What would happen if organisms in a species did not reproduce?

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Silas Hodge
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1 Do Now Jan 2, Think about: a. If you could be any living organism for a day, what would you be and why? b. What organism(s) other than Homo sapiens did you notice over break? 2. Make a Name Card a. Fold paper in half b. Write your name in LARGE letters c. Decorate it making sure your name is legible. What would happen if organisms in a species did not reproduce? The species would eventually go extinct

2 Reproduction Produce offspring Characteristic of living organisms Two types of reproduction: Asexual Sexual

3 Asexual Reproduction What is it? Which organisms? Clones Genetically identical Offspring from one parent Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission Paramecium (singular) Paramecia (plural)

4 Asexual Reproduction 2. Budding Hydra Coral Plants Aspen clone All genetically identical Largest one called Pando ( I spread ) > 40,000 aspen trees

5 Pando Aspen Clone Fishlake National Forest, Utah All genetical clones - all from same root system, all have the same DNA 106 acres The clone is thought to be 80,000 years old Pando Aspen Clone Asexual reproduction PRDB

6 Asexual Reproduction 3. Regeneration Grow & heal injured tissue Starfish Planarian (flat worm) Image: OpenStax Do Now Jan 3, On p 9-11 of your packet, write a paraphrased definition for: Asexual reproduction Fission (add to list) Budding Regeneration Clone (add to list) 2. Then read the top half of p1 and the top half of p2. 3. Compare your definitions with the definitions in the reading, and make changes as needed.

HW due Tuesday1/8 On p9 only. Based on what you remember, write a definition in column 2 for each word. 1. Go back and read the material. 2. Check your definitions.

7 HW due Tuesday1/8 On p9 only. Based on what you remember, write a definition in column 2 for each word. 1. Go back and read the material. 2. Check your definitions. 3. If your definition was incomplete or not correct, copy the definition in column 1 and correct your definition in column 2 (still using your own words). 4. Complete do now if you did not finish in class, (asexual reproduction, fission, budding, regeneration, clone) Asexual Reproduction 4. Parthenogenesis- Eggs develop without males hammerhead shark gecko komodo dragon

8 Two types of reproduction: Asexual Sexual Sexual Reproduction: Fertilization Egg Sperm Fertilization Zygote

9 Fertilization Sperm + egg = zygote n n 2n Fertilization Can be external or internal Sexual reproduction 1. Meiosis produces gametes (n) (Either sperm or egg) 2. Fertilization = Union of 2 gametes sperm (n) + egg (n)= zygote (2n) 3. Zygote (2n) 4. Mitosis to create the rest of the cells of offspring (2n)

10 Amoeba sisters: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction (Did not watch in class - can use as a review) wl0myd7dk1fvxypo_bvbk8ood5ez2o5w Assignments Due: Wed Jan 9 -Venn diagram asexual/sexual reproduction Due: Thurs Jan 10 - pages 10 & 11 in packet (using the same method as was used for p9) Due: Monday Jan 14 - Finding Patterns and Strategies in Reproductive Behaviors

11 HW for Wed Jan 9 Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Do now: Is one type of reproduction (sexual vs asexual) better than the other? Write a few sentences explaining your answer.

12 What are some advantages and disadvantages of each? Asexual Sexual What are some advantages and disadvantages Asexual of each?+ Genetic Sexual diversity + Isolated individuals can reproduce + + Advantage when population is sparse + Can occur more rapidly + If an organism is well adapted to its environment, the offspring will also be well suited to the environment - A new disease might destroy the whole population - A change in climate could have a negative impact on every individual (variation) increases New genetic combinations mean that some offspring might be a better match for new environments Isolated individuals can t reproduce Often takes longer Some offspring might be less well adapted than the parents

13 Recap of yesterday s activity Parental care Never, sometimes or always? How much? Asexual Sexual Genetic Variation spawning

14 Internal Fertilization vs. External Fertilization Internal External Where do egg and sperm unite? In female s body Outside (water) Protected environment Protected Less protected Female choice? Yes No # eggs produced Few Many # offspring produced Few Many survival rate High (protected) Low parental care? Often Not often Where does development occur? Internal or external External Internal Fertilization vs. External Fertilization Internal External Where do egg and sperm unite? In female s body Outside (water) Protected environment Protected Less protected Female choice? Yes No # eggs produced Few Many # offspring produced Few Many survival rate High (protected) Low parental care? Often Not often Where does development occur? Internal or external External

15 *Know which organisms use which strategies * How do you know which is mitosis and which is meiosis? Mitosis Meiosis

16 Human homologous pairs of chromosomes Karyotype Sex chromosomes XY=male(above) XX=female Autosomes Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Fertilization determines biological sex Egg cell + sperm = zygote

17 Amoeba sisters meiosis Genetic diversity MeiosisIndependent assortment Crossing over/ Recombination Each gamete produced has a unique combination of genes

18 Mitosis Embryo Meiosis + cell differentiation Blastocyst Occurs From OpenStax

19 Growth and Development Zygote (fertilized egg) Embryo or Larva Offspring Mitosis & Cell Differentiation Insects and other invertebrates. Stage of metamorphosis Differentiation Each body cell in an organism contains the same chromosomes. Depending on where a cell is in an organism, different subsets of genes on those chromosomes are expressed (turned on). Cells in different parts of an organism develop differently to create tissues, organs and organ systems

20 Fallopian tube ovary sperm Meiosis - sperm are made in testes - eggs are made in ovaries

21 Internal Development: Gestation protects embryo - nutrients and wastes

22 Marsupials kangaroo Mammals opossum Very short gestation Pouch

23 Bird embryo Yolk food Shell Protection Permeable to gases Amniotic liquid Cushions and protects embryo All living species have developed strategies, behaviors, and structures to increase the chances of successful reproduction.

24 Do Now Packet p 14 and p 15 Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis - 4 stages

Complete Metamorphosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?

25 Complete Metamorphosis Caterpillar Moths and Butterflies Tadpole Frogs and Toads Maggot Flies Grubs Beetles

26 Amoeba sisters meiosis Extra info follows:

27 Already covered Sexual reproduction

28 Human homologous pairs of chromosomes Autosomes Sex chromosomes Each sperm cell contains 50% of the father s genes & each sperm cell is unique. Each egg cell has 50% of the mother s genes & each sperm cell is unique Fertilization - the egg and sperm join to make a new cell called a zygote. It is a unique combination

Mastery. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Chapter Content CHAPTER 3 LESSON 1. Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions.

Mastery. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Chapter Content CHAPTER 3 LESSON 1. Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions. Chapter Content Mastery Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions. LESSON 1 Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Meiosis II