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1 Contents 1 Bones and Bone Tissue... 1 The Function of Bones and of the Skeleton... 2 Bone as a Structural Support... 4 Bone as an Organ of Storage... 6 Regulation of Bone Structure and Calcium Metabolism... 6 Functional Bone Remodeling Normal Anatomy and Histology Macroscopic Structure TheBloodSupplyofBone Histological Structure of Bone Bone Cells Endochondral Ossification Cartilaginous and Joint Structures Disorders of Skeletal Development General The Classification of Skeletal Dysplasias Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (Ribbing-MuÈller Disease) Congenital Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia (Type: Spranger-Wiedemann) Thanatophoric Dwarfism Asphyxiating Thoracic Dysplasia (Jeune's Disease) Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld Disease) Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV (Morquio's Disease) Mesomelic Dwarfism (Robinow's Fetal Face Syndrome) Tricho-rhino-pharyngeal Dysplasia Cleido-cranial Dysplasia Achondroplasia (Chondrodystrophia fetalis) Chondrodystrophy Rickets Hypophosphatasia Osteopetrosis (Albers-SchoÈnberg Disease, Marble Bone Disease) 54
2 XXIV Contents Osteogenesis imperfecta Fibrous Bone Dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein) Arachnodactylia Pfaundler-Hurler Dysostosis Enchondromatosis (Ollier's Disease) Osteochondromatosis Osteoporoses and Osteopathies General Involutional Osteoporosis Immobilization Osteoporosis Cushing's Osteoporosis Osteodystrophy Osteomalacia Renal Osteopathy Aluminum-induced Osteopathy Sudeck's Atrophy (Sympathetic Reflex Dystrophy, SRD) Osteoscleroses General Fluorosis Hypoparathyroidism Osteitis deformans (Paget) Osteomyelosclerosis Melorheostosis Osteopoikilosis Fractures General Types of Bone Fracture Normal Uncomplicated Fracture Healing Complications of Bone Fractures Pathological Bone Fractures Inflammatory Conditions of Bone General Paronychia (Panaritium Ossale) Osteomyelitis of the Jaws Osteomyelitis in Infants Osteomyelitis in Children Acute Purulent Osteomyelitis in Adults Chronic Osteomyelitis Brodie's Abscess Plasma Cell Osteomyelitis Non-purulent Sclerosing Osteomyelitis (GarreÂ)
3 a Contents XXV Tuberculous Osteomyelitis BCG Osteomyelitis Boeck's Sarcoidosis of Bone (JuÈngling's Ostitis Cystoides Multiplex) Syphilitic Osteomyelitis (Syphilis of Bone) Typhoid Osteomyelitis Bang's Osteomyelitis (Osteomyelitic Brucellosis) Fungal Osteomyelitis Echinococcosis of Bone Inflammatory Periostitis Ossificans Traumatic Periostitis Ossificans Ossifying Periostosis Due to Impairment of the Blood Supply Tumorous Ossifying Periostosis Osteoarthropathie hypertrophiante pneumique (Pierre Marie-Bamberger) Bone Necroses General The Normal Blood Supply of Bone Idiopathic Bone Necroses Femoral Head Necrosis Anemic Bone Infarction Caisson Disease Spontaneous Bone Necroses Perthes' Disease KienboÈck's Disease (Lunatomalacia) Causal Bone Necroses Radiation Bone Necroses Post-traumatic Bone Necrosis Inflammatory Bone Necrosis Metabolic and Storage Diseases General Gout Amyloidosis of Bone Diabetic Osteopathy Gaucher's Disease Ochronosis Bone Granulomas General Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' histocytosis): Eosinophilic Bone Granuloma (ICD-O-DA-M-4405/0) Hand-SchuÈller-Christian's Disease
4 XXVI Contents Abt-Letterer-Siwe's Lipoid Granulomatosis (Erdheim-Chester Disease) Membranous Lipodystrophy (Nasu's Disease) Malignant Histiocytosis (ICD-O-DA-M-9720/3) Reparative Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws (ICD-O-DA-M-4413/0) Giant Cell Reaction of the Short Tubular Bones (ICD-O-DA-M-4411/0) Bone Tumors General Cartilaginous Tumors Osteochondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9210/0) Subungual Osteocartilaginous Exostosis Enchondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9220/0) Periosteal (Juxtacortical) Chondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9221/0) 224 Proliferating Chondroma Chondroblastoma (ªCodman's Tumorº) (ICD-O-DA-M-9230/0) 226 Chondromyxoid Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9241/0) Chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9220/3) Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Clear-Cell Chondrosarcoma Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9240/3) Periosteal and Extraskeletal Chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9221/3) Osseous Bone Tumors Introductory Remarks Osteoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/0) Osteoid Osteoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9191/0) Osteoblastoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9200/0) Aggressive Osteoblastoma Bone Island (Compact Island) Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/3) Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9183/3) Small Cell Osteosarcoma Epithelioid Osteosarcoma Intraosseous Well-Differentiated Osteosarcoma Parosteal Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9190/3) Periosteal Osteosarcoma High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Paget's Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9184/3) Postradiation Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/3) Bone Sarcomas in Bone Infarcts
5 a Contents XXVII Fibrous Tissue Bone Tumors Introductory Remarks Non-ossifying Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-7494/0) Xanthofibroma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8831/0) Fibromyxoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8811/0) Metaphyseal Fibrous Cortical Defect (ICD-O-DA-M-7491/0). 314 Fibroblastic Periosteal Reaction (ICD-O-DA-M-4900/0) Ossifying Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9262/0) Osteofibrous Bone Dysplasia (Campanacci) Fibrous Bone Dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein) (ICD-O-DA-M-7491/0) Desmoplastic Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-8823/1) Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8832/0) Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8830/3) Fibrosarcoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8810/3) Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (Osteoclastoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9250/1) Osteomyelogenous Bone Tumors Introductory Remarks Osseous Lipoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8850/0) Osseous Liposarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8850/3) Medullary Plasmocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9730/3) (Multiple Myeloma) Ewing's Sarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9260/3) Malignant Lymphoma of Bone (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Reticulum Cell Sarcoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9640/3) Osseous Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease, Malignant Lymphogranulomatosis) (ICD-O-DA-M-965/3) Leukemia (ICD-O-DA-M-9800/3) Malignant Mastocytosis (Mast Cell Reticulosis, Systemic Mastocytosis) (ICD-O-DA-M-9741/3) Vascular Bone Tumors (and other Bone Tumors) Introductory Remarks Hemangioma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-9120/0) Hemangiosarcoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-9120/3) Adamantinoma of the Long Bones (ICD-O-DA-M-9261/3) Chordoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9370/3) Neurogenic Bone Tumors Osseous Neurinoma (Neurolemoma, Schwannoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9560/0) Osseous Neurofibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9540/0) Neuroblastoma (Sympathicoblastoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9490/3) 388
6 XXVIII Contents Muscular Bone Tumors Osseous Leiomyoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8890/0) Osseous Leiomyosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8890/3) Malignant Osseous Mesenchymoma Bone Metastases Tumor-like Bone Lesions Introductory Remarks Juvenile Bone Cyst (ICD-O-DA-M-3340±4) ªCementomaº of the Long Bones (ICD-O-DA-M-9272/0) Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ICD-O-DA-M-3364±0) Intraosseous Ganglion Subchondral Bone Cyst Calcaneus Cyst Intraosseous Epidermal Cyst Degenerative Joint Diseases General Arthrosis Deformans Osteochondrosis Dissecans Degenerative Lesions of the Meniscus Traumatic Lesions of the Meniscus Degenerative Changes in the Vertebral Column Inflammatory Joint Diseases General Rheumatoid Arthritis Non-specific Spondylitis Spondylarthritis Ankylopoetica (Bechterew's Disease) Non-specific and Specific Arthritis Tumorous Joint Diseases General Synovial Chondromatosis (ICD-O-DA-M ) Lipoma arborescens (Diffuse Articular Lipomatosis) Localized Nodular Synovitis Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (ICD-O-DA-M ) Synovial Sarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9040/3) Parosteal and Extraskeletal Lesions General Ganglion Chronic Bursitis Baker Cyst De Quervain's Tendovaginitis Stenosans
7 a Contents XXIX Benign Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Myositis Ossificans Extraosseous Osteosarcoma Extraosseous Chondrosarcoma Tumorous Calcinosis ThibieÁrge-Weissenbach Syndrome Examination Techniques General Scope of Radiological Procedures for Examining the Skeleton Macroscopic Specimens Bone Biopsy Techniques Histological Preparation Frozen Sections (Rapid Examination) Semithin Sections Fixation Embedding in Plastic Bone Decalcification and Paraffin Embedding Tissue Staining Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry Histomorphometry Microradiography Cytophotometry of Bone Tumors References Subject Index Origin of Specimens Illustrated in this Book
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