STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2016

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1 STATISTICAL BULLETIN

2 Title: STATISTICAL BULLETIN Author: General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD) / Monitoring and Information Directorate (DMI) / Statistics and Research Division (DEI) Coordination: Carla Ribeiro (DEI) Participation: Catarina Guerreiro and Liliana Ferreira (DEI) Cover: Filipa Cunha (EMSI) Address: Parque de Saúde Pulido Valente. Alameda das Linhas de Torres n.º 117 Edifício SICAD Lisboa Edition: February, 2018 This information is available at SICAD website,

CONSUMPTION GENERAL POPULATION CONTEXT 15-74 YEARS OLD Nacional

/17 Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use Age Group LTP

Type LTP LYP Cannabis 9,7% 4,5% Cocaine 1,1% 0,2% Ecstasy 0,6%

0,4% 0,1% 0,6% 0,2% Age Group Moderate High Risk Risk 15-34 0,6%

prevalence of illicit substances use (%) Cannabis dependence (CAST

3 CONSUMPTION GENERAL POPULATION CONTEXT YEARS OLD Nacional survey on psychoactive substances use in the general population /17 Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use Age Group LTP LYP ,0% 8,4% ,0% 7,5% ,7% 9,2% Substance Type LTP LYP Cannabis 9,7% 4,5% Cocaine 1,1% 0,2% Ecstasy 0,6% 0,1% Heroine 0,5% 0,1% LSD 0,4% 0,0% Amphetamines 0,4% 0,0% NPS 0,3% 0,2% Hall. Mushrooms 0,2% -- Cannabis dependence (CAST 1 ) last 12 months 0,4% 0,1% 0,6% 0,2% Age Group Moderate High Risk Risk ,6% 0,6% ,6% 0,7% ,6% 0,5% 2012 / -17 Last 12 months prevalence of illicit substances use (%) Cannabis dependence (CAST 1 ) (%) last 12 months 1 Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 3

18 YEARS OLD Survey on the young participants of the National Defense Day

use By substance type 2015 / Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use

behaviours in prison settings 2014 Lifetime prevalence of use and in the

78,6% 34,6% 2001 / 2007 / 2014 2 Prevalence of use in the current reclusion

their lifetime, 5,9% already in reclusion and 3,7% in the current reclusion.

4 18 YEARS OLD Survey on the young participants of the National Defense Day Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type 2015 / Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use (%) SPECIFIC CONTEXTS RECLUSION 16 YEARS OLD National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings 2014 Lifetime prevalence of use and in the current reclusion (ever and in the last 12 months) Gender / A.G. LTP LYP Current reclusion M 71,2% 27,6% F 45,1% 6,8% ,0% 40,7% ,6% 34,6% 2001 / 2007 / Prevalence of use in the current reclusion By illicit substance type (%) 2 14,4% of inmates already injected drugs in their lifetime, 5,9% already in reclusion and 3,7% in the current reclusion. 2 In 2014 the set of substances presented in the questionnaire was extended (7 in 2001 and 2007 to 18 in 2014). 4 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

SCHOOL 13-18 YEARS OLD Lifetime prevalence of use 2015 Last 12 months prevalence of use Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type

) 1,2 26,8% (13-18 years) 0,8 1,5% (13-16/17/18 years) 0,5 2,3% (14-18 years) 0,5 1,2% (13/14-17 years) 0,3 1,2% (14-17 years) 0,4 1,2% (13-18

last 12 months in the current custody 3 Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities 2015 Gender / Age Group *Before

the current custody 3 M 88,1% 79,4% 32,3% F 93,3% 86,7% 46,7% 14-15 76,5% 64,7% 23,5% 16-17 89,7% 84,1% 27,5% 18-20 91,1% 80,0% 44,6% 3 While in

5 SCHOOL YEARS OLD Lifetime prevalence of use 2015 Last 12 months prevalence of use Last 12 months prevalence of use By substance type Substance type Cannabis Cocaine Ecstasy Amphetamines Hall. Mushroom LSD LYP (min-máx.) 1,2 26,8% (13-18 years) 0,8 1,5% (13-16/17/18 years) 0,5 2,3% (14-18 years) 0,5 1,2% (13/14-17 years) 0,3 1,2% (14-17 years) 0,4 1,2% (13-18 years) 2007 / 2011 / 2015 Life time prevalence of use (%) CUSTODY YEARS OLD Lifetime prevalence of use*, last 12 months before custody and last 12 months in the current custody 3 Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities 2015 Gender / Age Group *Before and/or after the beginning of custody LTP* Last 12 months before current custody prevalence of use By substance type Before current custody LYP In the current custody 3 M 88,1% 79,4% 32,3% F 93,3% 86,7% 46,7% ,5% 64,7% 23,5% ,7% 84,1% 27,5% ,1% 80,0% 44,6% 3 While in custody, some young offenders have authorization to go outside the Facility, for weekends, vacations or to go to school/professional training. GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 5

SOME CONSEQUENCES RELATED WITH CONSUMPTION TREATMENT Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year (outpatient

17,6% 46,6% 35-49 59,4% 41,5% 50 years 23,0% 11,9% 2007 - Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year new and

addiction Gender / A.G. % M 82,2% F 17,8% 135 in the last 3 years. 34 years 40,3% 35-49 53,7% 50 years 6,0% 121 in the last 3 years.

6 SOME CONSEQUENCES RELATED WITH CONSUMPTION TREATMENT Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year (outpatient public network) Gender / Age Group Patients in treatment in the year Patients that started treatment in the year M 84,2% 87,6% F 15,8% 12,4% 34 years 17,6% 46,6% ,4% 41,5% 50 years 23,0% 11,9% Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year new and readmitted (n) (outpatient public network) HIV AND AIDS HIV/AIDS infection notifications 01/01/ /12/ Cases of HIV infection related with drug addiction Gender / A.G. % M 82,2% F 17,8% 135 in the last 3 years. 34 years 40,3% ,7% 50 years 6,0% 121 in the last 3 years. HIV infection cases notification and AIDS cases (n) Cases related with drug addiction by year of diagnosis 6 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

7 MORTALITY GENERAL REGISTRIES 2015 Drug related deaths EMCDDA criteria* Total of deaths - 54 Average number of potential years of life lost 26,0 years old Gender / A.G. Deaths (%) Potential Years of Life Lost (average) M 79,6% 25,6 years F 20,4% 27,5 years < 65 years 96,3% 65 years 3,7% *ICD 10 codes: F11 to F12, F14 to F16, F19, X42, X62 and Y12 (these last 3 codes are combined with the codes T ), X41, X61 and Y11 (these last 3 codes are combined with the code T 43.6) and X44, X64 and Y14 (these last 3 codes are combined with the codes T and T 43.6). In 2013 began the implementation of the medical certificate online and, in 2014, the Information System of Death Certificates included, for the first time, all the deaths recorded in the country. SPECIFIC REGISTRIES Deaths by overdose Total of deaths - 27 Gender / A.G. Deaths M 92,6% F 7,4% 34 years 18,5% ,3% 50 years 22,2% LITIGATIONS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES RELATED WITH DRUGS (LAW 30/2000) Individuals involved in litigations for administrative offenses related with drug use (occurrences in the year) Age Group individuals M 92,3% F 7,7% ,7% ,5% ,2% 50 years 3,1% ,5% GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 7

INDIRECT CRIMINALITY (SOME STUDY RESULTS) National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings, 2014 ( 16 years old) Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities,

attributed their perpetration of crimes to being under the influence of alcohol/drugs declared being under the influence of drugs when committed the crime/s for which are in prison declared getting

r of seizures and quantities seized* Main substances seized Cocaine 1 047 Kg 1 130 seizures Cannabis resin 7 068 Kg 4 678 seizures N.

8 INDIRECT CRIMINALITY (SOME STUDY RESULTS) National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings, 2014 ( 16 years old) Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities, 2015 ( declared getting money to use drugs as a motive for the crime/s for which are in prison (24% in 2007 and 23% in 2001). attributed their perpetration of crimes to being under the influence of alcohol/drugs declared being under the influence of drugs when committed the crime/s for which are in prison declared getting money to buy drugs/alcohol as a motive for the crime/s for which are in custody SUPPLY POLICE SEIZURES (UNDER THE DRUG LAW) N. r of seizures and quantities seized* Main substances seized Cocaine Kg seizures Cannabis resin Kg seizures N. r of seizures and quantities seized wholesale 6 Main substances seized Heroine 57 Kg 774 seizures Cannabis herb 264 Kg (herbal cann.) 778 seizures Ecstasy tablets 266 seizures * does not include quantities in other units of measurement, other than kg and tablets presumed offenders 30% traffickers and 70% traffickers-users 85% arrested Average Price 4 e Potency/Purity 5 Main substances seized Potency Per gramme Cocaine 42,52 40,3 (% cocaine clorid.) Cann. resin 2,30 14,8 (% THC) Herbal cann. 8,21, 7,2 (% THC) Heroine 26,27 15,5 (%) Per tablet Ecstasy 2,96 82,8 (mg of MDMA) Gender / A. G. Presumed offenders M 91,2% F 8,8% 24 years 38,6% ,4% ,4% 45 years 12,6% 4 The prices concern the dealer and dealer-user drug market. 5 Samples seized with a net weight less than 1g. In, the figures about cannabis potency are based in every analyzed sample, no matter the market level. 6 EMCDDA criteria: quantities 1kg (Can. resin, herbal can., cocaine and heroine) and 1000 tablets (ecstasy) 8 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

9 N. r of seizures Main substances seized (n) / Average Price 7 e Potency/Purity 8 Main substances seized - Lower and higher average value for each quinquennial Prices Per gramme Cocaine 44,65 50,07 42,52 48,63 Can. resin 2,99-3,59 2,30 3,03 Herbal can. 4,70 6,22 9 5,47 8,21 9 Heroine 33,25 37,57 25,64 31,61 Per tablet Ecstasy 2,80 3,68 9 2,58 4,43 9 Potency Cocaine (% cocaine cloridrate) Cannabis resin (% THC) Herbal cannabis (% THC) Heroine (%) Ecstasy (% mg MDMA) Per gramme 33,7 48,4% 32,8 40,3% 6,6 9,3% 11,7 18,0% 3,8 5,2% 5,4 8,3% 12,8 32,4% 11,5 19,5% Per tablet 22,2 59,8% 72,4 88,1% Presumed offenders (n) COURT DECISIONS UNDER THE DRUG LAW condemned individuals Gender / A. G. Condemned individuals M 89,2% F 10,8% years 36,8% ,1% ,3% 45 years 12,8% 7 Vide note 4. 8 Vide note 5. 9 Lack of data: herbal cannabis in and ecstasy in 2009, GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 9

INMATES CONDEMNED UNDER THE DRUG LAW 31/12/ 2 208 Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law Total inmates condemned: 11 662 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 Inmates

10 INMATES CONDEMNED UNDER THE DRUG LAW 31/12/ Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law Total inmates condemned: Inmates condemned under the Drug Law 82% condemned for drug trafficking, 17% for less Gender / Age Group Inmates condemned under the Drug Law M 88,1% F 11,9% years 5,7% ,6% ,0% 60 years 4,7% serious drug trafficking and 1% for others crimes under the Drug Law 31/12/ /12/ Total of inmates condemned and inmates condemned under the Drug Law (n) References: Balsa, Vital & Urbano (2017). IV Inquérito Nacional ao Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas na População Geral Portugal /17. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: uidos/lists/sicad_estudos/attachments/181/inpg%20 _2017_I%20relatorio%20final_dados_provisorios.pdf Calado, V., Carapinha, L. (2017). Comportamentos Aditivos aos 18 anos. Inquérito aos Jovens Participantes no Dia da Defesa Nacional. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: Concluidos/Lists/SICAD_ESTUDOS/Attachments/182/DDN_20 16_Relatoriocompleto.pdf Carapinha, L., Guerreiro, C., Ribeiro, C., Ferreira, L. (). Inquérito sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Jovens Internados em Centros Educativos Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: uidos/paginas/detalhe.aspx?itemid=169&lista=sicad_estud OS&bkUrl=/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos Feijão, F. (). Estudo sobre o Consumo de Álcool, Tabaco, Drogas e Outros Comportamentos Aditivos e Dependências, Retrieved from: cluidos/lists/sicad_estudos/attachments/170/relatório -ECATD-2015.pdf INE (2017). Causas de morte Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P. Retrieved from: blicacoes&publicacoespub_boui= &publicaco ESmodo=2 SICAD (2017). Relatório Anual : A Situação do País em Matéria de Drogas e Toxicodependências. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: OES/Attachments/129/RelatorioAnual A_SituacaoDo PaisEmMateriaDeDrogas_e_Toxicodependencias_PT.pdf Torres, A., Mendes, R., Gaspar, S., Fonseca, R., Oliveira, C., Dias, C. (2015). Inquérito Nacional sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Meio Prisional Relatório Final. Lisboa: CIEG/ISCSP Ulisboa. Retrieved from: cluidos/lists/sicad_estudos/attachments/158/incamp_2 016_Volume1.pdf 10 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2015

STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2015 STATISTICAL BULLETIN Title: Author: General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD) / Monitoring and Information Directorate (DMI) / Statistics and Research Division