Announcements. Papers. PsychPortal-D2L integration. Grade Query Tool. Group 3 Final Version due Friday 11:55 pm
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1 Papers Announcements Group 3 Final Version due Friday 11:55 pm PsychPortal-D2L integration Blah blah blah sure but odds are better than Powerball Grade Query Tool Check your scores, as this tool will be the definitive source for your final grade! Wrecktify Rectify
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4 Is your clicker on this list? If so, you re an unlucky winner! You are not getting credit for attendance, and should come to instructor office hours 5A7DC 77BB B47D BD0 87DA8 8893E 8A0B9 8A0D2 8DBD7 8E7C0 8F E4 91F0C 9202E 92939
5 Operant Conditioning (a wee bit more )
6 The fundamental principle of Operant Conditioning is captured by Thorndike s Law of Effect This law states that is rewarded behavior is likely to occur again.
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8 Rewarded Behavior likely to recur So.. If we can exceed 1000 students in attendance next Monday, every person in attendance gets one free attendance point!
9 But how often and consistently should one give rewards? Schedules of Intermittent Reinforcement
10 Schedules of reinforcement Continuous vs Partial Parital reinforcement schedules Interval schedules Fixed Interval (FI): interval is always same between rxfx Variable Interval (VI): interval length varies Ratio Schedules Fixed ratio (FR): Ratio always same Variable ratio (VR): Ratio varies
11 Four types of partial rxfx schedules Variable rxfx = smooth rates of responding Fixed rxfx = "scalloping"
12 The Operant World Generalization same response to similar stimuli Discrimination learn different responses to similar stimuli Shaping reward successive approximations Chaining string together already learned behaviors Superstition Learning learn associations that don t in fact exist
13 Basketball Superstitions
14 Michael Jordan s Superstitions
15 Who, us? Superstitious? The Great Hiccup Cure Survey
16 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Hold your breath for 48 seconds exactly, no less no more.
17 Surefire Hiccup Cure: While holding your breath, eat five green olives. Do NOT breath at all while you eat them, but don't pass out.
18 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Spin around clockwise while rubbing your stomach counterclockwise while jumping up and down
19 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Go to a drinking fountain or grab a glass of water. While you are drinking (it must literally by during the drinking process), mumble Mississippi Mississippi Mississippi. It has worked since I was little. I promise it will work its magic on you.
20 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Drink from the other side of a cup (than you know.. the usual) and bend over while drinking. Sounds complicated, but it works. My disclaimer however, if you're sloppy, be prepared to get your shirt wet.
21 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Put you pinky fingers together, the ends, and hold them right in front of your eyes. Then look at the spot where your pinkies touch and without looking away say hiccup, diccup, three sips of my ticcup and take three sips of a drink.
22 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Hang upside from a really high bed, as you sing a little jig about pink elephants, and finally as you are hanging upside down chug a whole liter of smart water! This combination works like a charm!
23 Surefire Hiccup Cure: I better get Extra Credit for this. Think of three bald men fast, say them out loud and picture each one in great detail. If this does not work hold your breath while doing a handstand. Good Luck
24 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Chug a dr. pepper eat 3 red skittles and then stand on your head. IT WORKS I SWEAR!
25 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Put a lit match in a glass of cold water then drink the water
26 Surefire Hiccup Cure: Say the Alphabet backwards in one breath and skip the vowels
27 Surefire Hiccup Cure: There is a cure however it only treats 1% of the world's population and the other 99% of us have to suffer through with it.
28 The Main Point There may be valid mechanisms behind many of these (e.g. breath alteration to change diaphragm movement) But there may also have been additional elaborations learned that are not essential, and they become part of the ritual The unabridged list of submitted hiccup cures is on the class website:
29 From The Essentials of Conditioning and Learning, 3 rd Edition by Michael P. Domjan, Used with permission by Thomson Learning, Wadsworth Division Operant Chamber Using Thorndikeʹs law of effect as a starting point, Skinner developed the Operant chamber, or the Skinner box, to study operant conditioning. Walter Dawn/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
30 The Operant World.
31 D. Operant Conditioning: Types of Reinforcers 1. Positive Rxfx: REWARD!!! 2. Negative Rxfx: Termination of an aversive condition. NOT PUNISHMENT! 3. Punishment: Presentation of an aversive condition often good only in short term, or to stop a behavior 4. NOTE: 1. positive and negative rxfx are used to increase a desirable behavior 2. punishment is used to decrease an undesirable behavior
32 What do you think? The instructor s bell, rung when the ambient noise climbs to unacceptable levels, represents: 1. Positive Reinforcement 2. Negative Reinforcement 3. Punishment
33 as combination of positive and negative reinforcement
34 Inadvertent reinforcement of undesirable behaviors
35 Inadvertent reinforcement of undesirable behaviors
36 Test your Knowledge about Phobias
37 II. Avoidance learning (Phobias) as combination of CC and OC A. CC: Generalization & Extinction in Simple Phobias B. OC: Avoiding the dogs is reinforcing; negative rxfx
38 Classical Conditioning of Phobias Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Dog Conditioned Response (CR) Fear!! UnConditioned Stimulus (UCS) Bite UnConditioned Response (UCR) Fear!
39 Operant Reinforcement Sight or thought of dog creates aversive state. (Classical) Escape or avoidance of the dog reduces or eliminates the aversive state = negative reinforcement (Operant)
40 Little Albert Sight or thought of white animal creates aversive state. (Classical) Escape or avoidance of the animal reduces or eliminates the aversive state = negative reinforcement (Operant)
41 III. Application of Associative Principles--Token Economies A. Contingencies set up: rewarded and nonrewarded behaviors B. Prisoners/Mental Patients/school children given tokens if desired behaviors performed C. Tokens later good for privileges, cigarettes, candy, magazines, etc. D. Efficacy
42 Classes as a Token Economy Points don t have inherent value Points contribute to grades Grades don t have inherent value, but good grades create other desirable outcomes (positive reinforcement) avert undesirable outcomes (avoid punishment or nonreinforcement)
43 Class and Clickers as a Token Economy Attendance is defined as a desirable behavior (it s good for learning) Attendance is rewarded with points (a token) Lack of attendance is not rewarded Fraudulent behavior (faking attendance) is punished
44 One more Operant Conditioning Case Clever Hans This mathematical horse got famous for being capable of a variety of arithmetic and literate feats, reporting his conclusions by tapping the ground with his hoof. However, the psychologist Oskar Pfungst did a variety of experiments on Clever Hans, demonstrating that that horse was picking up unconsciouslygenerated cues from his questioners, and working from those when to stop tapping. What Clever Hans's owner, Wilhelm von Osten, had inadvertently done was some operant conditioning; giving Hans a piece of carrot whenever he had tapped the right number of times. The horse then learned to associate his master's getting subtly tense with when to continue tapping, and his master's getting relieved with when to stop. Pfungst even went on to demonstrate that he could do what Clever Hans had done, picking up subtle cues from his human experimental subjects.
45 This slide intentionally left blank (except for this disclaimer) (which means it s not really blank then, is it?)
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47 Memory
48 DEMO!!! Listen to this list
Announcements 4/2/2012. Papers. PsychPortal-D2L integration. Grade Query Tool. Group 3 Final Version due Friday 11:55 pm
Announcements Papers Group 3 Final Version due Friday 11:55 pm PsychPortal-D2L integration Blah blah blah sure but odds are better than Powerball Grade Query Tool Check your scores, as this tool will be
Announcements. Next Aplia due Tonight Exam on Wednesday (April 2) Review after class today, 5:30 pm, room 130 ILC
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Operant Learning. Announcements. Conditioning The Office Style. I. Operant Conditioning 3/31/2014. Last time Classical Conditioning
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