Human Emotion. Psychology 3131 Professor June Gruber
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1 Human Emotion Psychology 3131 Professor June Gruber
2 Human Emotion What is an Emotion?
3 QUESTIONS?
4 William James To the psychologist alone can such questions occur as: Why do we smile, when pleased, and not scowl? Why are we unable to talk to a crowd as we talk to a single friend? Why does a particular maiden turn our wits upside-down? James, W. (1982). Psychology - Briefer course. New York: Henry Holt. New edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1961.
5 William James The common man can only say: "Of course we smile, of course our heart palpitates at the sight of the crowd, of course we love the maiden. And so, probably, does each animal feel about the particular things it tends to do in the presence of certain objects... James, W. (1982). Psychology - Briefer course. New York: Henry Holt. New edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1961.
6 Roadmap Theories of emotion Components Classification Expert Interview
7 Roadmap Theories of emotion Components Classification Expert Interview
8
9 Theories of Emotion Timeline Ancient Greek Enlightenment Darwin William James James-Lange Cannon-Bard Schachter-Singer Lazarus
10 Theories of Emotion Timeline Ancient Greek Hippocrates: 4 Humors Aristotle: Moderation principle
11 Getting angry or sad is easy and anyone can do it; but doing it... in the right amount, at the right time, and in the right way is not easy, nor can everyone do it. - ARISTOTLE, Nicomachean Ethics, 11.9, 1109a27
12 Theories of Emotion Timeline Enlightenment Descartes Spinoza Hume
13 Theories of Emotion Timeline Evolutionary Approach Expression of Emotions in Man & Animals Darwin Emotions evolutionarily evolved, serve survival purpose
14 Immediately a bestseller of it s time (over 5,000 copies) 1st Scientific Treatment of Emotion Includes survey data Observations of healthy and mentally ill individuals Personal anecdotes (e.g., grief expressions in Darwin s own family after death)
15 Darwin s Three Principles
16 Darwin s Three Principles I. Principle of Serviceable ( Useful ) Habit
17 Darwin s Three Principles II. Principle of Antithesis
18 Dacher Keltner-
19 Darwin s Three Principles III. Principle of Involuntariness ( Nervous discharge )
20 Theories of Emotion Timeline William James Physiological Approach Emotions secondary to physiological phenomenon FEAR
21 Theories of Emotion Timeline The perception of bodily James-Lange states, as they occur, is the emotion. FEAR
22 Theories of Emotion Timeline Physiological responses Cannon-Bard alone cannot explain emotion experience. FEAR
23 Theories of Emotion Timeline Schachter-Singer 2-factor theory of emotion Appraisal of physiological experience defines and determines the emotion experience. Stage 1 Stage 2 FEAR
24 LANGE BARD JAMES- CANNON- SCHACHTER- SINGER Stage 1 Stage 2 FEAR FEAR
25 Theories of Emotion Timeline Cognitive Theory Cognitions (judgments, evaluations, thoughts) necessary for emotions to occur Lazarus FEAR
26 Roadmap Theories of emotion Components Components Classification Expert Interview
27 Valence: Positive, Negative, or Neutral Eliciting or intentional object Multi- Component Response Components of Emotion Enables pursuit of important goals
28 Multi- Component Response SUBJECTIVE BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGICAL
29 What is an Emotion: A Broader View BEFORE EMOTION EMOTION AFTER EMOTION Cognitive appraisal: Action tendencies: provides an evaluation of events and objects a motivational component for the preparation and direction of motor responses
30 6 features of an Emotion 1. Brief 2. Unbidden 3. Cross-Species 4. Coherent 5. Fast 6. Automatic appraisal/evaluation Paul Ekman UCSF
31 6 features of an Emotion? Is this a sufficient explanation? Brief Unbidden Cross-species Coherent Fast Automatic appraisal/evaluation
32 What an emotion is not MOOD FEELING AFFECT
33 What an emotion is not PERSONALITY COGNITION TRAIT
34 Roadmap Theories of emotion Components Classification Expert Interview
35 Basic / Discrete Dimensional THEORY Emotions as discrete categories, biologically fixed, universal to all humans (and many animals). Emotions are a combination of several psychological dimensions. EXAMPLE Basic Emotions: Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise. Complex Emotions: Arise from combination of basic emotions or are culturally influenced and constructed. THEORISTS (example) Paul Ekman, Rene Descartes, Silvan Tomkins Wilhelm Wundt, James Russell, Lisa Feldman Barrett
36 Roadmap Theories of emotion Components Classification Expert Interview
37 Experts?! In Emotion *EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY*
38 Experts In Emotion Interview Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett Distinguished Professor of Psychology Northeastern University What is an emotion?
39 Have a Great Day! Psychology 3131 Human Emotion Professor June Gruber
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