Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal. Elsa Lavado, Vasco Calado, Lúcia Dias May EMCDDA (Lisbon)

Transcription

1 Prevalence and patterns of drug use among the general population (GPS) 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator Monitoring drug use in recreational settings: challenges and opportunities Elsa Lavado, Vasco Calado, Lúcia Dias May EMCDDA (Lisbon)

2 introduction Since 2002, SICAD has been conducting qualitative and quantitative studies in recreational settings, including music festivals. Boom(2002) Rock in Rio (every two years since 2006) NOS Alive (2017) Topics of study: Drugs and alcohol use prevalence Risk perceptions Social representations Knowledge of the law 2

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4 conclusions Qualitative studies (ethnographic) Boom 2002 Rock in Rio 2006 Boom Main conclusions: Rejection of heroin and, to a lesser extent, alcohol Fascination with consciousness-expanding substances Apology of natural substances, seen as harmless Curiosity for new drugs Relativization of health risks and harms Risk practices (mixtures / high doses) Druguse islinkedto theurge to escape thedailyliferoutine. The psychadelic experience is seen as a goal, as something that allows the«trip». Druguse ispartofa rampanthedonisticculture. 4

5 conclusions Qualitative studies Qualitative studies (ethnographic) (ethnographic) Boom 2002 Rock in Rio 2006 Rock in Rio Main conclusions: Cannabis use in the open, not an hidden practice Cannabis use in conviviality with friends Drug use is higher in social leisure contexts Drug normalization In some recreational settings (namely raves and trance parties), drug use (cannabis) is no longer an exception to the rule, but rather the rule itself. 5

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7 mixed studies Mixed Studies Rock in Rio 2008/2010/2012/2014/2016/2018 NOS Alive 2017 NOS ALIVE ROCK INRIO(RIR) In theframeworkofnps Euronet, in Portugal besidethecollectionfor chemical analysis of wastewater treatment, a questionnaire was appliedto thepublicofthemusicfestival NOS Alive Lisbon, in July SICAD collaborated in the design and implementation of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the results. Main Goal: Characterize the public and their NPS use In the scope of the SICAD Program of Studies on Social Representations (that began in 2008), studies have been carried out focusing on the adolescent and young adult population present in each edition of the Rock in Rio -Lisboa(RIR), a music festival, held every two years in the Portuguese capital. Main Goal: identify patterns of illicit substance use, as well as social representations and attitudes towards illicit substances, by young people. Partnership between: SICAD Egas Moniz (Álvaro Lopes) INMLCF (Mário João Dias) A questionnaire concerning drugswas applied in three editions of Rock in Rio -Lisbon (2008, 2012 and 2016). SICAD: General Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (Serviço de Intervenção nos Comp. Aditivos e nas Dependências) Egas Moniz: Egas Moniz Higher Education Cooperative, C.R. L. INMLCF: National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, I.P. 7

8 sample more female than male young(15-24 years old) mostly are students(university) mainly with residence in the region of Lisbon in NOS ALIVE almostallwith Portuguese nationality(foreign countries=11%) in RIR all Portuguese 8

9 results Illicit drug use prevalence (%) (15-34 years old) 51.5% 37.1% 32.5% 29.4% 15.9% 22.2% 18.7% 14.3% 19.7% 8.3% 10.5% 6.3% lifetime last 12 months last 30 days Balsa, et al., National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17) RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 9

10 results Cannabis use prevalence (15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%) Cocaine use prevalence (15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%) 36.2% 28.9% 15.1% 21.2% 17.7% 32.5% 8.0% 13.6% 9.9% 19.0% 6.4% 3.8% 3.6% 1.1% 1.7% 1.9% 2.5% 0.3% 0.7% 1.1% 1.1% 0.2% 48.5% 4.5% lifetime last 12M last 30D RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 lifetime last 12M last 30D RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 Balsa, et al., National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17) 10

11 results Ecstasy use prevalence (15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%) LSD use prevalence (15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%) 0.9% 0.9% 1.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.7% 0.7% < 0,1% 0.5% 0.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 2.3% 2.8% 2.9% 4.2% 3.0% 2.7% 3.4% lifetime last 12M last 30D RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 lifetime last 12M last 30D RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 Balsa, et al., National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17) 11

12 results NPS use prevalence (15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%) 1.5% 0.5% 1.4% 0.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0.6% < 0,1% 3.4% 6.3% lifetime last 12M last 30D RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17 Balsa, et al., National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17) 12

13 results Illicit drug use prevalence by festival date (%) 31.0% Metallica % 26.0% 17.1% Last 12M 18.0% 30.5% B. Springsteen 19.5% % 27.3% Hollywood Vampires 15.1% day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 13

14 results Illicit drug use prevalence according to favourite musical genre (%) 48.0% 40.4% 2017 last 12 months 32.1% 25.9% 29.0% electronic hip hop indie pop rock 14

15 results What comes to mind when you think about «Drug»? (%) addiction substances 15.8% 14.8% 19.4% 24.7% addiction substances 16.1% 14.2% 21.2% 27.1% bad choices 5.7% 12.6% bad choices 6.3% 14.8% drug users (types of) 5.5% 6.1% drug users (types of) 7.1% 5.2% drug use (types of) 4.2% 5.7% drug use (types of) 6.3% 4.7% disease 2.0% 5.2% disease 0.5% 5.2% decadence 4.9% 10.8% decadence 3.3% 1.0% fun 2.6% 9.7% fun 1.8% 4.7% non-users (L12M) (N=854) drug users (L12M) (N=247) non-users (L12M) (N=826) drug users (L12M) (N=192) party, adrenaline, relief, joy, night, festivals, social, summer, fun, night life, conviviality, enjoyment, fun, euphoria, happiness, parties, 15

16 results What comes to mind when you think about «Drug Users»? (%) addiction substances 1.3% 3.3% 9.6% 10.7% addiction substances 2.0% 1.1% 13.7% 16.6% bad choices drug users (types of) 5.3% 10.4% 12.5% 18.9% bad choices drug users (types of) 7.1% 14.0% 15.6% 19.8% drug use (types of) 3.0% 2.9% drug use (types of) 1.7% 6.6% disease 0.4% 3.9% disease 2.7% 4.9% decadence 6.6% 9.1% decadence 1.2% 0.0% fun 6.7% 12.8% fun 1.8% 4.4% non-users (L12M) (N=823) drug users (L12M) (N=243) non-users (L12M) (N=814) drug users (L12M) (N=182) party, friends, entertainment, fun, happiness, adrenaline, music, night, night life, rave, joy, well-being, festivals, recreational, rock music, socialize, 16

17 results What comes to mind when you think about «Drug Addicts»? (%) addiction substances 3.9% 2.9% 20.4% 21.6% addiction substances 4.9% 6.5% 23.4% 22.0% bad choices drug users (types of) drug use (types of) 2.7% 3.7% 0.6% 1.2% 8.6% 13.3% bad choices drug users (types of) drug use (types of) 1.3% 1.1% 4.1% 5.4% 12.9% 11.8% disease 13.5% 12.2% disease 10.8% 8.6% decadence 4.7% 6.5% decadence 2.2% 4.8% fun 0.2% 0.0% fun 0.3% 0.5% non-users (L12M) (N=844) drug users (L12M) (N=245) non-users (L12M) (N=790) drug users (L12M) (N=186) 17

18 results Category "additive behavior" in the open question What comes to mind when you think about «Greater Problems of Portuguese Society»(%) 2008 (n=94) (9,5% of the total sample) 2012 (n=53) (4,7% of the total sample) 2016 (n=40) (3,9% of the total sample) alcohol illicit substances tobacco addictions 18

19 results Cannabis use motivations according to lifetime users (15-34 years old) (%) fun 41.5% feel high 26.0% 4.1% 5.6% relax curiosity reduces inhibitions forget about problems social/peer pressure 17.3% 14.8% 0.7% 1.2% 13.3% 4.4% 4.1% 11.2% 1.0% 2.0% 10.8% 12.5% 15.1% 0.7% 2.2% GPS 2016/17 * 8.3% RIR 2016 Balsa, et al., National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17) 21.7% 21.3% 20.3% 2.7% 3.7% be sociable physical energy for leisure activities 46.6% RIR 2012 * Considered the category very important 19

20 conclusions 20

21 Considering Rock in Rio conclusions Between 2008 and 2016, there were fewer respondents who considered illicit substances as a serious social problem, and by 2016, alcohol was considered a major problem. Illicit substances are less associated with crime, poverty and social exclusion. According to the respondents, problematic drug use is less visible than it used to be, young people show less familiarity and contact with drug addicts. According to this study of Rock in Rio, the heroin user/abuser figure, who was a central figure of popular culture in the 80s and 90s, is absent in the discourse of the young people. Respondents tended to associate the word "drugs" more with cannabis rather than with heroin, as was common in the past. They also associate the word "drug users" more with friends and young people than with drug addicts. However, drug use is seen primarily as a life style, albeit something bad, an unhealthy lifestyle that can lead to health problems and addictions. 21

22 MAIN CONCLUSIONS conclusions Drug use is higher among partygoers and music festival participants. Drug use is lower in the general population, even considering the same age group. Drug use varies according to musical preferences and recreational settings. Strong link between drug use and leisure among young people. 22

23 studies available at: Thank you for your attention 23