Introduction to Physiological Psychology Psych 260

Transcription

1 Introduction to Physiological Psychology Psych 260 Kim Sweeney Emotion n rational vs. emotional 1

2 The brain is a complicated place McGurk Effect n ba da ga va tha Sound-Induced Illusory Flash n beep n beep beep n n If what you hear can influence what you see n And what you see can influence what you hear n Perhaps what you feel might influence some other aspect of cognition? 2

3 Psychology n Positive Thinking Greater life satisfaction (Schwarz & Clore, 1983) More likely to help, more generous (Isen, 1970) Better judgments of neutral possessions (Isen, 1978) More likely to think outside the box (Isen, 1987) Thinking when feeling positive Fredrickson & Branigan,

4 Thinking when feeling positive More words from longer word (Smith & Larsen, 1989) More (unusual) associations (Isen, 1985) Broader, more inclusive categories (Isen, 1992, Murray, 1990) Better at Remote Associates Test (RAT) (Isen, 1987) worm, shelf, end BOOK n Affective Neuroscience: What brain structures are involved in processing affect and emotional stimuli? n Psychology: What are emotions and moods? What effect does affect have on behavior? n But, there is relatively little neuroscientific research on how affect influences cognition. 4

5 Questions n Does being in a mood affect cognition? n If so, how? n I look at language processing specifically non-affective language processing. Why language? n Well, for one thing, I was in a language-y lab! n But also 5

6 Event Related Potentials (ERPs) Event Related Potentials (ERPs) 6

7 P300- Amplitude. Surprise! Beep. Beep. Beep. Beep. BOOP. Beep. Beep. Semantic Relationships and the N400 n Sensitive to semantic processing n Sensitive to semantic categorization desk _ kiwi + apple ms 7

8 Camel Ice Cream Car Vehicle Plane Train Apple Feet Elevator Mood affects CATEGORIZATION The N400 is sensitive to semantic CATEGORIZATION 8

9 In CATEGORIZATION we would expect to see effects of mood on the amplitude of the N400 Categorization and the N400 A kind of fruit desk _ + kiwi apple 9

10 Stimuli n 60 each of five sentence types: High Typicality A kind of fruit: apple Low Typicality A kind of fruit: kiwi Non Member A kind of fruit: desk Correct Opposite The opposite of black: white Incorrect Opposite The opposite of black: way Experiment 1 Timeline Happy Mood Induction Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Time 10

11 Experiment 1 Timeline Sad Mood Induction Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Categories and Opposites Time The A Yes opposite kind pineapple out or of No? fruit of in 11

12 10 Female Participants- Positive Mood 10 Female Participants- Negative Mood 12

13 * Non- Member A kind of fruit: desk Incorrect Opposite The opposite of black: way Low Typicality A kind of fruit: kiwi High Typicality A kind of fruit: apple Correct Opposite The opposite of black: white Five Sentence Types * 13

14 Context Matters Remote Associates Task (RAT) n right, cat, carbon copy n Participants in a positive mood solve more moderately difficult RATs. (Isen, 1987) n Participants in a positive mood judge more RAT triads as solvable, and more non-rat triads as not solvable. (Bolte et al., 2003) 14

15 flower dress sun dial flower dress sun dial 15

16 Remote Associates Stimuli n 136 Word Puzzles Clue Words cottage cake swiss Target cheese Solution Remote Associates Stimuli n 136 Word Puzzles Clue Words cottage cake swiss Target desk Non-Solution 16

17 Remote Associates Stimuli n 136 Word Puzzles Clue Words cottage cake swiss Target mouse (cheese) Non-Solution (related) Remote Associates Experiment n Music & Picture mood induction n Compare positive and negative moods 17

18 Mood induction: A series of pictures selected from the IAPS and music pieces different in valence BUT matched for arousal Experiment Timeline MR Music And Pictures MR RAT Music And Pictures MR RAT MR MR = Mood Rating RAT= Remote Associates Task Time 18

19 Experiment Timeline MR Music And Pictures MR RAT Music And Pictures MR RAT MR MR = Mood Rating RAT= Remote Associates Task Time Experiment Timeline RAT fish mine rush + gold bee comb dew ms 500 ms ~300ms 500ms 2000ms 9500ms 500ms Time 19

20 Mood Induction Results- PANAS negative positive * * * Baseline Mood Induction 1 Mood Induction 2 Experiment End Negative/Positive Positive/Negative Error bars= SEM 20

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22 The Sweet Spot n Isen (1987) Participants in a positive mood solved more moderately difficult RAT items. n Experiment 1 Participants in a positive mood showed reduced N400 amplitude to the low typicality items. 22

23 Relatedness Value cottage cake swiss cheese 0.65 Relatedness Value n 44 Low Relatedness: 0 n 46 Medium Relatedness: n 46 High Relatedness:

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25 Conclusions n Moods influence semantic categorization. A positive mood facilitates access to distantly related items. n Moods affect ability to make creative associations. A positive mood facilitates recognition of moderately related RAT solutions. Mood Matters 25