Biology I Honors EOC Exam Review: metabolism

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Biology I Honors EOC Exam Review: metabolism 1. One type of anaerobic respiration results in the production of a. water and oxygen c. nitrogen gas and ammonia b. pyruvic acid and glycerol d.

1 Biology I Honors EOC Exam Review: metabolism 1. One type of anaerobic respiration results in the production of a. water and oxygen c. nitrogen gas and ammonia b. pyruvic acid and glycerol d. alcohol and carbon dioxide 2. The synthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. This process uses energy supplied by a. ATP c. CO2 b. PGAL d. O2 3. The use of CO2 and H2O by a geranium plant to synthesize glucose illustrates the process of a. autotrophic nutrition c. protein production b. heterotrophic nutrition d. carbohydrate hydrolysis 4. Which substances are metabolic waste products? a. carbon dioxide, water, urea c. glucose, water, oxygen b. carbon dioxide, water, sugar d. oxygen, water, protein 5. The diagram to the right represents some chemical events that take place in one type of autotrophic nutrition. What is this process? a. carbon dioxide production c. energy absorption b. glucose consumption d. lactic acid fermentation 6. The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes by salivary glands of the grasshopper is an adaptation for a. autotrophic nutrition c. aerobic respiration b. heterotrophic nutrition d. anaerobic respiration 7. The formation of lactic acid in human muscle cells is most closely associated with a. muscle fatigue c. an increase in alcohol consumption b. protein synthesis d. an increase in glucose production 8. Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram below? a. growth c. regulation b. respiration d. excretion 9. Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees? a. nitrogen c. carbon dioxide b. oxygen d. methane Base your answers to the next 2 questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. the diagram represents some processes occurring in the leaf of a plant. 10. Which equation illustrates a process of nutrition carried out within the leaf? a. B + D --> A + C b. A + C --> B + D c. B + C --> A + D d. A + B + D --> B + C 11. Which letters indicate substances needed by the leaf to carry out the process of aerobic cellular respiration? a. A and C b. C and D c. B and C d. B and D

12. True or False. All producers and consumers use the process of respiration to synthesize. 13. The fermentation of glucose by yeast normally yields what products (list all products!). 14.

2 12. True or False. All producers and consumers use the process of respiration to synthesize. 13. The fermentation of glucose by yeast normally yields what products (list all products!). 14. The stomata on a saguaro cactus must open to let in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When each stoma opens, however, water can escape from the plant. How does the saguaro minimize the loss of water when stomata open? a. Guard cells open and close the stomata rapidly during the day to let as little water as possible escape. b. Guard cells open the stomata only at night, when the air temperature is cooler and the humidity somewhat higher. c. Guard cells always keep the stomata open slightly, so that carbon dioxide can flow in but very little water can flow out. d. The saguaro has fewer stomata than any other plant, an adaptation that prevents water loss through transpiration. 15. Cells use sugars to produce energy through several different processes. Which process would provide the most energy for cell functions? a. glycolysis c. aerobic respiration b. aerobic fermentation d. anaerobic fermentation 16. Cellular respiration can be divided into two different biochemical processes: aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Which of the following is the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? a. Aerobic respiration forms lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. b. Aerobic respiration forms lactic acid in the presence of oxygen. c. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen. d. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen. 17. Running for a long period of time, such as during a marathon, can result in muscle fatigue. Which process is important to a runner at the end of a marathon? a. the electron transport chain to produce ATP b. the Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH2 c. alcoholic fermentation to release carbon dioxide d. lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP without oxygen 18. The chemical equations that sum up photosynthesis and cellular respiration have many of the same substances because these two processes are interrelated. Which two substances are the products of one of these processes and the reactants of the other process? a. oxygen and water c. carbon dioxide and water b. glucose and water d. carbon dioxide and glucose 19. Latecia conducted an experimental investigation of the gas production of a water plant. She placed a beaker upside down over a water plant submerged in water and collected the gas that the water plant produced when kept in sunlight, as pictured to the right. After several days, a large bubble of gas collected in the upside-down beaker. Given that the gas came from the water plant, what are the contents of the bubble of gas collected in the test tube? a. The gas contains one of the products of respiration, oxygen b. The gas contains one of the products of photosynthesis, oxygen c. The gas contains one of the products of respiration, carbon dioxide d. The gas contains one of the products of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide 20. Daphnia is a small water invertebrate that is almost transparent. Like all animals, Daphnia require chemical energy to live. It uses structures called gills to extract oxygen from the water to help it obtain chemical energy. Which statement below describes how they obtain chemical energy? a. Daphnia absorb glucose from algae and then use fermentation to release chemical energy in the form of ATP. b. Daphnia absorb pyruvate from algae and then use gluconeogenesis to release chemical energy in the form of ADP. c. Daphnia absorb glucose from algae and then use cellular respiration to release chemical energy in the form of ATP. d. Daphnia absorb glucose from algae and then use cellular respiration to release chemical energy in the form of NADP.

3 27. Complete a cause and effect chain describing the process of photosynthesis. 28. Create a cause and effect chain describing the process of cellular respiration.

22. ATP provides the energy needed to carry out many cell functions. Which of the following processes does not require ATP? a. making more ATP c. muscle contraction b.

4 22. ATP provides the energy needed to carry out many cell functions. Which of the following processes does not require ATP? a. making more ATP c. muscle contraction b. active transport of protein across a membrane d. passive transport of oxygen across a cell membrane 23. The diagram below shows the cycling of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. What are the possible effects if water (H2O) is eliminated from this cycle? a. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration will continue at a normal rate. b. Photosynthesis would stop and cellular respiration would continue at a normal rate. c. Photosynthesis would slow down and the rate of cellular respiration would increase. d. Photosynthesis would stop and cellular respiration would slow down and eventually stop. The students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the first experiment, the students observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with different ph values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The graph below shows the students results for the two experiments. 24. Which of the following statements best describes an effect of ph on the functioning of salivary amylase? a. Salivary amylase functions most effectively at a ph of about 4. b. Salivary amylase functions most effectively at a ph of about 7. c. Salivary amylase cannot break down starch into maltose at ph values less than 7. d. Salivary amylase breaks down protein instead of starch at ph values greater than An enzyme is at an optimum ph and temperature. What is another way that you could catalyze the reaction? a. Increase the ph b. Increase the temperature c. Increase the activation energy d. Increase the concentration of enzyme

5 Use the diagram below to answer the next 3 questions. 5. Two molecules of ATP are needed in equation A so that a. oxygen is added to hydrogen in glucose b. energy needed to activate this reaction is provided c. energy needed to trap radiant energy is provided d. glucose is split into hydrogen and oxygen atoms 6. What does letter Y represent? a. enzymes c. light and chlorophyll b. hemoglobin d. water and minerals 7. What is the combined net gain of ATP molecules at the completion of reactions A and B? a. 36 c. 2 b. 34 d What is required for glycolysis to take place? What does glycolysis produce? 9. What is required for Kreb cycle to take place? What does the citric acid cycle produce? 10. What is required for the electron transport chain to take place? What does the chemiosmosis produce? 11. What is required for the light reactions to take place? What do the light-dependent reactions produce?

6 12. What is required for dark reactions to take place? What does the Calvin cycle (or light-independent reactions) produce?

Releasing Food Energy

Releasing Food Energy All food is broken down by the body into small molecules through digestion. By the time food reaches your, bloodstream it has been broken down into nutrient rich molecules that can