NeoSal Oral Fluid Collection System Solutions for Forensic Drug Detection

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1 PERFORMANCE OF THE NEOSAL ORAL FLUID COLLECTION SYSTEM Neogen develops and manufactures a comprehensive range of ELISA test kits and accessories for forensic drug detection. Neogen offers solutions to detect over 300 drugs of abuse and their metabolites in a variety of validated matrices across multiple industries including workplace drug testing, criminal justice, academic research and animal sport racing. INTRODUCTION Oral fluid testing is an increasingly important and non-invasive tool for the routine monitoring of drugs of abuse. With several commercialised oral fluid collectors available on the market, the NeoSal Oral Fluid Collection System has been designed to optimise ease of use and recovery of key drug analytes including opiates, amphetamines, benzoylecgonine, PCP, Delta-9-THC and diazepam from oral fluid samples. Studies have shown that drug recoveries of commercial oral fluid devices are variable and dependent on the device and drug analyte. Four individual studies were commissioned with the common goal of evaluating the performance of NeoSal and assessing the drug recovery data in parallel with three other commercially available collectors. NEOSAL ORAL FLUID COLLECTION SYSTEM The NeoSal Oral Fluid Collection System is intended for the collection of oral fluid specimens. Oral fluid samples collected with NeoSal can be screened for drugs of abuse using Neogen s ELISA test kits or other drug monitoring tests validated by the testing laboratory. NeoSal is intended for forensic use only. NeoSal incorporates a Sample Volume Adequacy Indicator (SVAI) built into the device to ensure a suitable volume of oral fluid is collected. The SVAI will form a distinct blue line when the target volume is collected. The target volume is 0.7 ml. The NeoSal device contains 2.1 ml of proprietary buffer solution specifically designed to achieve excellent recovery of drug analytes from the collection pad and ensure stability of the sample during transportation and storage. The dilution factor is 1:4.

2 OBJECTIVES Studies A and B were carried out in-house at Neogen Corporation in Lexington, KY. Studies C and D were performed by two leading forensic service laboratories in the United States. The studies were conducted in the following steps: Study A Evaluating the NeoSal sample collection volume Study B Evaluating the NeoSal sample collection time Study C Evaluating the NeoSal drug recovery and stability in buffer Study D Assessing the drug recovery data of NeoSal in parallel with three other commercially available oral fluid collectors. METHOD STUDY A NEOSAL SAMPLE COLLECTION VOLUME This experiment was designed to determine the accuracy of volume collected by the NeoSal oral fluid collection device. Data shown is the average of five experiments (n=5) where NeoSal devices were exposed to oral fluid or EIA buffer and removed once the SVAI line was activated. Each NeoSal device was weighed pre and post collection using a NIST traceable analytical balance to gravimetrically determine the volume of oral fluid or EIA buffer absorbed. STUDY B NEOSAL SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME This experiment was designed to determine the time in which the NeoSal oral fluid collection device collects the correct volume of oral fluid or EIA buffer and the SVAI line activates. Data shown is the average of five experiments (n=5) where NeoSal devices were exposed to oral fluid or EIA buffer and removed once the SVAI line was activated. Each collection was timed from contact with the oral fluid or EIA buffer to removal due to activation of the SVAI line. Collection times are presented in seconds. The second experimental data shown is the collection time using an authentic collection. In this experiment subjects oral fluid was collected and the process was timed from the moment the NeoSal entered the mouth until activation of the SVAI line. All data is presented in seconds and is the average of 114 collections (n=114).

3 STUDY C NEOSAL DRUG RECOVERY AND STABILITY IN BUFFER The experiment was designed to test the drug recovery and stability of 14 drugs in the NeoSal buffer. NeoSal buffer was spiked with a set concentration of the drug; the first test point was at one day post collection where the buffer was analysed using the laboratory s standard LCMS protocol to determine % recovery compared to the known set concentration present in the buffer. LCMS analysis was repeated on the buffer on day seven, 14 and 29 with each analysis being compared to set drug concentration in the buffer to determine the % recovery of the drug in the NeoSal buffer. STUDY D DRUG RECOVERY COMPARISON STUDY The experiment was designed to test the recovery of 16 drugs across the NeoSal and three other commercially available collectors. Authentic collection of drug free oral fluid was performed on five volunteers and oral fluid was then spiked with a target drug. 1 ml of spiked oral fluid was then applied to each device and incubated overnight at room temperature. Each oral fluid buffer was then tested using LCMS after solid phase extraction and all results were then directly compared to spiked oral fluid collected prior to application on device. Oral fluid taken from drug free volunteers was spiked (n=5) at the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) suggested confirmatory cut-off levels. 6 hydrocodone (HC), oxycodone (OXY), hydromorphone (HM), oxymorphone (OM), and diazepam were spiked at concentrations of 40, 40, 40, 40, and 4 ng/ml, respectively. 1 ml of the spiked oral fluid was applied to each device, NeoSal and three commercially available collectors, and incubated overnight in the dark at room temperature. The samples were then processed using solid phase extraction and analysed using a LCMS/MS. Recovery was calculated based on paired samples with no collection pad. EUROPEAN AND US SUGGESTED ORAL FLUID CUT-OFF LEVELS Drug EWDTS* Concentration ng/ml THC Parent THC 10 2 Benzoylecgonine BZE 30 8 Morphine MOR Codeine COD Acetylmorphine 6MAM 4 4 Phencyclidine PCP - 10 Amphetamine Amp Methamphetamine Meth MDA MDA MDMA MDMA MDEA MDEA - 50 SAMHSA *European Workplace Drug Testing Society

4 RESULTS STUDY A NEOSAL SAMPLE COLLECTION VOLUME Sample Type (n=5) Sample Absorbed on Pad (mg) Oral Fluid 730 ± 70 EIA Buffer 789 ± 2 The oral fluid and buffer volume recoveries demonstrated that the NeoSal has the potential to absorb oral fluid consistently. Gravimetric determination of the oral fluid sample absorbed shows 0.73 ± 0.07 ml collected on pad. STUDY B NEOSAL SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME Sample Type (n=5) n=114 Collection Time (Seconds) Oral Fluid 75.0 ± 36.7 EIA Buffer 20 ± 1 AUTHENTIC COLLECTION Collection Time (seconds) Mean Standard Deviation Minimum Value 12 Maximum Value 576 The typical collection time with NeoSal is one two minutes. Individuals who exhibit dry mouth or did not pool saliva had collection times that ranged up to three minutes or longer. If sufficient volume is not collected within ten minutes, Neogen recommends the donor start over with a new collection device.

5 STUDY C NEOSAL DRUG RECOVERY AND STABILITY IN BUFFER Shipping Overnight Shipping Day 6 Shipping Day 13 Shipping Day 28 Shipping Days Post-Collection Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 29 Analyte % Recovery % Recovery % Recovery % Recovery Benzoylecgonine ± ± ± ± 7.3 Cocaine ± ± ± ± 19.8 S(+)Amphetamine ± ± ± ± 9.1 S(+)Methamphetamine ± ± ± ± 11.4 (±)MDA ± ± ± ± 9.2 (±)MDMA 98.9 ± ± ± ± 1.9 (±)MDEA 96.4 ± ± ± ± 5.7 Morphine ± ± ± ± 17.4 Codeine ± ± ± ± 9.3 Hydrocodone ± ± ± ± 16.1 Oxycodone 98.2 ± ± ± ± 10.2 Hydromorphone 99.9 ± ± ± ± 16.6 PCP ± ± ± ± 1.2 (-)Delta9-THC ± ± ± ± 11.3 The LCMS data generated demonstrates that NeoSal achieves consistent drug recovery on day one and day seven. As indicated in the chart, the overall trends for the majority of the drugs tested support good sample stability up to 30 days at room temperature. It should be noted that while the cocaine concentration decreased at day 29, the benzoylecgonine concentration for the cocaine spiked sample increased. The net concentration of these two compounds was almost equivalent to the initial amount of cocaine at day one. Slight differences in the LCMS methods contribute to the recovery values greater than 100%.

6 STUDY D DRUG RECOVERY COMPARISON STUDY % Recovery %Recovery Amphetamines Drug Recovery Amp Meth MDA MDMA MDEA. Commercial Device Commercial Device Commercial Device NeoSal % Recovery %Recovery Opiates Drug Recovery HC COD 6MAM MOR HM OXY OM. Commercial Device Commercial Device Commercial Device NeoSal % Recovery %Recovery Benzoylecgonine, PCP, Diazepam and THC Drug Recovery BZE PCP Diazepam THC. Commercial Device Commercial Device Commercial Device NeoSal The general drug recovery using NeoSal was comparable to the other commercial collectors evaluated. The recovery of THC for all devices ranged from 40.3 to 83.9%, NeoSal had a mean THC recovery of 82.8%. The recovery of Opiates for all devices ranged from %, NeoSal had an overall recovery range of %.

7 CONCLUSION Studies A, B, C and D gave the following collective results: NeoSal is consistently accurate in its ability to absorb the outlined 0.7ml of oral fluid per collection As expected, real oral fluid sample collection timing had noticeably more variability when compared to EIA buffer Overall drug recoveries for the NeoSal were comparable or in certain cases higher than the three other commercial collectors tested. Most noticeable device drug recovery differences were observed in the opiates group (6-Acetylmorphine and oxycodone) and Delta-9-THC The NeoSal oral fluid collection buffer can stabilise drug samples for up to 30 days at room temperature The NeoSal Oral Fluid Collection System produces results comparable to the three commercial oral fluid collectors tested