Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER
|
|
|
- Arnold Todd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER
2 Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning Behavior Consequence Patronize Elmo s Diner It s all a matter of consequences. Rewarding Stimulus Presented Tendency to tell jokes increases
3 Operant conditioning A form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences. Stimulus After the fact. Operant responses are said to be emitted rather than elicited.
4 Primary reinforcers Events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs. Examples include food, water, warmth, sex Secondary (conditioned) reinforcers Events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers. Examples include paycheck, attention, praise, grades
5 Skinner Box Speaker Signal lights Lever To food dispenser Food pellet Electric grid To shock generator A small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded while the consequences of the response are systematically controlled.
6 Cumulative Recorder Drum One response Series of rapid responses Pen Not responding Reinforcement slash Creates a graphic record of responding and reinforcement in a Skinner box as a function of time.
7 Acquisition and Shaping Acquisition The initial stages of learning a new response. Shaping Process of repeatedly reinforcing closer and closer approximations to desired response.
8 Extinction Cumulative s Rate decreasing High rate extinguished Resistance to Extinction When an organism continues to make a response after delivery of the reinforce has been terminated. Rate increasing Time
9 Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Intermittent Reinforcement Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer Reinforcer All of the time Some of the time
10 Pattern of Reinforcement Cumulative s Fixed-ratio (FR) Lower resistance to extinction Rapid responding Short pause after reinforcement Note: Higher ratios generate higher response rates Why would this reinforcement pattern result in a lower resistance to extinction? Time
11 Pattern of Reinforcement Cumulative s Variable-ratio (VR) Higher resistance to extinction High, steady rate without pauses Note: Higher ratios generate higher response rates Why would this reinforcement pattern result in a higher resistance to extinction? Time
12 Pattern of Reinforcement Cumulative s Fixed-interval (FI) Lower resistance to extinction Long pause after reinforcement yields scalloping effect Note: Short intervals generate higher rates overall Time
13 Pattern of Reinforcement Cumulative s Variable-interval (VI) Higher resistance to extinction Low, steady rate without pauses Note: Short intervals generate higher rates overall Time
14 Positive Reinforcement When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus. Behavior Consequence Tendency to press lever increases Press lever Rewarding Stimulus Presented Food delivered
15 Negative Reinforcement When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus. Behavior Consequence Tendency to press lever increases Press lever Aversive Stimulus Removed Shock turned off
16 Positive or Negative Reinforcement? A toddler begins to cry in a toy store. The toddler s mother gives her a toy to quiet her down. Next time they go to the store, the child starts crying again. Positive Reinforcement
17 Positive or Negative Reinforcement? A teacher has a policy that requires all late students to attended detention. The class watches as a student is assigned detention. The next day, the student is early to class. Negative Reinforcement
18 Aversive Conditioning Escape & Avoidance Avoidance learning an organism acquires a response that prevents some aversive stimulation from occurring. Escape (CS) Light (US) Shock (CR) (UR) Fear
19 Conditioned Taste Aversion Unconditioned Stimulus (Illness) (CR) (UR) Nausea Conditioned Stimulus (Taste of Berries)
20 Punishment An event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response. Consequence If the mouse gets shocked when it presses the lever, the punishment will reduce the likeliness that the mouse will press the lever again. Press lever
Chapter 6/9: Learning
Chapter 6/9: Learning Learning A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. The acquisition of knowledge, skills, and behavior through reinforcement, modeling and natural
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour PSYC2010 Notes Textbook used Week 1-3: Bouton, M.E. (2016). Learning and Behavior: A Contemporary Synthesis. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Week 4-6: Rieger, E. (Ed.) (2014) Abnormal Psychology:
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11 Reinforcement Schedules Intermittent Reinforcement: A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced. Intermittent reinforcement
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Classical vs. Operant Conditioning With classical conditioning you can teach a dog to salivate, but you cannot teach it to sit up or roll over. Why? Salivation is an involuntary reflex,
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events.
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events. behaviorism - the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn?
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn? Defining Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior or the potential for behavior that results from experience Results from many life experiences, not just structured
Unit 6 Learning.
Unit 6 Learning https://www.apstudynotes.org/psychology/outlines/chapter-6-learning/ 1. Overview 1. Learning 1. A long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience 2. Classical Conditioning 1.
Learning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
Psychological Hodgepodge. Mr. Mattingly Psychology
Psychological Hodgepodge Mr. Mattingly Psychology The Number: Eight What is conditioning? Conditioning = learned or trained Classical Conditioning = learning procedure where associations are made Usually
I. Classical Conditioning
Learning Chapter 8 Learning A relatively permanent change in an organism that occur because of prior experience Psychologists must study overt behavior or physical changes to study learning Learning I.
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience. Classical Conditioning Learning through Association Ivan Pavlov discovered the form of learning called Classical
Learning. Learning. Learning
Learning PSY 1000: Introduction to Psychology Learning Monkeys beginning to wash their food before they eat it The rituals that athletes perform before/during contests Birds learning to flutter their wings
Chapter 6: Learning The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience Distinguishes between changes due to maturation and changes brought about by experience Distinguishes
Classical Conditioning. Learning. Classical conditioning terms. Classical Conditioning Procedure. Procedure, cont. Important concepts
Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov study of digestion dogs salivate before getting food learning as signal detection: emphasis on what happens before a given behavior Classical conditioning terms Stimulus:
Myers PSYCHOLOGY. (7th Ed) Chapter 8. Learning. James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University. Worth Publishers
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
Associative Learning
Learning Learning Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Biological Components of Learning Cognitive Components of Learning Behavioral Therapies Associative
CHAPTER 6. Learning. Lecture Overview. Introductory Definitions PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY
Learning CHAPTER 6 Write down important terms in this video. Explain Skinner s view on Free Will. Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning
Spontaneous recovery. Module 18. Processes of Conditioning. Classical Conditioning (cont d)
Module 18 Classical Conditioning (cont d) Processes of Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Stimulus Generalization/ Discrimination Spontaneous recovery The re-emergence of an extinguished
Unit 06 - Overview. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Unit 06 - Overview How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning s Applications, and Comparison to Classical Conditioning Biology, Cognition, and Learning Learning By
Association. Operant Conditioning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Learning to associate two events. We learn to. associate two stimuli
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
Outline. History of Learning Theory. Pavlov s Experiment: Step 1. Associative learning 9/26/2012. Nature or Nurture
Outline What is learning? Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning History of Learning Theory Nature or Nurture BEHAVIORISM Tabula Rasa Learning: Systematic,
Module 27: Operant Conditioning
Module 27: Operant Conditioning Part II Describe operant conditioning, and explain how operant behavior is reinforced and shaped. Discuss the difference between positive and negative reinforcement, and
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life FIRST EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Section 6.1 How Do the Parts of Our Brains Function? 6.1 What Are
... CR Response ... UR NR
Learning is the (1) brain-based phenomenon that is a (2) relatively permanent change (3) in behavior that results from (4) experience, (5) reinforcement, or (6) observation. (1) brain-based (2) relatively
Chapter 7. Learning From Experience
Learning From Experience Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Learning From Experience Noticing and Ignoring Learning What Events Signal Learning About the Consequences of Our Behavior
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior Learning How Learning is Studied Ivan Pavlov Edward Thorndike eliciting stimulus emitted
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior A. Learning-long lasting changes in the environmental guidance of behavior as a result of experience B. Learning emphasizes the fact that individual environments also play
Learning Habituation Associative learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning. Classical Conditioning Introduction
1 2 3 4 5 Myers Psychology for AP* Unit 6: Learning Unit Overview How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Learning by Observation How Do We Learn? Introduction Learning Habituation
PSY402 Theories of Learning. Chapter 8, Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning
PSY402 Theories of Learning Chapter 8, Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning Operant Conditioning The nature of reinforcement: Premack s probability differential theory Response deprivation
Learning. Association. Association. Unit 6: Learning. Learning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Different Types of Learning
Unit 6: Learning Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience experience (nurture) is the key to learning Different Types of Learning Classical -learn by association
Theories of Learning
Theories of Learning Learning Classical conditioning Classical conditioning in real life Operant conditioning Operant conditioning in real life Learning and the mind Watson s Extreme Environmentalism Give
PSYC 337 LEARNING. Session 6 Instrumental and Operant Conditioning Part Two
PSYC 337 LEARNING Session 6 Instrumental and Operant Conditioning Part Two Lecturer: Dr. Inusah Abdul-Nasiru Contact Information: iabdul-nasiru@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance
Cognitive Functions of the Mind
Chapter 6 Learning Cognitive Functions of the Mind Mediate adaptive behaviours Interactions between person and world Form internal representations of the world Perception, memory Reflect on this knowledge
acquisition associative learning behaviorism B. F. Skinner biofeedback
acquisition associative learning in classical conditioning the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
Chapter 5 Study Guide
Chapter 5 Study Guide Practice Exam Questions: Which of the following is not included in the definition of learning? It is demonstrated immediately Assuming you have eaten sour pickles before, imagine
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning. Lecture 8
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Lecture 8 1 Basic Procedure for Classical Conditioning CS (Bell) US (Meat Powder) CR (Salivation) UR (Salivation) 2 Acquisition Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice. What is Learning? Learning is the process that allows us to adapt (be flexible) to the changing conditions
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1 Humans are learning machines! Learning: A change in behavior,
PSY402 Theories of Learning. Chapter 6 Appetitive Conditioning
PSY402 Theories of Learning Chapter 6 Appetitive Conditioning Midterm Results Animals Search and rescue dogs -- http://www.sardogsus.org/ Dog Tricks Appetitive Conditioning Appetitive something desirable
Learning. Learning. relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience
Cat Video Cat Roundup Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association We learn by association Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence
Chapter 7 - Learning
Chapter 7 - Learning How Do We Learn Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Defining Learning Learning a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
3/7/2010. Theoretical Perspectives
Theoretical Perspectives REBT (1955) Albert Ellis Action & Result Oriented Teaches how to identify self-defeating thoughts Replaces thoughts w/ life enhancing ones 1 A B C s of personality formation: A
an ability that has been acquired by training (process) acquisition aversive conditioning behavior modification biological preparedness
acquisition an ability that has been acquired by training (process) aversive conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such
Learning: Some Key Terms
Learning: Some Key Terms Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Reinforcement: Any event that increases the probability that a response will recur Focus on what can be seen
Gamification: What can pigeons teach us about highway safety?
Gamification: What can pigeons teach us about highway safety? Michael Lee Psychology Graduate Student Center for Visualization and Virtual Environments User Experience Lab Overview Gamification Using game
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007 What is involved in learning? Evolution -The changes in behaviour that accumulate across generations are stored in the genes Combined with natural
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS 6: Learning Introduction and How Do We Learn? Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS 6: Learning Introduction and How Do We Learn? 1. learning 2. associate; associations; associative learning; habituates 3. classical 4. operant 5. observing Classical Conditioning 1.
Learning and conditioning
AP Psych Review Assignment Spring 2009 Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide: Learning and conditioning Vocab Term Definition of Term Example Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior that
Chapter 6. Learning: The Behavioral Perspective
Chapter 6 Learning: The Behavioral Perspective 1 Can someone have an asthma attack without any particles in the air to trigger it? Can an addict die of a heroin overdose even if they ve taken the same
acquisition associative learning behaviorism A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
acquisition associative learning In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
The Behaviourist Perspective
The Behaviourist Perspective This perspective seeks to understand human behaviour in terms of what has been learnt. They study behaviour. They assume that all human behaviour is a result of what has been
Vidya Prasarak Mandal s K. G. Joshi College of Arts and N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane.
Vidya Prasarak Mandal s K. G. Joshi College of Arts and N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane. Re-Accredited 'A' Grade by NAAC in 2011 and 2016 Best College Award 2011-12 Community College of University
Learning. Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 7 Learning Learning Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. Learning The Mexican Gray wolves had problems after being released back into the wild,
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning What is Classical Conditioning? Learning Objective: Students will be able to describe the difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning. How Do We
What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
CHAPTER 5 learning What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed
Initial Tests of the Learned Helplessness Explanation Innoculation against helplessness If dogs are given escapable pre-preshock, then subsequent expo
Aversive Conditioning Learned Helplessness Punishment Learned Helplessness Dogs were exposed to inescapable shocks delivered to the paw via an electrode. When given a chance to learn to escape from or
Learning Theories. Dr. Howie Fine INTRODUCTION. Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology.
Learning Theories Dr. Howie Fine 1 INTRODUCTION Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology. Learning What? Vs. How? Laymen view learning generally in terms of what is being
Name. True or False: 1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. True False
Chapter 5 Quiz Name Learning (Modules 15, 16, 17) True or False: 1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. 2. A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1. Name: Date:
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1 Name: Date: 1. Little Albert was conditioned by John B. Watson to fear furry white rats. After conditioning, Albert also showed fear to rabbits, dogs, and fur coats. This best illustrates
Learning. Learning. Learning via Association 1/8/2012. Chapter Eight. Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience
Chapter Eight Learning Learning Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience Many different kinds, most basic are habituation and sensitization Responding to stimuli less or moreover
Review Sheet Learning (7-9%)
Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet Learning (7-9%) 1) learning 2) associative learning Classical Conditioning 3) Ivan Pavlov 4) classical conditioning 5) John Watson 6)
Objectives. 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important.
Objectives 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important. Learning Theories Behaviorism Cognitivism Social Constructivism Behaviorism
PSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology
PSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology Session 5 Learning Lecturer: Dr. Joana Salifu Yendork, Psychology Department Contact Information: jyendork@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
Learning & Conditioning
Exam 1 Frequency Distribution Exam 1 Results Mean = 48, Median = 49, Mode = 54 16 14 12 10 Frequency 8 6 4 2 0 20 24 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
Module One: Booklet #7
Module One: Booklet #7 Is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from experience There are various ways is which people learn (we will look at some learning styles in Module 2) We will
Learning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience. Conditioning = a process in which environmental stimuli and behavioral processes become connected Two types of
PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow Learning? What s that? A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. Note that learning is NOT the same as
Modules. PART I Module 26: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning
UNIT VI Learning 1 Modules PART I Module 26: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Part II Module 27: Operant Conditioning Part III Module 28: Operant Conditioning s Applications, and Comparison to Classical
Learning. Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning
Learning Learning Somewhat permanent change; due to experience Classical Conditioning Automatic learning, not controllable body s automatic responses are associated with new stimuli Video: DP Learning
Association. Defining Learning. A relatively in knowledge or behavior that results from.
Chapter 6: Learning How Nurture Changes Us C. Brown Unit 7 Defining Learning A relatively in knowledge or behavior that results from. Adaptation by learning is flexible. Humans adapt to life s demands
1. A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
1. A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it. 2. In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7 Learning I the process of acquiring new knowledge and You learn by experience Learn to predict events that we already like/don t like noticing events or sensations that
Learning. How do we learn behaviors from our direct and indirect experiences? What are the implications of learning theories for our everyday lives?
Learning How do we learn behaviors from our direct and indirect experiences? What are the implications of learning theories for our everyday lives? How do we learn? For the next few minutes brainstorm
Operant conditioning: a learning theory of attachments
Operant conditioning: a learning theory of attachments B.F. Skinner The Mac Daddy of Operant Conditioning. Nurture guy through and through. Skinner s experiments extend Thorndike s thinking, especially
Learning. Learning: Problems. Chapter 6: Learning
Chapter 6: Learning 1 Learning 1. In perception we studied that we are responsive to stimuli in the external world. Although some of these stimulus-response associations are innate many are learnt. 2.
Learning. 3. Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer? (A) chocolate cake (B) water (C) money (D) applause (E) high grades
Learning Practice Questions Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. 1. Just before something
CHAPTER 6. Test Yourself, p. 228
CHAPTER 6 Test Yourself, p. 228 1. What is classical conditioning? How was it discovered? A. Pavlov s Experiments 1. Classical conditioning is sometimes called Pavlovian conditioning because it was discovered
Learning Chapter 6 1
Learning Chapter 6 1 Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. 2 Stimulus- Stimulus Learning Learning to associate one stimulus with another. 3 Response- Consequence
Strengthening Operant Behavior: Schedules of Reinforcement. reinforcement occurs after every desired behavior is exhibited
OPERANT CONDITIONING Strengthening Operant Behavior: Schedules of Reinforcement CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE reinforcement occurs after every desired behavior is exhibited pro: necessary for initial
Which of the following is not an example of a reinforced behavior?
Learning that is not mechanically acquired through reinforcement, void of overt responses, and is gained through paying attention to other's behavior is called learning. 1. observational 2. association
Chapter Six. Learning. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning
Chapter Six Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Part One: Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is conditioning by association, such as a pet getting excited
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning. 5. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning Introduction, How We Learn, & Classical Conditioning (pp. 291-304) 1. Learning: 2. What does it mean that we learn by association? 3. Habituation: 4. Associative Learning:
What is Learned? Lecture 9
What is Learned? Lecture 9 1 Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Compared Classical Reinforcement Not Contingent on Behavior Behavior Elicited by US Involuntary Response (Reflex) Few Conditionable
Learning Theories - Behaviourism -
Learning Theories - Behaviourism - Kimberley A. Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570 Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302 Outline What is Learning? Classical Conditioning
AZA/AAZK Animal Training Terms & Definitions
AZA/AAZK Animal Training Terms & Definitions The following list of training terms and definitions has been developed in an effort to promote accurate use of technical terminology and to facilitate clear
Psychology, Ch. 6. Learning Part 1
Psychology, Ch. 6 Learning Part 1 Two Main Types of Learning Associative learning- learning that certain events occur together Cognitive learning- acquisition of mental information, by observing or listening
Lecture 5: Learning II. Major Phenomenon of Classical Conditioning. Contents
Lecture 5: Learning II Contents Major Phenomenon of Classical Conditioning Applied Examples of Classical Conditioning Other Types of Learning Thorndike and the Law of Effect Skinner and Operant Learning
Behaviorism & Education
Behaviorism & Education Early Psychology (the use of nonobjective methods such as Introspection) Learning = behavior change movement toward objective methods Behaviorism Pavlov, Skinner (Focus on SàR)
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING LEARNING LEARNING= Is a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience Some behaviours are learnt, but
Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood, June 2004.
Ivan Pavlov http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/ cgi/content/full/19/6/326 Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood,
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Classical v. Operant Conditioning Both classical and operant conditioning use acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination. Classical conditioning
Learning Chapter 6. Please visit the Study Site at psychology.com. Developed by Stephen Tracy Community College of Southern Nevada
Learning Chapter 6 Please visit the Study Site at http://www.abintro psychology.com This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any
Classical Conditioning. Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning. Observational Learning. Classical versus operant conditioning
LP 6D Learned Helplessness and schedules of reinforcement 1 Classical Conditioning What is learning? What is conditioning? Pavlov and the Dogs o UCS o UCR o NS o CS o CR Other examples of classical conditioning
Learning Activity 1 Review questions
465 Learning Activity 1 1 In your own words, explain trial and error learning. Describe a personal example of the use of trial and error learning in everyday life. 2 a Explain the meaning of the term instrumental
Learning: a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Learning: a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. Instinct: unlearned behaviors due to evolution. Ex. bears hibernating. Habituation: an organism s decreasing response
DEFINITION. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience
LEARNING DEFINITION Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience WHAT DO WE LEARN? 1. Object :we learn objects with
Basic characteristics
Learning Basic characteristics The belief that the universe is lawful and orderly The occurrence of phenomena as a function of the operation of specific variables Objective observation Controlled experiments
Behaviorism. B. F. Skinner
Behaviorism B. F. Skinner B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) Skinner s life Predetermined, lawful, and orderly A product of past reinforcements 1925: Hamilton College (NY): degree in English,
Dikran J. Martin. Psychology 110. Name: Date: Principal Features. "First, the term learning does not apply to (168)
Dikran J. Martin Psychology 110 Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 5 Learning: How We're Changed Pages: 26 by Experience TEXT: Baron, Robert A. (2001). Psychology (Fifth Edition). Boston, MA: Allyn and
John Broadus Watson, 1930
John Broadus Watson, 1930 J. B. Watson believed in nurture and accepted the proclamation of John Locke which presented the mind as a blank slate upon which experience writes its message In what many have