STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2015

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1 STATISTICAL BULLETIN

2 Title: Author: General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD) / Monitoring and Information Directorate (DMI) / Statistics and Research Division (DEI) Coordination: Carla Ribeiro (DEI) Participation: Catarina Guerreiro (DEI) Cover: Filipa Cunha (EMSI) Address: Parque de Saúde Pulido Valente. Alameda das Linhas de Torres n.º 117 Edifício SICAD Lisboa Edition: May, 2017 This information is available at SICAD website,

CONSUMPTION ILLICIT SUBSTANCES CONTEXT GENERAL POPULATION Nacional survey on psychoactive substances use in the general population, 2012 (15-74 years old) Life time and last 12 months Prevalence of

Mushroom 0,5% 0,1% Heroine 0,5% 0,0% Amphetamines 0,4% 0,0% Cannabis dependence assessment through CAST 1-2012 Age Group Moderate High Risk Risk 15-24 1,5% 0,2% 25-34 0,4% 0,5% Last 12 months

3 CONSUMPTION ILLICIT SUBSTANCES CONTEXT GENERAL POPULATION Nacional survey on psychoactive substances use in the general population, 2012 (15-74 years old) Life time and last 12 months Prevalence of use Any illicit substance Age Group LTP LYP ,8% 5,8% ,9% 4,6% Substance Type LTP LYP Cannabis 8,2% 2,3% Ecstasy 1,1% 0,2% Cocaine 1,0% 0,2% LSD 0,5% 0,1% Hall. Mushroom 0,5% 0,1% Heroine 0,5% 0,0% Amphetamines 0,4% 0,0% Cannabis dependence assessment through CAST Age Group Moderate High Risk Risk ,5% 0,2% ,4% 0,5% Last 12 months prevalence of illicit substances use , and years (%) 2001/2007/2012 Cannabis dependence assessment through CAST , and years (%) 2007/ Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). 2 In 2012, this survey was applied to the years old population, but it was defined a sample of the years old for comparative purposes with the surveys implemented in 2007 and GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 3

Survey on the young participants of the National Defense Day, (18 years) Life time and last 12 months Prevalence of use Any illicit substance LTP LYP M 37,1% 29,7% F 23,5% 17,1% Last 12 months

in the last 12 months) Any illicit substance - 2014 Ge

4 Survey on the young participants of the National Defense Day, (18 years) Life time and last 12 months Prevalence of use Any illicit substance LTP LYP M 37,1% 29,7% F 23,5% 17,1% Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type - SPECIFIC CONTEXTS RECLUSION: National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings, 2014 Life time prevalence of use and in the current reclusion (ever and in the last 12 months) Any illicit substance Gender/ A.G. LTP LYP Current reclusion M 71,2% 27,6% F 45,1% 6,8% ,0% 40,7% ,6% 34,6% 14,4% of inmates already injected drugs in their lifetime, 5,9% already in reclusion and 3,7% in the current reclusion. Prevalence of use in the current reclusion By illicit substance type (%) 2001/2007/ One must be cautious when comparing any illicit substance prevalence of use between years, because in 2014 the set of substances presented in the questionnaire was extended (7 in 2001 and 2007 to 18 in 2014). 4 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

SCHOOL: (students 13-18 years) Life time prevalence of use Any illicit substance - Last 12 months prevalence of use Any illicit substance - Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type -

) 1,2-26,8% (13-18 years) 0,8-1,5% (13-16/17/18 years) 0,5-2,3% (14-18 years) 0,5-1,2% (13/14-17 years) 0,3-1,2% (14-17 years) 0,4-1,2% (13-18 years) Life time prevalence of use Any illicit substance

5 SCHOOL: (students years) Life time prevalence of use Any illicit substance - Last 12 months prevalence of use Any illicit substance - Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type - Substance type Cannabis Cocaine Ecstasy Amphetamines Hall. Mushroom LSD LYP (min-máx.) 1,2-26,8% (13-18 years) 0,8-1,5% (13-16/17/18 years) 0,5-2,3% (14-18 years) 0,5-1,2% (13/14-17 years) 0,3-1,2% (14-17 years) 0,4-1,2% (13-18 years) Life time prevalence of use Any illicit substance (%) 2007/2011/ CUSTODY: Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities, ( Life time prevalence of use *, last 12 months before custody and last 12 months in the current custody 4 Any illicit substance Gender/ A.G. LTP* Before current custody LYP In the current custody 4 M 88,1% 79,4% 32,3% F 93,3% 86,7% 46,7% ,5% 64,7% 23,5% ,7% 84,1% 27,5% ,1% 80,0% 44,6% *Before and/or after the beginning of custody Last 12 months before current custody prevalence of use By substance type - 4 While in custody, some young offenders have authorization to go outside the Facility, for weekends, vacations or to go to school/professional training. GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 5

SOME CONSEQUENCES RELATED WITH CONSUMPTION ILLICIT SUBSTANCES Treatment, Patients in treatment in the year and patients that

45,6% 35-49 61,4% 43,8% 50 years 19,6% 10,6% Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the

01/01/2006-31/12/ Cases of HIV infection related with drug addiction 01/01/2006-31/12/ Ge % 195 in the last 3 years.

6 SOME CONSEQUENCES RELATED WITH CONSUMPTION ILLICIT SUBSTANCES Treatment, Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year - (outpatient public network) Gender/ A.G. Patients in treatment in the year Patients that started treatment in the year M 84,0% 86,2% F 16,0% 13,8% 34 years 19,0% 45,6% ,4% 43,8% 50 years 19,6% 10,6% Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year new and readmitted (n) (outpatient public network) HIV/AIDS infection notifications 01/01/ /12/ HIV/AIDS, 01/01/ /12/ Cases of HIV infection related with drug addiction 01/01/ /12/ Gender/ A.G. % 195 in the last 3 years. M 81,9% F 18,1% 34 years 43,1% ,9% 50 years 5,0% 186 in the last 3 years. HIV infection cases notification and AIDS cases (n) Cases related with drug addiction by year of dyagnosis Addicted HIV Addicted AIDS 6 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

Mortality, 2014 / General records Drug related deaths EMCDDA criteria*- 2014 Total of deaths - 37 Average number of potential years of life lost 29,4 years Deaths Potential Years of Life Lost

7 Mortality, 2014 / General records Drug related deaths EMCDDA criteria* Total of deaths - 37 Average number of potential years of life lost 29,4 years Deaths Potential Years of Life Lost (average) M 89,2% 29,2 years F 10,8% 31,3 years <65 years 97,3% 65 years 2,7% General records Drug related deaths EMCDDA criteria* (n) *ICD 10 codes: F11 to F12, F14 to F16, F19, X42, X62 and Y12 (these last 3 codes are combined with the codes T ), X41, X61 and Y11 (these last 3 codes are combined with the code T 43.6) and X44, X64 and Y14 (these last 3 codes are combined with the codes T and T 43.6). In 2013 began the implementation of the medical certificate online and, in 2014, the Information System of Death Certificates included, for the first time, all the deaths recorded in the country. Specific records Deaths by overdose - Total of deaths - 40 Specific records Deaths by overdose (n) Deaths M 85,0% F 15,0% 34 years 15,4% ,7% 50 years 17,9% Litigations for administrative offenses related with drugs (Law 30/2000), individuals involved in litigations for administrative offenses related with occurrences in the year Age Group ,9% ,0% ,5% 50 years 2,7% ,9% M 92,2% F 7,8% Individuals involved in litigations for administrative offenses related with drug use (n) Occurrences in the year GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 7

Indirect criminality National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings, 2014 declared getting money to use

Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities, ( attributed their perpetration of crimes to

which are in prison declared getting money to buy drugs/alcohol as a motive for the crime/s for which are in custody

r of seizures and quantities seized Main substances seized - Cocaine 6 029 Kg 1 081 seizures Cannabis resin 2 412 Kg 4

r of seizures and quantities seized wholesale 7 Main substances seized - Heroine 97 Kg 763 seizures Cannabis herb 224

)* 791 seizures Ecstasy 50934 tablets 173 seizures *and other quantities (plants, seeds, ) 6 596 presumed offenders 36%

Cocaine 48,63 34,6 (% cocaine clorid.) Cann. resin 2,50 14,0 (% THC) Herbal cann. 7,41.

8 Indirect criminality National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings, 2014 declared getting money to use drugs as a motive for the crime/s for which are in prison (24% in 2007 and 23% in 2001). Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities, ( attributed their perpetration of crimes to being under the influence of alcohol/drugs declared being under the influence of drugs when committed the crime/s for which are in prison declared getting money to buy drugs/alcohol as a motive for the crime/s for which are in custody SUPPLY ILLICIT SUBSTANCES Police seizures, N. r of seizures and quantities seized Main substances seized - Cocaine Kg seizures Cannabis resin Kg seizures N. r of seizures and quantities seized wholesale 7 Main substances seized - Heroine 97 Kg 763 seizures Cannabis herb 224 Kg (herbal cann.)* 791 seizures Ecstasy tablets 173 seizures *and other quantities (plants, seeds, ) presumed offenders 36% traffickers and 64% traffickers-users Average Price 5 e Potency/Purity 6 Main substances seized - Potency Per gramme Cocaine 48,63 34,6 (% cocaine clorid.) Cann. resin 2,50 14,0 (% THC) Herbal cann. 7,41. 8,3 (% THC) Heroine 31,61 19,5 (%) Per tablet Ecstasy 2,58 88,1 (mg of MDMA) 85% arrested Presumed offenders M 90,1% F 9,9% 24 years 38,5% ,4% ,7% 45 years 12,4% 5 The prices concern the dealer and dealer-user drug market. 6 Samples seized with a net weight less than 1g. 7 EMCDDA criteria: quantities 1kg (Can. resin, herbal can., cocaine and heroine) and 1000 tablets (ecstasy) 8 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

9 N. r of seizures Main substances seized (n) Average Price 8 e Potency/Purity 9 Main substances seized / Lower and higher average value for each quinquennial Prices Per gramme Cocaine 44,65 47,44 47,00 50,07 Can. resin 2,18-3,59 2,50 3,12 Herbal can. 2,15 6, ,47 7,41 10 Heroine 33,25 42,17 Per tablet 25,64 35,74 Ecstasy 2,80 3, ,58 4,43 10 Potency Per gramme Cocai caine 38,7 48,4% 32,8 40,1% (% cocaine cloridrate) Cannabis resin (% THC) Herbal cannabis (% THC) Heroine (%) Ecstasy (% mg MDMA) 5,8 9,1% 9,3 18,0% 3,8 6,3% 5,2 8,3% 18,9 32,4% 11,5 19,5% Per tablet 18,4 45,0% 59,8 88,1% Presumed offenders (n) Court decisions under the Drug Law, condemned individuals Condemned individuals M 88,7% F 11,3% years 34,0% ,2% ,2% 45 years 13,6% 8 Vide nota 5. 9 Vide nota Dados não disponíveis: liamba em e ecstasy em 2009, GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 9

Inmates condemned under the Drug Law, 31/12/ Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law 31/12/ 81% condemned for drug trafficking, 18% for less serious drug trafficking and

10 Inmates condemned under the Drug Law, 31/12/ Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law 31/12/ 81% condemned for drug trafficking, 18% for less serious drug trafficking and <1% for drug traffickingdrug use Inmates condemned under the Drug Law M 88,8% F 11,2% years 5,7% ,9% ,9% 60 years 4,5% Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law (n) 31/12 of each year References: Balsa, Vital & Urbano (2014). III Inquérito Nacional ao Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas na População Geral Portugal Lisboa: SICAD. Carapinha, L., Calado, V. (2016). Comportamentos Aditivos aos 18 anos. Inquérito aos Jovens Participantes no Dia da Defesa Nacional. Lisboa: SICAD. Consultado em março 2017 a partir de: cluidos/paginas/detalhe.aspx?itemid=172&lista=sicad_est UDOS&bkUrl=/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluido s Carapinha, L., Guerreiro, C., Ribeiro, C., Ferreira, L. (2016). Inquérito sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Jovens Internados em Centros Educativos. Lisboa: SICAD. Consultado em março 2017 a partir de: cluidos/paginas/detalhe.aspx?itemid=169&lista=sicad_est UDOS&bkUrl=/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluido s Feijão, F. (2016). Estudo sobre o Consumo de Álcool, Tabaco, Drogas e Outros Comportamentos Aditivos e Dependências,. Consultado em março 2017 a partir de: cluidos/lists/sicad_estudos/attachments/170/relatório -ECATD-.pdf INE (2016). Causas de morte Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P.. SICAD (2016). Relatório Anual : A Situação do País em Matéria de Drogas e Toxicodependências. Lisboa: SICAD. Torres, A., Mendes, R., Gaspar, S., Fonseca, R., Oliveira, C., Dias, C. (). Inquérito Nacional sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Meio Prisional Relatório Final. Lisboa: CIEG/ISCSP Ulisboa. Consultado em março de 2017 a partir de: cluidos/lists/sicad_estudos/attachments/158/incamp_2 016_Volume1.pdf 10 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2016

STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2016 STATISTICAL BULLETIN Title: STATISTICAL BULLETIN Author: General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD) / Monitoring and Information Directorate (DMI) / Statistics