Growing Moral and Ethical Leadership Around the World through Positive Leadership

Transcription

1 BYU Management Society Annual Leadership Conference Growing Moral and Ethical Leadership Around the World through Positive Leadership 1 October 2015

2 Objectives Thank you very much for inviting me. I will share a brief sampling of some research we are conducting focused on positive leadership and positive performance. We will try to forget 2

3 Aspiration

4 A Deviance Continuum Negative Deviance Normal Positive Deviance Individual: difficult, Physiological Illness Health Vitality challenging, & Psychological Illness Health demanding; not Flow soft and squishy Organizational: Economics Unprofitable Profitable Generous Effectiveness Ineffective Effective Excellent Efficiency Inefficient Efficient Extraordinary Quality Error-prone Reliable Perfect Ethics Unethical Ethical Benevolent Relationships Harmful Helpful Honoring Adaptation Threat-rigidity Coping Flourishing Deficit gaps Abundance gaps SOURCE: Cameron,

5 Explanation Focusing on Abundance Gaps The Heliotropic Effect 5

6 Research Illustrating the Heliotropic Effect The Pygmalion Effect Positive Emotions Positive Imagery Groups of Gratitude, Positive, Approach Goals Versus Ingratitude, Negative, Avoidance Goals Positive Physiology Positive Relationships Strengths Orientation SOURCES: See Cameron & Lavine, 2006; Cameron, 2007 for references 6

7 Effects of Abundance - Individuals Comparisons between individuals characterized by the right-hand factor compared to the left-hand factor have shown dramatic differences: Gratitude Journal versus Frustration Journal Capturing the Best versus Capturing the Worst Virtuous Condition versus Non-virtuous Condition more antibodies after vaccines stronger genetic expression more mental alertness, acute and long lasting memory, and faster learning enhanced filtration, bodily fluid exchange, energy efficiency, coherence more inquisitiveness, creativity, and exploration higher levels of productivity and quality performance recovery from disease avoidance of depression after spouse loss SOURCES: See Cameron & Lavine, 2006; Cameron, 2007 for references 7

8 Examples of Fostering Gratitude (1) Gratitude Journal (2) Gratitude Visit or Letter (3) Gratitude Cards (4) Positively Embarrass Someone (5) Communicate with Families 8

9 Coherence and Brain Functioning Increased ability to self-regulate (Bradley, 2010; Bedell 2010) 40% improvement in long-term memory (Lloyd, 2010) 24% improvement in short-term memory (Lloyd, 2010) Increased ability to focus (Lloyd, 2010; Ginsberg, 2010) Increased ability to process information (Ginsberg, 2010) Faster reaction times (McCraty, 2010) Higher test scores (Bradley, 2010) Improved ability to learn (Bradley, 2010) SOURCE; McCraty, Institute of HeartMath

10 Effects of Positivity on Individuals Health A SAMPLE Well-being, positive emotions, and virtuousness predicts all-cause-mortality, heart attacks, and cancer survival rates. Barefoot (2000) 1250 coronary disease patients ages Giltay (2004) 941 Dutch elderly (65-85) over 9 years Kubzansky (2001) 1306 Boston residents age Loberiza ( stem-cell patients Lyrra (2006) 320 elderly Scandinavian twins Moskowitz (2008) 715 diabetics Ostir (2000) 2282 elderly Mexicans Scherer (2009) 575 hospitalized patients after discharge Xu (2010) 6856 Californians followed over 28 years 10

11 Effects on Mortality Rates Obesity 20% Excessive drinking 30% Smoking 50% Poor social relationships 70% Increase in the Probability of Dying SOURCE: Pressman, 2015

12 Some Effects of Positive Relationships People recover twice as fast from surgery. Men have half the incidence of prostate cancer. People develop greater immunity to colds and flu viruses. People have fewer heart attacks and they recover faster. People develop better ability to cope with stress and to develop resilience. People learn faster and remember more material longer. People engage in more helping behaviors and citizenship activities. People experience less depression. People live longer (+11 years). People succumb to fewer illnesses. People have higher survival rates after serious illness or accident. People tolerate pain better. People work harder. People perform better on the job. People make more money (+30%). People display more mental acuity. People make higher quality decisions. People are more creative and more flexible in their thinking. People are more adaptive and resilient after trails and trauma. SOURCES: Diener & Diener, 2008; Dutton & Ragins, 2007; Fredrickson, 2008; Heaphy & Dutton,

13 Positive Relationships Have Major Advantages Goals of entering freshmen (Crocker) Kidney dialysis patients relations (Brown) MS patients calls (Schwartz & Sender) Borders Placed calls Received calls X 8 Hand hygiene prevents you from catching diseases. 0% increase Hand hygiene prevents patients from catching diseases. 33% increase YR 1 YR 2 Well-being Self-efficacy Physical activity Hope Depression Predicting change in hospitals (Grant) Kim Cameron, Kim Cameron, University University of Michigan of Michigan

14 Giving Among Employees A Summary of 38 Studies Higher unit profitability Higher productivity Higher efficiency Higher customer satisfaction Lower costs Lower voluntary turnover More efficient problem solving Higher levels of cohesion More supportive cultures Better relationships with suppliers, customers, and top talent SOURCE: Podsakoff, 2013

15 Some Examples of Contributions Mentoring and coaching On-site gardens Weekly huddles for improvement Employee-driven foundation Sponsored community volunteering 15

16 Maps of Organizations 16

17 Alternative Reporting Relationships Information Who gives information to whom? Who gets information from whom? Influence Who influences whom? Who is influenced by whom? Energy Who energizes whom? Who is energized by whom? Traditionally, leadership = influence

18 Consequences of Expending Energy Physical Emotional Mental Relational

19 Positive Energizers Those who positively energize others are higher performers. Position in the energy network is four times the predictor of performance compared to position in information or influence networks. Positive energizers tend to enhance the work of others. People who interact with or are connected to energizers also perform better. High performing firms had three times as many positive energizing networks than low performing firms. SOURCE: Baker, 2003,

20 Impact of Positive Energy on Individuals Job Satisfaction p <.001 p <.001 Well-Being Positive Energy of the Unit Leader p <.001 p <.001 p <.01 Engagement Enrichment of Families Performance SOURCE: Owens, Baker, & Cameron,

21 Impact of Positive Energy on Units Cohesion p <.001 p <.001 Experimentation /Innovation Positive Energy of the Unit Leader p <.001 p <.01 Team Learning Orientation Performance SOURCE: Owens, Baker, & Cameron,

22 Attributes of Positive Energizers Energizers 1. They connect with others as people 2. They solve problems 3. They see opportunities 4. They fully engage in conversations & are heedful 5. They are trustworthy, have integrity, & are dependable 6. They express gratitude & humility 7. They instill confidence and selfefficacy in others 8. They smile 9. They are genuine & authentic 10. They help others flourish De-Energizers 1. They don t show concern for those around them 2. They create problems 3. They mainly see roadblocks & have criticisms 4. They don t create opportunities for others to be valued 5. They often don t come through on commitments 6. They are often inflexible in their thinking 7. They just get louder when people don t listen 8. They seldom smile 9. They are superficial & insincere 10.They ensure that they get credit

23 Some Research Findings Organizations Communication patterns in 60 organizations Seven matched organizations within a parent corporation Intervention studies aimed at an abundance culture change Public and private companies in 16 industries The airline industry after 9-11 Financial services performance Health care organizations Conclusion After 15 Years: Establishing an abundance culture and implementing virtuous practices in organizations is significantly and positive related to profitability, productivity, quality, innovation, customer satisfaction, and employee retention. 23

24 Some Additional Resources centerforpos.com 24

25 Final Thoughts If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a [positive] leader. John Quincy Adams Questions, Comments, Yeah, Buts? 25