature, while the experimental groups will be at other temperatures. 41. As temperature increases, the daphnia population decreases. Temperature has an effect on the size of a daphnia population. If the temperature decreases, then the size of the daphnia population decreases too large to pass through the cell membrane no receptor site faulty receptor site molecule is charged 44. salt salt solution In procedure B, distilled water is added to the cell. The distilled water goes into the cell and restores the cytoplasm to the normal size. Process B is to add distilled water to dilute the salt water. Water will move into the cell and fill it back up. Procedure B adds a new substances that causes water to reenter the cell (essay) 49. Ribosomes construct proteins out of amino acids. Ribosomes use amino acids to assemble proteins. Ribosomes use amino acids.

31 Answer Key Midterm Review II 50. Pepsin will either stop functioning or slow down. This is because the ph range in the small intestine is 7.5 to 9.0 and pepsin normally functions at 1.0 to 3.0. A fever of 40 C could slow/stop enzyme functioning, since these enzymes work best at around 37 C. Ptyalin and trypsin cannot both digest the same type of food because enzymes are specific. They have different shapes. 51. identifying the building blocks of starches (simple sugars; glucose) identifying the process used to produce these building blocks (photosynthesis; digestion; synthesis) stating one way cardinals use these building blocks to survive: (as an energy source; as a building unit for some cell parts) 52. organelle cell tissue organ organism 53. Examples: photosynthesis production of cellulose produces chlorophyll producing its own food 54. Examples: A (cell membrane) regulates what enters and leaves the cell. B (nucleus) controls cell activities or contains the genetic codes. (Do not accept brain or control center without further explanation.) C (mitochondrion) respiration or energy release or production of ATP (Do not accept power house without further explanation.) 55. Examples: A cell/plasma membrane or B nucleus or C mitochondrion. 56. Molecule D will most likely react with the enzyme because Molecule D is the only one that fits the shape of the enzyme. 57. Example: - Cell 1, because it contains chloroplasts. - Cell 1, because it has a cell wall. 58. Wear gloves to avoid exposure to the oil (urushiol). Wear goggles to protect your eyes from the oil. Avoid direct contact with poison ivy to avoid getting a rash percent of fertilization in each tank over time number of eggs fertilized at end of experiment number of sea urchins that develop/grow in each tank 61. amount of fertex percent of fertex concentration of fertex 62. increase the sample size repeat the experiment have more tanks for each concentration 63. amount of water temperature of water salinity of water amount of light time sperm and eggs remain in water size of tanks amount of sperm the number of eggs 64. The control tank would not contain any fertex, while the experimental tank would contain fertex. The control tank would have no fertex The paper towel will soak up liquid from under the coverslip and draw the stain under the other side of the coverslip. The paper towel will make the salt water flow over the cells. It is to draw the distilled water under the coverslip. 68. a salt solution, a stain/iodine, salt water that is to be added to the specimen, water/distilled water 69. It can add a liquid to the slide without removing the coverslip. This procedure is used to add stain to a specimen on a slide. It is used to add salt water to cells on the slide. It is for adding distilled water to red onion cells. 70. ATP or adenosine triphosphate

32 Answer Key Midterm Review II 71. If the shape of an enzyme changes, it may not function or it may function differently-. Key activities may slow down or stop. The shape of an enzyme determines its function The amounts of certain amino acids in the diet of mice will affect their weight. 74. Examples: Active transport requires the use of energy by the organism. or Diffusion does not require the use of energy by the organism. In active transport, molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration of those molecules. or In diffusion, molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration of those molecules. 75. Examples: increase in oxygen level decrease in the CO2 level 76. Examples: an increase in the level of water vapor an increase in the CO2 level a decrease in the O2 level

33 Answer Key Midterm Review II 31. Examples: Competition decreases plant height. Competition increases plant height. Competition has no effect on plant height. Examples: same potting soil (type or amount) environmental conditions (sunlight, H2O) type of plant Examples: height size Examples: The data supports my hypothesis because the plants in the pot with the greatest number. The data does not support my hypothesis because the plants in pot C (20 plants) were shorter than the plants in pot A (5 plants). The data did not support my hypothesis because the number of plants in the pot did affect the heights of the plants. 32. Adding iron to the hydroponic solution will improve the growth of lettuce. The control group should be grown in the solution that the company uses, which contains water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, while the growth solution for the experimental group should contain water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. the intensity of light or the number of plants in the experimental and control groups or any other scientifically correct answer the height of the plants or the mass of the plants or the total leaf area of the plants [Note: Growth can only be accepted if attached to a measurable quantity.] 48. Structure 1 ribosome site of protein synthesis amino acid used to make proteins nucleus the ribosome gets instructions from the nucleus determining which proteins are produced by the cell Structure 2 nucleus control of cell processes DNA makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus ribosome nucleus sends instructions to ribosomes for protein synthesis Structure 3 mitochondrion site of energy release/cell respiration ATP produced in the mitochondrion cell membrane allows glucose to enter cell and be used by the mitochondrion for energy release