Chapter 2. Personality & Self-Esteem

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 Personality & Self-Esteem

2 Get into groups of no less than 3 no more than 5

3 Brainstorm PERSONALITY SELF-ESTEEM List as many words under each term that help to explain each term

4 Create a group definition of personality & self-esteem

5 Create a list of as many personality traits as your group can think of

6 On your warm-up sheet, write 4 sentences about how someone would describe your personality

7 Personality & Mental Health Chapter 2 Section 1

8 Chapter 2.1 Personality & Mental Health Objectives: -Describe personality and identify common personality traits -Identify personality traits associated with a mentally healthy person -Identify nonthreatening ways of being assertive

9 Personality Consists of unique combination of traits that make you an individual Includes behaviors, attitudes, feelings and ways of thinking

10 Describing Personality Extroverts are friendly and outgoing Introverts are less outgoing and their thoughts are directed inward

11 Describing Personality Optimists are people who focus on the positive side of things Pessimists are people who look at the negative and expect the worst Realist are people who accept a situation as it is and is prepared to deal with it accordingly.

12 Describing Personality Assertive people are able to stand up for themselves and express their feelings in a NONTHREATENING way Passive people hold back their feelings and will yield to others Aggressive people communicate their ideas and feelings in a forceful and THREATENING way

13 The Healthy Personality Psychologists are people who study the human mind and behavior Mental health is the state of being comfortable with yourself, with others and your surroundings

14 People who are mentally healthy are: Realistic about their strengths and weaknessness Able to take on the responsibilities of life Caring towards themselves and others Able to handle disappointment and learn from it Able to feel enjoyment and a sense of achievement Mentally healthy people tend to be friendly, optimistic, loving, assertive and strive to be the best they can

15 How is Personality Formed Some traits appear to be inborn while others are shaped by their environment All traits are influenced by a combination of both heredity and environment

16 Heredity Psychologist aren t sure which traits are influenced by heredity and which aren t Some evidence indicated that traits such as shyness and aggressiveness may be inherited as well as talents, such as musical or artistic abilities

17 Environment Most personality traits are modified by a person s environment Remember environment includes: Friends Family members School Culture

18 Environment Modeling is the copying of the behavior of others An example is a child learning to be respectful of older adults by observing their parents behavior toward the grandparents

19 Environment Friends who are about the same age and share similar interests are known as a peer group. Gives you a chance to learn about yourself and to get along with others

20 T H E O R I E S O F P E R S O N A L I T Y C H A P T E R 2 S E C T I O N 2

21 CHAPTER 2.2 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Objectives: -Describe several key ideas associated with Freud s theory of personality development -Identify the ways in which advertising is targeted at teenagers

22 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY 3 important theories of personality were proposed by: Freud Erikson Maslow

23 SIGMUND FREUD Said that the personality is made up of the id, ego and the superego Id consists of biological urges such as hunger and thirst Ego is the thoughtful, decision-making part of the personality Superego is the part of the personality that judges right and wrong, your conscience

24 SIGMUND FREUD Stated that people s minds operate at 2 levels of thought: Conscious Thoughts Thoughts of which a person is aware Unconscious Thoughts Thoughts of which a person is not aware Forgotten childhood event

25 ERIK ERIKSON Believed that an individual s personality continues to be influenced by experiences beyond childhood Devised an eight-stage theory of personality development

26 Erikson s Eight Stages of Development Age Stage Important Task Birth to 18 Months Trust vs Mistrust Feeding 18m-3 years Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt Potty Training 3-6 years Initiative vs Guilt Independence 6-12 years Industry vs Inferiority School years Identify vs Role Confusion Adolescence Young Adulthood (20-40) Intimacy vs Isolation Love relationships Middle Adulthood (41-64) Generativity vs Stagnation Parenting Late Adulthood (65 to death) Ego Integrity vs Despair Reflections on Life

27 IDENTITY VERSUS ROLE CONFUSION years Called search for identity Teen seeks sense of self and raises questions about sex, religion and their role If questions aren t answered, confusion results

28 ABRAHAM MASLOW American psychologist that stated that everyone has a basic drive to achieve his or her fullest potential Self-Actualization is the process by which each person strives to be all that they can be

29 ABRAHAM MASLOW He studied people who he believes to have attained selfactualization including: Abraham Lincoln Albert Einstein Eleanor Roosevelt Personality Traits of Self-Actualized People Realistic, Accepting, Independent, Self-sufficient, Appreciative of life, concerned about humankind, capable of loving others, fair, unprejudiced, creative, hardworking and not afraid to be different

30 ABRAHAM MASLOW Heirarchy of Needs is the order in which a person s needs must be met Pyramid with self-actualization on top Maslow found few people ever reach their full potential. If basic needs aren t met, the person doesn t have the energy to pursue higher needs

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32 Self Esteem CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3

33 Objectives Define self-esteem and identify important influences on it Explain the link between self-esteem and health Identify ways to improve self-esteem

34 Self-Esteem Self-esteem is how much you like yourself and feel good about yourself What does high self-esteem look like? What does low self-esteem look like?

35 Self-Esteem People with high self-esteem: accept themselves for who they are have a realistic view of their strengths and weakness maintain a positive attitude even if they fail at a task

36 Self-Esteem People with low self-esteem: Have a negative opinion of themselves Judge themselves harshly Worry too much about what others think of them Put on an act in public and hide their insecurities Fear of failure and looking bad may prevent them from trying new things

37 Self-Esteem and Your Health More than any other factor, self-esteem has a direct effect on all aspects of your health- mental, social and physical Most psychologists agree that low self-esteem can contribute to many of the serious health problems affecting teens today More likely to use drugs, drop out of school, become pregnant and suffer from eating disorders

38 How Self-Esteem Develops Your sense of self-esteem begins to develop when you are young Kids need support and encouragement from family members to develop a sense of self-worth Need chances to succeed at small things to become able and confident individuals

39 How Self-Esteem Develops Self-esteem is influenced by the larger world around you including: Television Magazines Advertisements Messages about appearances, gender, cultural group and MORE

40 How Self-Esteem Develops Who influences your self-esteem as you get older??

41 Improving Self-Esteem Take inventory or your strengths and weaknesses Select friends who support and encourage you Avoid dwelling on defeat, try to find the positive from it and move on Practice good health habits Don t just go with the crowd! Set goals for yourself Avoid negative things Do something nice for others

42 EXPRESSING EMOTIONS Chapter 2 Section 4

43 6 COMMON EMOTIONS Love Anger Fear Guilt Happiness Sadness

44 WHEN EXPERIENCING A STRONG EMOTION Put a name to the emotion Determine what triggered it Think back to past times you felt the same way

45 A COPING STRATEGY is a way of dealing with an uncomfortable or unbearable feeling or situation

46 DEFENSE MECHANISMS are the ways people defend themselves against difficult feelings

47 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Compensation Making up for weaknesses in one area by excelling in another area

48 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Rationalization Making excuses for actions or feelings

49 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Denial Refusing to recognize the existence of an emotion or problem

50 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Reaction Formation Behaving in a way opposite to the way you re feeling

51 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Projection Putting your own faults onto another person

52 COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS Regression Returning to immature behaviors to express emotions

53 COPING STRATEGIES Confront the situation head-on and deal with it Release built up energy by being active taking a walk, exercising, cleaning, etc Take a break by reading a book, being creative

54 HARMFUL WAYS OF COPING Using alcohol Using drugs Acting out in a violent way Withdrawing from family and friends

55 Personality disorders Chapter 2 Extension

56 Personality Disorders When someone has a great difficulty dealing with other people. They tend to be: Inflexible Rigid Unable to respond to the changes and demands of life.

57 Personality Disorders Although, they feel that their behavior patterns are normal or right, people with personality disorders tend to: o Have a narrow view of the world o Find it difficult to participate in social activities Typically recognizable by adolescence or earlier, continue throughout adulthood, and become less obvious throughout middle age.

58 Dissociative Identity disorder Not considered a personality disorder but rather a mental health disorder Previously referred to as multiple personality disorder It is a severe form of dissociation, a mental process which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity.

59 Dissociative Identity disorder Likely caused by many factors, including severe abuse during early childhood (usually extreme, repetitive physical, sexual or emotional abuse)

60 Dissociative Identity disorder Characterized by: Presence of 2 or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over the person s behavior The alters or different identities have their own age, sex, or race. Each has his or her own postures, gestures, and distinct way of talking. Sometimes the alters are imaginary people; sometimes they are animals.

61 Paranoid Personality disorder A person who suffers from this will interpret the actions of others as deliberately threatening or demeaning People with paranoid personality disorder are untrusting, unforgiving, and prone to angry or aggressive outbursts without justification because they perceive others as unfaithful, disloyal, condescending or deceitful. May be jealous, guarded, secretive, and scheming Can appear to be emotionally cold or excessively serious

62 Narcissistic personality disorder A person who suffers from this will have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, are absorbed by fantasies of unlimited success and seek constant attention Oversensitive to failure Prone to extreme mood swings between selfadmiration and insecurity, these people tend to exploit interpersonal relationships.

63 Obsessive compulsive personality disorder -Compulsive personalities are conscientious and have high levels of aspiration, but they also strive for perfection. -Never satisfied with their achievements, people with compulsive personality disorder take on more and more responsibilities. -They are reliable, dependable, orderly, and methodical, but their inflexibility often makes them incapable of adapting to changed circumstances. -People with compulsive personality are highly cautious, weigh all aspects of a problem, and pay attention to every detail, making it difficult for them to make decisions and complete tasks.

64 Antisocial personality disorder -People used to be called either psychopath or sociopath -A person who consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of other -These people tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference -Show no guilt or remorse for their behavior -May lie, behave violently or impulsively and have problems with drug and alcohol use.

65 Psychopath -Researchers generally believe that psychopaths tend to be born- it s likely a genetic predisposition -Research has shown psychopaths have underdeveloped components of the brain commonly thought to be responsible for emotion regulation and impulse control -They have a hard time forming real emotional attachments with others. Instead they form artificial, shallow relationships designed to be manipulated in a way that most benefits the psychopath

66 Psychopath -Psychopaths rarely feel guilt regarding any of their behaviors, no matter how much they hurt others When a psychopath engages in criminal behavior, they tend to do so in a way that minimizes risk to themselves. They will carefully plan criminal activity to ensure they don t get caught, having back-up plans in place for every contingency

67 Sociopath Researchers tend to believe that sociopathy is the result of their environmental factors, such as a child or teen s upbringing in a very negative household that resulted in physical abuse, emotional abuse, or childhood trauma Tend to me more tend to be more impulsive and erratic in their behavior than their psychopath counterparts

68 Sociopath Unlike psychopaths, most sociopaths don t hold down longterm jobs or present much of a normal family life to the outside world. When a sociopath engages in criminal behavior, they may do so in an impulsive and largely unplanned manner, with little regard for the risks or consequences of their actions. They may become agitated and angered easily, sometimes resulting in violent outbursts. These kinds of behaviors increase a sociopath s chances of being apprehended.