4/30 Lecture 23 Social psychology: Practice Question. PSYC 120 General Psychology. Social Psychology: Social Cognition Social Behavior

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1 4/30 Lecture 23 Social psychology: PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 23: Social Psychology 2 Social Psychology: Social Cognition Social Behavior Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 Office location: 1030G Practice Question Questions? Material? Course business? The participants in the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment were: A. Randomly selected guards and criminals B. Randomly selected mental patients C. Randomly selected college students D. Randomly selected high school students E. High SES students 1

2 Practice Question Which of the following best characterizes the concept of personality? A. It is an enduring pattern of thoughts B. It is an enduring pattern of emotions C. It is an enduring pattern of behavior D. All of the above E. None of the above What IS Social psychology? Study of how people think about, influence, and relate to others Examines topics in psychology in a social context Considers: how our thoughts, feelings, and actions influence our behavior toward others. how the behavior of others influences our thoughts, feelings, and actions Comparison Milgram Obedience Experiment Personality Psychology Trait-driven Consistency across situations (endurance) Social Psychology Situation-driven Inconsistency across situations (behavior depends on situation) Stanley Milgram (Yale, 1961) Measured the willingness of study participants to OBEY an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience. 2

3 Milgram Obedience Study Changing social influences Stanford Prison Experiment What does this tell us? Philip Zimbardo (1973) College students randomly assigned to be: Guards Power of the Situation Overrides personality Prisoners Abu Ghraib Power of the Role Role expectations about how someone in a position should act Guantanamo 3

4 Social Cognition: 3 aspects What is an Attribution? Why do people do the things they do? Attribution theory How do we perceive ourselves? Self perception How do we feel about others? Attitudes An informal theory about the causes of someone s behavior Internal/external Stable/unstable Controllable/Uncontrollable Thinking of one of your professors or friends. Does he/she tend to be: 1. Energetic Relaxed it depends on the situation 2. Organized Disorganized it depends 3. Quiet Talkative it depends 4. Optimistic Pessimistic it depends 5. Diligent Lazy it depends 6. Clumsy Careful it depends 7. Lenient Firm it depends 8. Critical Accepting it depends 9. Nervous Calm it depends Thinking of yourself. Do you tend to be: 1. Energetic Relaxed it depends on the situation 2. Organized Disorganized it depends 3. Quiet Talkative it depends 4. Optimistic Pessimistic it depends 5. Diligent Lazy it depends 6. Clumsy Careful it depends 7. Lenient Firm it depends 8. Critical Accepting it depends 9. Nervous Calm it depends 4

5 Fundamental Attribution Error Mis-attribute behavior of others to your internal causes Assume it s the person Back to Surveys Add up the number of times you chose depends on situation for your professor or friend Add up the number of times you chose depends on situation for yourself Attitudes Were you more likely to choose depends on the situation when describing yourself (Survey 2) or when describing me (Survey 1)? 5

6 Attitudes Feeling or opinion about people, objects, and ideas Be lief s Beliefs Cognitive Component Affective Component Actions Behavioral Component Attitude Components Attitude Object ns Actio Attitudes and Behavior Attitudes Behavior if. Attitudes are strong Have good information Vested interest Beliefs Believe it is wrong for children to go to bed hungry Get upset when see pictures of starving children Actions Participate in programs which help feed starving children Can attitude part of personality or does it depend on the situation? 6

7 Attitude Change Attitude Consistency 1. Cognitive dissonance Beliefs 2. Persuasion Actions Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Behavior Attitude, then what? Change attitude Beliefs Actions 7

8 Conflict causes dissonance Resolving conflict reduces dissonance Attitude change occurs 8

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