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1 Afghanistan Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Kazakhstan Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244/99) Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Pakistan Republic of Moldova Serbia Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan 1 Updated March 2016

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3 Contents Introduction Afghanistan (Islamic Republic of)... 7 Republic of Albania Republic of Armenia Azerbaijan (Republic of) Belarus (Republic of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Kazakhstan (Republic of) Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244/99) Kyrgyzstan (Republic of) Montenegro Pakistan (Islamic Republic of) Republic of Moldova Serbia (Republic of) Tajikistan (Republic of) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan (Republic of) Updated March

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5 Introduction The field-based network of the Paris Pact Research and Liaison Officers is made up of national staff based in UNODC offices in Paris Pact priority countries in West and Central Asia as well as South Eastern Europe. Funding permitting, an expansion of the network along key trajectories of the southern route is envisaged to increase the coverage of UNODC s research capacity. All Paris Pact data collection and research related activities are carried out under the oversight of the Research and Trend Analysis Branch, Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs (DPA). The close cooperation between Research and Liaison Officers and the Drug Research Section in the Research and Trend Analysis Branch guarantees consistency in the data collection process which ultimately contributes to the UNODC World Drug Report. Paris Pact and AOTP research staff positioning along the major trafficking routes This compilation of country fact sheets consolidates data collected by the Paris Pact Research and Liaison Officers, based in the Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan, the Central Asian Republics of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, with the support of Afghan Opiate Trade Project (AOTP) staff located in Afghanistan and the Ukraine. The preparation of the country fact sheets also benefited from the work and expertise of staff in UNODC Headquarters and the Offices of the West and Central Asia region as well as South Eastern Europe. Furthermore, UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions, in particular the Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre (CARICC) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, that shared their knowledge and data. The ability to draw on their expertise and experience, along with their continued support, has been invaluable for the Paris Pact Initiative. The work of the Research and Liaison Officers has been facilitated by the financial contributions of the donors to UNODC s Paris Pact programme (GLOY09): Austria, France, India, Norway, the Russian Federation, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The maps featured in the fact sheets were generated on the Drugs Monitoring Platform (DMP the online tool for collecting, monitoring and mapping drug-related data, initiated jointly by the Paris Pact programme, AOTP and the Regional Office for Central Asia (ROCA), and operated by the Coordination and Analysis Unit in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Updated March

6 Core Team Coordination / Data Collection and Validation Rakhima MANSUROVA (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact; ROCA / Uzbekistan: Coordination and Analysis Unit) Data Collection Leila AHMADI (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact; Country Office in the Islamic Republic of Iran) Valentina ANCHEVSKA (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact; Programme Office in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) Hamid Ullah AZIZI (Research Assistant, AOTP; UNODC Headquarters Vienna) Volodymyr BEZNOGYKH (National Research Officer, AOTP; Programme Office in the Ukraine) Sinisa DURKULIC (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact; Programme Office in Serbia) Radmir KHAJBAKHTEEV (Project Clerk, Paris Pact; ROCA / Uzbekistan: Coordination and Analysis Unit) Amanullah KHAN (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact; Country Office in Pakistan) Sayed Jalal PASHTOON (National Research Officer, AOTP; Country Office in Afghanistan) Sevil QANBAROVA (Project Assistant; Regional Office for Central Asia / Azerbaijan) Denis TOICHIEV (Research and Liaison Officer, Paris Pact & AOTP; Programme Office in the Kyrgyz Republic) Mapping Support Irina TSOY (Database Specialist, AOTP; ROCA / Uzbekistan: Coordination and Analysis Unit) UNODC Headquarters in Vienna Chloé CARPENTIER (Chief Drug Research Section, DPA) Marie-Anne MENIER (Paris Pact Coordinator, Division for Operations (DO)) Kamran NIAZ (Statistician; Drug Research Section, DPA) Thomas PIETSCHMANN (Research Officer; Drug Research Section, DPA) Umidjon RAKHMONBERDIEV (Statistical Assistant; Data Development and Dissemination Unit, DPA) Ali SAADEDDIN (Research Assistant; Data Development and Dissemination Unit, DPA) Katharina KIENER-MANU (Programme Assistant, Paris Pact; DO) ******* The individual fact sheets as well as this compilation are available for download on ADAM, the Paris Pact s online information hub, under the menu item: Reference >> Country Fact Sheets. To access this page, you are required to register yourself on the platform and sign in with your user credentials. Please contact the Paris Pact Coordination Unit by paris-pact@unodc.org with any queries related to the fact sheets or the Paris Pact Research and Liaison Officers. ******* The country fact sheets are not official documents of the United Nations and have not been formally edited. The boundaries, names and designations used in this publication do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

7 FACT SHEET AFGHANISTAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Borders: China: 76 km, Tajikistan: 1,206 km, Uzbekistan: 137 km, Turkmenistan: 744 km, I.R. of Iran: 936 km, Pakistan: 2,430 km (Durand line) Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Interior Affairs of Afghanistan Area and administrative divisions Provinces Districts Density (sq.km) Area (sq.km) ,864 Source: Central Statistics Organization (CSO) of Afghanistan 1 Settled population by age and sex group March March 2012 March March 2013 March March 2015 March 2015 March 2016 Total estimated population, including 28,650,036 25,500,100 26,556,754 27,101,365 refugees Male 12,524,700 13,044,400 13,585,933 13,865,015 Female 11,960,900 12,455,700 12,970,821 13,236,350 Kuchi, male and female 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 2 n/a Refugees 2,664,436 (Jan 2012) 2,552,208 (June 2013) n/a n/a Source: Central Statistics Organization (CSO) of Afghanistan National Census, Population Statistics; UNHCR (refugees) UN estimates of annual total population (thousands) Total 27,962 28,809 29,727 30,683 31,628 32, aged 14,019 14,575 15,220 15,930 16,666 17,398 Source: UN World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision 1 Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook , Central Statistical Office, Kabul, Statistical indicators of Afghanistan , Central Statistical Office, Kabul, 2015 Updated March

8 POPPY CULTIVATION, ERADICATION AND PRODUCTION Opium poppy cultivation (after eradication) and potential production of opium, Cultivation (thousand ha) Opium production (mt) Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015, UNODC and MCN Annual Opium Survey reports, Eradication and casualties Verified eradication (thousand ha) Percentage of area eradicated Personnel fatalities n/a n/a * 5** Personnel injuries n/a n/a * 18** Source: UNODC and MCN Annual Opium Survey reports, , Afghanistan Drug Report 2013 Note: * 13 lives were lost and 26 persons were injured at the results of security incidences in ** 5 lives were lost and 18 persons were injured at the results of security incidences in Global potential production of oven-dry opium in Afghanistan and other countries, Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 Note: Estimation of opium production in Other countries is not available. Updated March

9 DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) and destroyed labs Jan-28 Nov (CNPA) Opioids: Heroin 10, , , , ,438.0 Opium 49, , , , ,689.0 Illicit morphine 64, , , , Cannabis-type: Hashish (resin) 62, , , , ,488.0 Marijuana (herb) n/a 42,201.2 n/a n/a n/a ATS: Amphetamine n/a n/a 25.2 Methamphetamine n/a n/a n/a 3.85 n/a Non-specified drug group: Poppy/cannabis seeds (kg) 28, , , , ,908.0 Precursors: Non-specified precursors 185, , n/a n/a 1,392.0 (kg) Non-specified precursors (lt) 49, , , , ,115.0 Number of clandestine laboratories detected n/a 41 n/a Destroyed heroin labs n/a 2 Source: Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan, UNODC World Drug Report Seizures of heroin, opium and illicit morphine in Afghanistan, (tons) Drug and precursor seizures from Afghanistan s borders (kg), 2013 Border to Morphine Heroin Opium Hashish Precursors kg lt Amphetamine I.R. of Iran , , , , Central Asia , , Pakistan 8,203 1, ,780 19,890 22, , Source: Ministry of Interior/Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan 3 Data of Afghanistan Country presentation, AOTP/EC HR-II/CARICC workshop on the Northern Rote of drug trafficking, 2-3 Dec 2015, Almaty Updated March

10 Seizures of hashish (resin) in Afghanistan, (tons) Counter narcotics operations Oct-Dec Total operations (cases) n/a 1,235 3,005 3,086 2,571 n/a Controlled Delivery operations led by CNPA 1 (China) (India) 4 (Tajikistan, RF) 5 (Tajikistan) 4 Source: Ministry of Interior of Afghanistan, Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan (Tactical Operation Centre-TOC) Controlled Delivery (CD) operations with foreign countries, Counter Narcotics Police Afghanistan, Oct 2008-Mar 2015 China India Tajikistan Russian Federation (RF) Number of CD operations Total seized drugs (kg) Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) Hashish (kg) Source: Ministry of Interior of Afghanistan, Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan 4 Tajikistan Drug Control Agency report on activities in 2015 Updated March

11 Map of heroin seizures in Afghanistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Feb Feb Heroin (unknown 3,651 3,453 2,123 2,038 (medium) 2,345 (medium) purity) Heroin (high purity) n/a n/a 3,243 3,091 3,412 Opium n/a n/a Marijuana (herb) n/a n/a Hashish (resin) n/a n/a Source: UNODC/MCN Surveys, UNODC ARQs Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. 5 Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring Monthly Report, February 2016, MCN/UNODC, Kabul. High and medium quality heroin prices are the averages of all observations. Opium prices reflect the trader prices of dry opium. 6 The same data source and comment. Updated March

12 Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Feb Feb Heroin Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Source: UNODC/MCN Surveys, UNODC World Drug Report 2015 Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Adulterants used in drugs in the country, Heroin Paracetamol, caffeine, sucrose, benzocaine (anaesthetic), methorphan (analgesic and antitoxic), diazepam, (anxiolytic), chloroquinine Opium Fresh dates, poppy leaf Hashish Caffeine Source: UNODC Research DRUG RELATED CRIME Drug-related arrest statistics (investigation, prosecution and conviction by the Criminal Justice Task Force), March 2010-March Criminal cases initiated Total crimes investigated and prosecuted Including against persons by gender: Male Female Including against: Afghan nationals Public officials Foreigners Approx. amount of drugs along with the cases: Heroin (tons) Illicit morphine (tons) Opium (tons) Hashish (resin, tons) Solid precursors (tons) Liquid precursors (lt) 30, ,330 21, ,103 Alcohol (lt) 44,350 59,000 42,780 26,439 29,208 Source: Criminal Justice Task Force of Ministry of Interior Affairs ( 7 Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring Monthly Report, February 2016, MCN/UNODC, Kabul. Average prices of heroin, opium and hashish at consumer level converted to US$ per grams. 8 The same source and comment. 9 The CJTF Investigation and Laboratory Department Serious receive narcotics and intoxicating drinks cases sent by the Counter Narcotics Police and other law enforcement agency of Afghanistan Updated March

13 DRUG INDUSTRY AND TRAFFICKING NETWORKS ( ) Afghanistan dominates the global opiate production. The opiate industry involves various processes: obtaining precursors, extracting opium, processing it into heroin/morphine and trafficking onward activities that require an equally extensive network of traffickers. A recent UNODC/MCN joint research found that such networks existed in each province visited. The number of trafficking networks and the links they have with other networks varies between provinces. The two maps examine the major and minor trafficking networks in each province. Estimated minor drug trafficking networks in Afghanistan Source: MCN/UNODC joint research study on opiate flow-2012 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Estimated major drug trafficking networks in Afghanistan Source: MCN/UNODC joint research study on opiate flow-2012 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

14 HAWALA SYSTEM Hawala is an ancient money-transfer system that traces its origins to South Asia. Relying heavily on trust and connections such as family relationships, the hawala system has come to be used all over Afghanistan. As is the case with any other remittance system, hawala can be - and is - used to launder money and support anti-government activities. Joint MCN/UNODC researchers interviewed several key informants (mainly hawaladars) across 18 provinces of Afghanistan. While most Afghans are new to the modern banking system, it is perhaps unsurprising to note that hawala has a significant presence in the country (Refer to the Maps). The informal nature of hawala, a lack of strict law enforcement to prevent misuse of the system and the close-knit nature of Afghan society mean that the Taliban and other AGE can use hawala to bypass legal regulations. Estimated unregistered hawaladars in Afghanistan Source: MCN/UNODC joint research study on opiate flow-2012 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

15 DRUG ABUSE Number of drug users and annual prevalence Number % 10 Number % 11 Drug users 920, , Adult male 740, n/a n/a Adult female 120, , n/a Children 60, n/a 14 n/a IDUs n/a n/a 20, Including users by drug type: Opium 150, , Heroin 50, , Hashish 520, , Pharmaceutical 180, n/a n/a Alcohol 160, n/a n/a Others 200, n/a n/a Source: Drug Use in Afghanistan: 2005 and 2009 surveys, UNGASS Country Report 2012, MCN Afghanistan Drug Report 2012 Note: There is no regular data collection system and lack of information and monitoring system from drug treatment centres. Annual prevalence of drug use 17 as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines 0.00 n/a 2009 Cannabis Cocaine 0.00 n/a 2009 Tranquilizers and sedatives 0.80 n/a 2003 Opioids Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2013 (latest available data) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death 2009 Number of deaths 16 Reference population 1,857,939 Rate per million aged Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Opioids 1 Fatal drug overdoses (%) 100 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available data) 10 Population sample: Both recreational and regular/problem drug use including alcohol use. 11 Population sample: Regular drug users were defined as those who had used opium, heroin, opioids and tranquilizers regularly in the past 12 months and past 30 days 12 Between 660,000 and 940,000 drug users 13 Afghanistan Drug Report 2012, Ministry of Counter Narcotics of the I.R. of Afghanistan, Kabul, November 2013, p % of opium using parents give it to their children (250,000 opium users) 15 as per cent of problem drug users 16 Afghanistan Drug Report 2012, Ministry of Counter Narcotics of the I.R. of Afghanistan, Kabul, November 2013, p Annual prevalence refers to the total number of people of a given age range who have used a given drug at least once in the past year divided by the number of people of a given age. 18 Opioid A generic term applied to alkaloids from opium poppy, their synthetic analogues, and compounds synthesized in the body. Updated March

16 Drug treatment services in Afghanistan Total including Total 2012 Government NGOs Services: In-patient (treatment centres ) Out-patient Outreach Harm reduction Village based Community based After care Shelter n/a n/a n/a 6 Treatment services by target groups: Adults Adolescent Children Capacity of services: Clinical staff (persons) In-patient services: Number of beds 2, ,270 2,740 Annual capacity 13,130 5,840 7,290 19,000 Out-patient services: Annual capacity 8,560 3,340 5,220 9,250 Home based services: Number of patients Annual capacity 3, ,920 3,920 Total annual treatment capacity 25,480 8,960 16,520 31,170 Source: Ministry of Public Health (2012), Ministry of Counter Narcotics (2015) Needs in treatment and treated persons 2009 Persons who need for treatment 780,000 Persons who received treatment 86,000 Source: Drug Use in Afghanistan 2009 Survey HIV/AIDS People living with HIV and HIV prevalence March March 2015 New HIV cases n/a Total HIV cases 905 1,250 1,367 1,529 1,644 HIV Prevalence: IDUs (%) 7 n/a n/a 4.4 (IBBS 2012) n/a Sex workers (%) (IBBS 2012) n/a MSM (%) 0.4 (IBBS 2012) n/a Inmates (%) 1 n/a n/a 0.7 (IBBS 2012) n/a Source: Ministry of Public Health/National AIDS Control Program, Integrated Biological Behavioral Survey (IBBS) 2012, Afghanistan Country Progress Report 2014, Central Statistical Organisation Afghanistan (March 2014-March 2015) Note: The number of HIV cases reported was obtained from different sources of information, not all of which follow the standard testing algorithm. In addition, there may be a risk of double counting. A new reporting system is established in Donors: INL (U.S. Department of State), Caritas (Germany), Norwegian Church Aid, Japan Government, World Bank, and UNODC 20 Including 94 male and 37 female 21 Including 14 male and 12 female Updated March

17 People living with HIV in Afghanistan, (Spectrum produced graph, estimation 2012) Source: UNGASS Country Progress Report 2014: Afghanistan, National AIDS Control Program, 31 March 2014 UNAIDS estimates of HIV and AIDS (with uncertainty bounds) Adults and children living with HIV 3,700 4,000 4,300 4,500 6,700 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 AIDS-related deaths in adults and children < 500 < 500 < 500 < 500 < 500 Adults (15+) living with HIV 3,500 3,700 4,000 4,200 6,300 Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, UNAIDS Country Profile ( DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Feb 2015 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of May 1985 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 14 Feb 1992 of 1988 (Ratification) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 24 Sep 2003 (Ratification) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 25 Aug 2008 (Ratification) 22 UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Afghanistan, Nov 2015 Updated March

18 FACT SHEET REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA Territory: Total 28,748 km 2 ; Water (%) 4.7 Borders: Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244/99) to the northeast, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (under UNSCR 817 (1993)) to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. Population (thousands) Total 3,150 3,154 3,162 3,173 3,185 2, aged 2,113 2,133 2,155 2,178 2,198 2,000 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Opioids: Heroin Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) 7, , , , , Hashish Cannabis seeds Cannabis oil (litres) n/a Cannabis plants (plants) 37,216 21,267 33,000 98, ,414 Cocaine-type: Cocaine Other miscellaneous: Cutting substances Source: Albanian State Police; EMCDDA, UNODC World Drug Reports , Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Updated March

19 International Operations and Controlled Delivery (CD) operations Jan-Nov International Operations CD operations by Police Partner countries Holland and USA Source: Albanian State Police Italy; Germany; Switzerland; France; Spain; Belgium; Slovenia; USA; Kosovo; SELEC Italy; Germany; Austria; Kosovo; FYR of Macedonia Heroin seizures, Cannabis seizures, Italy; France; Belgium; Holland; Switzerland (coordinated by EUROJUST) Italy; Greece; USA; Kosovo; Austria Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 23 Operations with special investigation techniques Updated March

20 DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin 14,570-18,550 19,545-25,129 23,200-30,930 22,100-29,500 22,180-29,500 Marijuana (herb) ,480-2,100 Hashish (resin) n/a n/a n/a n/a 2,460 Cocaine 46,370-53,000 48,860-55,840 48,969-57,990 46,650-55,250 46,800-55,450 Source: Albanian State Police, UNODC ARQs, UNODC World Drug Reports Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Retail prices of illicit (US$ per gram) Heroin Marijuana (herb) Cocaine Source: EMCDDA; Albanian State Police, UNODC ARQs, World Drug Reports Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Purity level of illicit drugs (in %) Heroin: At wholesale level At street level Marijuana (retail, potency 24 ) n/a Cocaine (retail) Source: UNODC ARQs, World Drug Reports, Albanian State Police DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Criminal cases initiated ,116 1,334 1,228 Rate (per 100,000) Cases of cannabis cultivation (Art. 284 of the Criminal Code) Cases on Articles 283 and 285 of the CC ,105 1,008 Manufacturing, selling narcotics products (Art. 283) Trafficking of narcotics products (Art. 283a) Possession of chemical substances and equipment (Art. 285) n/a Facilitating the drug use (Art. 285a) Tetrahydrocannabinol content 25 Dublin Regioanl report on Western Balkans, Council of the EU, Brussels, 15 April 2014, Updated March

21 Drug-related offences Other cases 2 2 n/a n/a n/a Source: EMCDDA National Report 2013: Albania; Albanian State Police, Dublin Group reports Offenders prosecuted and convicted Total offenders prosecuted 891 1,041 1,387 1,420 n/a Rate (per 100,000) n/a For cannabis cultivation (Art. 284) For other offences ,245 1,331 1,509 Manufacturing, selling narcotics products (Art. 283) ,071 1,134 1,303 Traffic of narcotics products (Art. 283a) Possession of chemical substances and equipment (Art. 285) n/a Facilitating the drug use (Art. 285a) n/a n/a 0 2 n/a Offenders convicted for cannabis cultivation n/a n/a n/a Source: EMCDDA; Albanian State Police, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2011, Mini Dublin Group Reports Organized crime groups Number of organized crime groups 47 n/a n/a Persons involved Groups with international links revealed n/a n/a Source: Albanian State Police, EMCDDA National Report 2013: Albnia DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries Total number Rate (100,000) Opiate users (%) Cannabinoid users (%) IDUs (%) 85.6 n/a 88.3 n/a Source: EMCDDA National Reports of Albania, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013, INSTAT (Albanian Institute of Statistics) Estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID) 2011 Number of PWIDs 4,000-6,000 Prevalence of PWIDs among population aged (%) Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available data) Drug-related deaths and overdoses Drug-related deaths Drug overdoses 3* 7 n/a n/a Note: *There is no reliable data on drug-related deaths in Albania Source: EMCDDA; Forensic Medicine Institute Registry 26 Ibid 27 The period January-November Period January-April Dublin Regioanl report on Western Balkans, Council of the EU, Brussels, 15 April 2014, Updated March

22 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000) Number of people tested for HIV n/a 24,190 26,005 26,966 37,478 Total HIV cases n/a Rate (per 100,000) n/a IDUs (%) n/a n/a <1% n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS; EMCDDA; Ministry of Health, Institute of Public Health, UNGASS Country Progress Report for Estimates of people living with HIV and HIV prevalence National estimates: PLWHA IDUs (%) n/a 1 n/a MSM (%) n/a 10 n/a Pregnant (%) n/a 4 n/a UNAIDS estimates: Number of people living with HIV n/a n/a < 1,100 Adults aged 15 and up living with HIV n/a n/a < 1,100 Source: Ministry of Health, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 Status n/a Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Jan 2003 (accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 27 Jun 2001 of 1988 (accession) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 21 August 2002 (ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 21 August 2002 (ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 21 August 2002 (ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 08 February 2008 (accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 25 August 2008 (ratification) Updated March

23 FACT SHEET REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Territory: Borders: 29,743 sq. km. 1,448 km Azerbaijan: 930 km, Turkey: 280 km, Georgia: 196 km, Iran: 42 km Population (thousands) Total 2,963 2,968 2,978 2,992 3,006 3, aged 2,043 2,066 2,090 2,111 2,127 2,136 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Opioids: Heroin Opium Illicit morphine (grams) Poppy plants: Poppy straw Pharmaceutical opioids: Buprenorphine Codeine Methadone Omnofone (Papaveretum) Other illicit opiates: Acetylised opium Other illicit opioids: Desomorphine Cannabinoids: Marijuana (herb) Cannabis plants (kg) Hashish (resin) Cannabis oil Other types of cannabis: Tetrahydrocannabinol (grams) Updated March

24 Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ecstasy-type substances Non-specified: Psychotropic substances Substances not under international control: Synthetic cannabioids (Spice) AM-2201 (grams) n/a n/a JWH-018 (grams) n/a n/a Precursors Non-specified (millilitre) , Source: UNODC World Drug reports data ( ), Police of the Republic of Armenia ( ) Police estimates of drug trafficking, Transit country Drugs being transported Mode of transportation Iran Opium, heroin, amphetamine Air, land Turkey Heroin, methadone and ecstasy (less volume) Land Russian Federation Spices n/a France Subutex (buprenorphine) Air, mail (in Jan-Sep 2015) Source: Police of the Republic of Armenia Hemp-Poppy operations in the country led by the Police, (kg) Hemp (wild growing and illicit) 84,511 82,666 94,879 85,453 68,887 Poppy (wild growing and illicit) Source: Drug Trafficking Situation in Armenia, Police reports for Heroin seizures in Armenia, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, 30 Illegal Drug Trafficking Situation in Armenia, Report Police of the Republic of Armenia. Erevan, 2015 Updated March

25 Opium seizures in Armenia, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The map does not display all drug seizures. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin, brown (unknown purity) 100, , , ,000 Opium 50,000-70,000 30,000-60,000 Buprenorphine (1,000 tablets) 120, ,000 n/a Marijuana (herb) 10,000-15,000 10,000-15,000 Hashish (resin) 10,000-20,000 20,000-30,000 Cocaine salts 250, , , ,000 Methamphetamine 150, ,000 n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Reports Note: Comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Heroin, brown (unknown purity) Opium Buprenorphine (tab) n/a n/a n/a Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Cocaine salts n/a Methamphetamine n/a n/a n/a n/a Amphetamine n/a n/a n/a n/a Ecstasy (tab) n/a n/a n/a Source: Police of the Republic of Armenia, UNODC World Drug Reports Note: Comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. Updated March

26 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences (according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia) Criminal cases initiated 1,525 1,139 1, , Rate (per 100,000)* including offences by articles of the Criminal Code: With intent to sell (Art. 266) Without intent to sell (Art. 268) Illicit cultivation (Art. 273) Others (Art. 267, 269, 272, 274) Source: Police of the Republic of Armenia Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates. Persons convicted for drug-related crime (according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia) Jan-Sep 2015 Persons convicted Rate (per 100,000)* Female Foreigners Source: Police of the Republic and National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates. DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in the drug treatment centres Primary drug abusers n/a 574 Rate (per 100,000)* n/a 19 Drug addicts n/a n/a Toxic substance users n/a n/a Total people diagnosed with drug addiction n/a n/a n/a 5,022 5, Source: National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates. Drug testing among people referred by law enforcement agencies Number of persons with identified drug 1,130 1,009 1,523 1,685 1,070 Cannabis (%) Opiates (%) Synthetic drug (%) Source: Police of the Republic of Armenia Illegal circulation of narcotic substances or psychotropic substances for the purpose of their sale (parts 1-4). 33 Illegal circulation of narcotic substances or psychotropic substances without the purpose of their sale. 34 Illegal sowing or growing of plants prohibited for cultivation, containing narcotic, psychotropic, strong and poisonous substances. 35 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the EU, Brussels, 11 November Drug Trafficking Situation in Armenia, Report for the nine months 2015, Police of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 2015 (In Russian language), p.5 Updated March

27 Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines 0.04 n/a 2005 Cannabis 3.50 n/a 2003 Cocaine 0.10 n/a 2005 Ecstasy-type substances 0.10 n/a 2005 Opioids Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available estimates) HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000) By gender: Male (%) n/a Female (%) n/a By mode of transmission: Injecting drug use n/a n/a Heterosexual contacts n/a n/a Homosexual contacts n/a n/a Mother-to-child n/a n/a Through blood n/a n/a Unknown n/a n/a Total HIV cases 1,153 1,381 1,619 1,953 2,247 Rate (per 100,000) Source: National Center for AIDS Prevention, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2014 Estimation of PLWHA and HIV prevalence by the National Center for AIDS Prevention of Armenia PLWHA 2,500 3,500 3,500 3,800 3,800 IDUs (%) ( ) n/a Sex workers (%) n/a MSM (%) n/a Inmates (%) 1.1 n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Reports, National Center for AIDS Prevention HIV estimates by UNAIDS Estimated adults and children living with HIV Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) ,200 3,300 3,500 3,700 4, Adult (15-49) incidence rate n/a n/a AIDS-related deaths in adults and children <500 <500 <500 n/a <200 Adults and children newly infected with HIV <500 <500 <500 n/a n/a 37 HIV/AIDS Epidemics in the Republic of Armenia, National Center for AIDS Prevention, Ministry of Health, accessed 1 February 2016, 38 HIV/AIDS Epidemics in the Republic of Armenia, National Center for AIDS Prevention, Ministry of Health, accessed 1 February 2016, 39 UNAIDS HIV and AIDS estimates, accessed 25 September 2014 Updated March

28 HIV estimates by UNAIDS Estimated adults (15+) living with HIV 3,200 3,300 3,500 3,600 3,900 Adults (15+) newly infected with HIV <500 <500 <500 n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013 CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Sep 1993 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Sep 1993 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties 13 Sep 1993 (Accession) Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 01 July 2003 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 01 July 2003 (Ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 01 July 2003 (Ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 26 Jan 2012 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 08 March 2007 (Ratification) Updated March

29 FACT SHEET AZERBAIJAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 86,600 sq. km State borders: with I.R. of Iran and Turkey - in the south with Russian Federation - in the north with Georgia - in the north west with Armenia - in the west Source: Azerbaijan in Figures 2014, State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan Population (thousands) Total 9,100 9,228 9,361 9,497 9,630 9, aged 6,492 6,629 6,752 6,885 6,972 7,067 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Opioids: Heroin Opium Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone n/a kg, 1,350 tabs Buprenorphine n/a n/a n/a n/a 400 pills Poppy plants n/a n/a n/a Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) 1, Cannabis plants 4,756.6 kg, 4,539.3 kg, ,166 plants 8,503 plants n/a 12,689 plants Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine n/a n/a n/a n/a Methamphetamine n/a n/a Non-specified drug group: Psychotropic substances kg, 2,500 tabs and 20 ampoules 7.5 kg 15,420 tabs n/a kg, 1,750 tabs 40 National Annual Report on Drug Control 2015, State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Updated March

30 Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Substances not under international control: Others n/a Green mass containing wild growing drug 366, , , , ,601.2 plants destroyed (kg) Precursors: Potassium permanganate n/a n/a n/a Other precursors n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data, Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors (CARICC), State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan Percentage of drug seizures by authority Ministry of Internal Affairs (%) State Security Service (%) State Customs Committee (%) State Border Service (%) Prisons (%) Total Source: State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of National Security, State Coms Committee and State Border Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heroin seizures in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

31 Opium seizures in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

32 International Operations and Controlled Delivery International operations Controlled-Delivery Operations Joint/simultaneous operations Azerbaijan-Russian Federation n/a n/a n/a Total seized drugs (kg) ,120 n/a n/a n/a Source: State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan, National Drug Prevention Public Union of Azerbaijan, Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan, CARICC DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Jan Jan Jan 2016 Heroin (unknown purity) 9,000-16,000 18,000-23,000 15,000-20,000 15,000-20,000 15,000-20,000 Opium 1,200-1,500 1, ,000-7,000 3,000-7,000 3,000-7,000 Marijuana (herb) n/a 1,000-3,000 6,000-8,000 6,000-8,000 6,000-8,000 Hashish (resin) 1,500-2,000 2,000-5,000 3,000-4,000 2,500-4,000 2,500-4,000 Source: CARICC (2011, 2015), UNODC ARQ data (2012), State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of Azerbaijan ( , 2016) Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates as well as data source and may not necessarily reflect changes. Retail prices of illicit (US$ per gram) Jan Jan Jan 2016 Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Marijuana (herb) n/a Hashish (resin) Source: UNODC ARQ data (2011, opium), CARICC (2012), State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking (2014, 2016) Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates as well as data source and may not necessarily reflect changes. Examination of narcotic drugs, 2015 Samples Weight (kg) Heroin 1, Opium Marijuana Cannabis plant Hashish Methamphetamine MDMA (ecstasy) Cocaine Synthetic cannabinoid (spices) Source: National Annual Report on Drug Control 2015, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking 41 Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan in cooperation with the Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation. 42 Country Report on Drugs Control in the Republic of Azerbaijan Annual Report, State Commission on Fighting Against Drug Addiction and Illegal Drug Trafficking of Azerbaijan, Baku, 2011, p The table reveals the tendency on drug prices for , the main source of information is based on CARICC s data, reported by the government of Azerbaijan while the World Drug Reports contain data on drug prices until National Annual Report on Drug Control 2013, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2014, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2014, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2015, p The table reveals the tendency on drug prices for , the main source of information is based on CARICC s data, reported by the government of Azerbaijan while the World Drug reports contain data on drug prices until National Annual Report on Drug Control 2013, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2014, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2014, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2015, p. 19 Updated March

33 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Criminal cases initiated 2,921 2,590 2,744 3,349 3,187 Rate (per 100,000)* including by type of offence (number of cases): Possession 1,762 1,660 1,755 2,202 2,062 With intent to sell Smuggling n/a Illicit cultivation Other types n/a Source: National Drug Prevention Public Union (2011), State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan ( ), CARICC (smuggling offences, 2011) Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Nationality of people arrested for committing drug-related crimes in the country Total arrested 2,617 2,181 2,197 2,579 2,587 Rate (per 100,000)* including by gender: Male 2,555 2,136 2,146 2,502 2,478 Female including by nationality: Citizens of Azerbaijan 2,555 2,107 2,141 2,511 1,201 Foreign citizens CIS citizens I.R. of Iran Turkey Slovakia India Canada Afghanistan Others Total drugs seized from foreigners (kg) Source: CARICC, State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan Note: *- The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. CIS citizens arrested for committing drug-related crimes in the country Georgia Russian Federation Turkmenistan Ukraine Annual Report on Drug-related Situation in Azerbaijan 2012, National Drug Prevention Public Union, SCAD Regional Program (EU/UNDP project). 50 Statistical information for submitted to the State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking to CARICC, National Annual Report on Drug Control 2013, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2014, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2014, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2015, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2015, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2016, p CARICC Statistical Information for National Annual Report on Drug Control 2013, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2014, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2014, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2015, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2015, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2016, p National Annual Report on Drug Control 2014, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2015, p Press Release of the State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, 10 August 2015, Updated March

34 Source: CARICC, State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan Drug-related crimes committed in the state of drug intoxication Drug-related crimes (DRC) Persons convicted for DRC Source: State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan 60 Drug-related crimes committed by groups Individual groups Organized criminal groups 6 62 n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan, State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, CARICC DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers registered in drug-treatment centres Total number of persons: Drug addicts 26,716 27,910 28,376 28,656 28,555 Injecting drug users 15, , , , , Toxicomen Newly registered persons: Drug addicts 1,999 1,878 1,509 1,235 2,017 Injecting drug users 68 1,349 1, n/a n/a Toxicomen n/a Source: State Statistical Committee (drug users and toxic substance users, ), State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Treatment of registered drug users Treated registered drug users: Inpatient 1,108 1, Outpatient 822 1, Methadone therapy Source: Compendium of Drug-related Statistics concerning GUAM Member States, GUAM report in the framework of the GLOV20 project Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis 3.5 n/a 2004 Opiates Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available estimates) Country Report on Drugs Control in the Republic of Azerbaijan Annual Report, State Commission on Fighting Against Drug Addiction and Illegal Drug Trafficking of Azerbaijan, Baku, 2011, p Ibid 63 Global AIDS Response Progress Report Azerbaijan, January 2010-December 2012, Baku, 2012, p Compendium of Drug-related Statistics Concerning GUAM Member States, Kiev, March 2014, p. 31 ( data) 65 ARQ 2013 data 66 Press-release of the State Commission on Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 67 National Annual Report on Drug Control 2015, State Commission for Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, Baku, 2016, p Compendium of Drug-related Statistics Concerning GUAM Member States, Kiev, March 2014, p. 31 ( data) Updated March

35 Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths Reference population 6,200,302 6,703,717 Rate per million aged Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Tranquilizers and sedatives 1 - Opioids 2 1 Source: UNODC World Drug Reports (latest available estimates) HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000)* Including by gender, percent of new HIV cases Male (%) Female (%) Including by mode of transmission, percent of new HIV cases Injecting drug use (%) 58 n/a Sexual contacts (%) 35 n/a Mother-to-child (%) Donor blood (%) n/a n/a Unknown (%) n/a n/a Total HIV cases 3,267 3,784 4,298 4,902 5,629 Rate (per 100,000)* Including by gender, percent of total HIV cases Male (%) n/a n/a Female (%) n/a n/a Including by mode of transmission, percent of total HIV cases Injecting drug use (%) Sexual contacts (%) Mother-to-child (%) 1.3 n/a Donor blood (%) Unknown (%) Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Report Azerbaijan , Republican AIDS Centre of Azerbaijan, State Commission Countering Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2014) Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Sentinel Surveillance 2011 on knowledge, risks and prevalence of HIV and sexually and parenterally transmitted infections in most-at-risk populations in Azerbaijan Prevalence (%) People who inject drugs 9.5 (2-16.7) Sex workers 0.7 (0-4) MSM 2.0 (Baku city) Prisoners 5.8 Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Report Azerbaijan 2014, UNODC World Drug Report Updated March

36 Survey 2011: Estimating sizes of populations at risk for HIV and AIDS in Azerbaijan Estimated number People who inject drugs 71,283 (43,736-98,830) Sex workers 25,054 (4,396-41,874) MSM 6,572 (4,396-8,748) Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Report Azerbaijan 2014, UNODC World Drug Report 2015 HIV and AIDS estimates by UNAIDS Number of people living with HIV 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,200 8,400 Adults aged 15 and up living with HIV 9,900 10,000 10,000 9,000 8,300 AIDS-related deaths in adults and children < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 n/a < 500 Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Jan 1999 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Jan 1999 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Sept 1993 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 30 Oct 2003 a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 30 Oct 2003 Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the 30 Oct 2003 UNTOC c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 3 Dec 2004 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 1 Nov accessed September 2014 Updated March

37 FACT SHEET BELARUS (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 207,600 sq. km. 2,969 km (Russian Federation: 990 km, Ukraine: 975 km, Lithuania: 462 km, Poland: 399 km, Latvia 143 km) Population (thousands) Total 9,492 9,488 9,491 9,497 9,500 9, aged 6,758 6,745 6,725 6,701 6,674 6,642 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Jan-Sep 2015 Opioids: Heroin Opium Poppy plants: Poppy straw Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone Illicit morphine n/a n/a n/a Other illicit opiates: Acetylised opium n/a n/a 1.99 n/a n/a Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Cannabis oil Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ecstasy type substances Other stimulants: Non-specified n/a n/a 7.3 n/a n/a Methcathinone n/a 0.08 n/a n/a n/a Updated March

38 Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Jan-Sep 2015 Sedatives and Tranquillizers: Benzodiazepines: Phenazepam n/a n/a n/a n/a Diazepam (stesolid) n/a n/a n/a n/a Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (Luminal) n/a n/a n/a n/a Substances not under international control: Opioids under national, but not under int. control: Tramadol n/a n/a n/a n/a Synthetic cathinones: MDPV n/a n/a n/a n/a Plant-based substances: Mushrooms n/a n/a n/a n/a Synthetic cannabioids (Spice): JWH n/a n/a Source: National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Belarus 73, Ministry of Internal Affairs and UNODC World Drug Report 2015 Clandestine laboratories specified Jan-Sep 2015 Total number of clandestine laboratories Alpha-PVP n/a 4 Amphetamine (non-specified) n/a Hashish n/a n/a JWH n/a n/a Mephedrone n/a Methamphetamine (non-specified) n/a n/a Methadone n/a n/a Psychotropic substances n/a n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Reports ( ), Ministry of Internal Affairs (2014, 2015) 71 Naphthoylindole 72 Naphthoylindole Updated March

39 Heroin seizures in the Republic of Belarus, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Average wholesale prices (US$ per kg) Jan-Sep 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 25,000-40,000 25,000-30,000 25,000-30,000 25,000-30,000 n/a Marijuana (herb) 2,000-4,000 3,000-7,000 3,000-7,000 3,000-7,000 10,000 Hashish (resin) 7,000-15,000 10,000-15,000 10,000-15,000 10,000-15,000 10,000 Cocaine 70,000-70, ,000 80, ,000-80,000 70,000-80,000 50,000 Amphetamine n/a n/a n/a 15,000-20,000 n/a Ecstasy n/a n/a n/a 25,000-30,000 n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (2010, 2015), UNODC World Drug Reports (2011, 2012 and 2013) Average retail prices (US$ per gram) Jan-Sep 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) n/a Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Cocaine n/a Amphetamine n/a n/a n/a n/a Synthetic cannabinoids n/a n/a n/a (Spice) n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (2010), UNODC World Drug Reports (2013, 2014 and 2015) 74 The prices were converted from grams as reported in the World Drug Report 2015 to kilograms for clarity. 75 The prices were converted from grams as reported in the World Drug Report 2015 to kilograms for clarity. Updated March

40 Composition of heroin and cocaine, 2010 Heroin Caffeine, dextromethorphan, phenobarbital, chloroquine, diphenhydramine, metamizole sodium, paracetamol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, etc. Cocaine Levamisole, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate Source: National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Belarus (latest available data) DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Jan-Sep 2015 Criminal offences recorded (Art , 380 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of 4,532 4,230 5,037 7,356 5,464 Belarus) Rate (per 100,000)* By type of offences (Articles , 228, 380 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus): Stealing (Art. 327) Trafficking (Art. 328): Without intent to sell (part 1) 3,194 3,180 3,546 4,388 2,432 With intent to sell (parts 2, 3 and 4) 1, ,325 2,805 2,861 Illicit cultivation (Art. 329) n/a n/a Drug rule violation (Art. 330) n/a Inclination towards drug use (Art. 331) Brothel maintenance (Art. 332) Smuggling (Art. 228) n/a n/a Illicit drug prescription (Art. 380) n/a n/a Source: National Statistics Committee, Committee of State Security ( ), Ministry of Internal Affairs ( ) Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sep 2015 Suspects arrested 2,934 2,738 2,836 4,135 2,987 Rate (per 100,000)* Female n/a Foreigners n/a 58 Offenders convicted 2,757 2,253 2,494 3,471 n/a Rate (per 100,000)* n/a Female n/a Source: National Statistics Committee ( ), Ministry of Internal Affairs ( ) Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates. Offenders committed in the state of drug intoxication Jan-Sep 2015 Crimes in the state of drug intoxication 1,271 1,577 1,709 2,138 1,669 Offenders committed a drug-related crime in the state of drug intoxication 855 1,120 1,186 1,497 1,464 Source: National Statistics Committee ( ), MIA ( ) Crime committed by individual groups Jan-Sep 2015 Number of drug-related offences Source: National Statistics Committee ( ), MIA ( ) Updated March

41 DRUG ABUSE Drug users recorded Number of drug users recorded 10,929 11,308 12,228 12,382 11,816 Rate (100,000)* Drug addicts 10,495 10,872 11,814 11,990 11,411 Inhalant abusers (toxicomen) Drug users diagnosed for the first time 1,889 1,486 1,653 1,537 1,432 Rate (100,000)* Drug addicts 1,833 1,428 1,595 1,484 1,346 Inhalant abusers (toxicomen) Source: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN population estimates Injecting drug users (IDUs) IDUs, recorded 11, , n/a IDUs, estimated n/a 50,000 75, Source: Ministry of Health, 79 Global AIDS Progress Reports of the Republic of Belarus Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis Opioids 0.59 n/a 2011 Cocaine Amphetamines 0.35 n/a 2006 Ecstasy-type substances Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2014, ESPAD (latest available estimation) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths Reference population 6,758,430 6,631,415 Rate per million aged Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Cannabis 3 2 Opioids 1 1 Solvents and inhalants 2 3 ATS, tranquilizers and sedatives 3 3 Fatal drug overdoses (%) 12 9 Source: UNODC World Drug Reports Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2014of the Republic of Belarus 79 Public Health Care in the Republic of Belarus in 2011, Ministry of Interior, Minsk, 2012 Updated March

42 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Dec New HIV cases 1,196 1,223 1,533 1,811 1,725 Rate (per 100,000)* Injecting drug use n/a Sexual ,304 1,402 n/a Others n/a Total HIV cases 12,955 14,178 15,711 17,522 19,247 Rate (per 100,000)* People living with HIV n/a 11,058 12,213 13,527 14,912 Source: Ministry of Health 81, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2012, Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN population estimates Estimate of HIV prevalence among IDUs, CSWs and MSM (according to the Sentinel Surveillances) IDUs (%) 13.7 (Minsk City) Female sex workers (%) MSM (%) Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Reports of the Republic of Belarus UNAIDS HIV estimates 2014 Number of people living with HIV 29,000 Adults prevalence rate (aged 15-49, %) 0.5 Adults aged 15 and up living with HIV (%) 29,000 Women aged 15 and up living with HIV (%) Deaths due to AIDS (%) 1,000 Source: UNAIDS, (accessed 24 November 2015) DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Apr 1997 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 (Accession) 80 HIV Situation in Belarus, accessed 4 January Public Health In the Republic of Belarus 2014, Statistical Yearbook, Ministry of Health, Minsk, 2015 Updated March

43 Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 31 Jul 2008 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 18 Jun 2008 (Accession) Updated March

44 FACT SHEET BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Territory: 51,209 sq km Borders: 1,459 km (Croatia 932 km, Serbia 312 km, Montenegro 215 km) Estimated population (thousands) Total 3,832 3,828 3,824 3,818 3,810 Aged ,747 2,742 2,736 2,725 2,708 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision Estimated population (thousands) Total 3,843 3,840 3,840 3,792 3,827 Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Opioids: Heroin Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) Cannabis (skunk) n/a n/a n/a Hashish (resin) n/a Cannabis plants (pcs) 7,769 7,241 4,276 4,298 6,141 Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine 0.44 kg, 9.2 kg, kg, 4,500 units 3 units tabs kg kg Ecstasy-type substances 7 grams, 1 gram, 2.4 grams, 16,505 tabs 950 tabs 154 tabs 8 tabs 164 tabs Precursors: No seizures recorded Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, UNODC ARQ 2011, 2013, EMCDDA Country Review: Bosnia and Herzegovina Preliminary result of the 2013 census 83 The amount includes kg of non-specified ATS and kg of amphetamines as reported in the World Drug Report Updated March

45 International Controlled Delivery and Joint Operations by Bosnia and Herzegovina s main police agencies, 2012 Police Agency International Controlled- Delivery Operations by Police 1 SIPA (State Investigation and Protection Agency): seizure of 2 kg of Pirovaleron (psychoactive controlled substance) and arrest of 2 persons Joint International Police Police of the Republic Srpska entity with the Croatian police: seizure of 1 Operations 900 g of heroin, 110 g of cocaine and arrest of 4 persons Signed Agreements signed in 2012 Bilateral Police Cooperation Agreements 23 With Sweden and Moldova Source: Directorate for Coordination of Police Bodies of BiH Drug seizures in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012-October 2015) Heroin, Opium, Cannabis, Cocaine, Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina; DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 13,250-15,900 22,000 16,750-20,620 20,005-26,673 24,600-27,100 Marijuana (herb) 660 (high) n/a 1,030-1,675 1,330-2,000 1,800-2,200 Skunk type of cannabis 2,400 n/a 1,500 n/a n/a Cocaine salts n/a 51,000 51,550-83,760 60,015-66,683 55,500-61,600 Ecstasy-type substances (1,000 tablets) n/a n/a 1,289-2,577 n/a n/a Amphetamine 4,000 11,000 3,870-5,155 6,668-8,002 6,200-12,300 Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, World Drug Reports 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2015, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Updated March

46 Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Heroin Marijuana (herb) Skunk type of cannabis n/a n/a Cocaine Cocaine salts n/a Crack n/a n/a n/a n/a Ecstasy (tablet) Amphetamine Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, World Drug Reports 2013 and 2015, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013 Purity levels of street drugs Street heroin (%) n/a 10 4 (3-5) Marijuana n/a n/a Amphetamine (%) n/a 80 n/a Cocaine (%) n/a 50 n/a Source: Directorate for Coordination of Police Bodies of BiH, World Drug Reports 2013 and 2015 Adulterants used in heroin and cocaine mixtures Drug Impurity Heroin Paracetamol, caffeine Amphetamine Talcum powder, lactose Cocaine Lidocaine, lactose Source: Directorate for Coordination of Police Bodies of BiH DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Criminal cases initiated 1,300 1,345 1,452 1,343 1,411 Rate (per 100,000)* Persons committed n/a 1,560 1, ,572 1,641 Rate (per 100,000)* n/a Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Number of drug-related organized crime groups dismantled Total Border Police of BiH (national) n/a n/a 1 SIPA (State Investigation and Protection Agency) (national) n/a n/a 10 Federal Police and Cantonal Ministries of Interior n/a n/a 35 Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska n/a n/a 12 Police of the Brcko District n/a n/a 2 Source: Directorate for Coordination of Police Bodies of BiH, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report Mainly citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, some of them with dual citizenship with other ex-yugoslav republics, followed by Montenegrins, Croats and Serbs. Updated March

47 DRUG ABUSE Drug users receiving treatment Any illicit drug 1,370 2,000 Heroin (%) Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina 2014 National Report to the EMCDDA (2012), World Drug Report 2015 (2013) Drug-related deaths 2012 Any illicit drug 40 Source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina People who inject drugs (PWID) Estimated number of PWID 7,500 12,500 Prevalence among population aged (%) Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (2009 data), 2014 National Report to the EMCDDA: Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012 data) Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamine Cannabis Cocaine Ecstasy-type substances Opioids 0.3 n/a 2009 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2015 (latest available estimates) Lifetime prevalence of drugs in general population (%) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2012 Republika Srpska, 2010 Any illicit drug Opioids n/a Cannabis Ecstasy 0.1 n/a Amphetamine 0.2 n/a Cocaine/crack 0.1 n/a Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina Lifetime prevalence of drugs among youth (%) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2011 Republika Srpska, 2011 Cannabis Heroin Amphetamine Ecstasy Source: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina 86 Pharmaceutical opioids (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use) Updated March

48 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Total HIV-positive cases n/a New AIDS cases n/a n/a 8 4 Total AIDS developed cases n/a Source: EMCDDA Country Review: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013 Common routes of HIV transmission among people living with HIV (cumulative data) Injecting drug use (%) Heterosexual (%) Homosexual/Bisexual (%) Source: 2014 National Report to the EMCDDA, Bosnia and Herzegovina DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Sep 1993 (Succession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Sep 1993 (Succession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Sep 1993 (Succession) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 24 Apr 2002 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 24 Apr 2002 Children, supplementing the UNTOC (Ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the 24 Apr 2002 UNTOC (Ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and 1 Apr 2008 Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC (Acceptance) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 26 Oct 2006 (Ratification) Updated March

49 FACT SHEET GEORGIA Territory: Borders: 69,700 sq. km in the south Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey, in the north Russian Federation Source: Statistical Yearbook of Georgia 2014, National Statistics Office of Georgia Population (thousands) Total 4,250 4,196 4,139 4,083 4,035 4, aged 2,922 2,863 2,842 2,804 2,771 2,746 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision. DRUG SEIZURES Drug seizures (kg) Jan-Aug Opioids: Heroin Opium Illicit morphine Poppy plants: Poppy Poppy straw Pharmaceutical opioids: Codeine Methadone Buprenorphine kg kg kg Report on Drug Situation in Georgia, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, Tbilisi, 2015, p Data of the Georgia country presentation, AOTP/EC HR-II/CARICC workshop on the Northern Route of drug trafficking, 2-3 December 2015, Almaty 89 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 90 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p.13, 91 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 92 And kg of extract of poppy straw 93 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 94 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p.13, 95 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 96 Ibid Updated March

50 Drug seizures (kg) Jan-Aug (1,776 pills) 97 (700 pills) 1,704 pills (3,220 pills) Fentanyl n/a Other illicit opioids: Desomorphine n/a Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) Hashish Cannabis plants (kg) , , Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ecstasy n/a kg 112 tabs Substances under national, but not under international control: Opioids under national control: Tramadol tabs n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Reports, Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of Georgia, Dublin Group reports Heroin seizures in Georgia, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 97 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 98 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p.13, 99 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 100 Ibid 101 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p.13, 102 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p.26, 103 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p.13, f 104 Ibid 105 Ibid Updated March

51 Situation on New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) in Georgia To reduce the increasing supply of new psychoactive substances, the Government of Georgia developed a regulatory and institutional framework for tackling illegal trafficking and consumption. Legislative amendments to existing drug related laws as well as a new law on New Psychoactive Substances came into force on 1 May Amendments take into account European experience regarding the criminalization of major groups of chemical substances utilized for production of NPS. The State Commission on Supporting Suppression of Distributing New Psychoactive Substances was established (with the participation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA), Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs and Ministry of Finance) to monitor the challenges related to NPS, trend analysis and development of suitable proposals to the Government. The statements by the Commission indicate that after adoption of the law, trafficking of NPS decreased by 90% in June 2014-April 2015 compared to the period June 2013-April From 1 May 2014 until 1 May 2015, law enforcement agencies recorded 229 criminal cases of illicit traffic in NPS, arrested 241 persons and seized 7.9 kg of NPS. MIA Forensic-Criminalistics Main Division identified over 260 objects of NPS from May 2014 until May 2015 (majority of them belongs to Cannabinomimetic compounds). Before 1 May 2014, there were dozens of cases of ordering NPS over the internet and importing them across the borders of Georgia per month, while in the period of May 2014-May 2015 only five cases have been identified. Law enforcement agencies recorded 53 cases related to NPS at Georgian borders during the similar period of , while only 5 cases have been identified in the same period of that indicate 90% decrease in trafficking of NPS. The effectiveness of the law is evidenced by the outcomes in drug supply and demand reduction that have been actually achieved. According to official statistics, since May 2014 gradually less and less persons were referred to treatment centers and consumption of new NPS was reduced by 90% by the end of 2014 as a consequence of the campaign No to bio drugs and the law on new NPS. References: 1. First Annual Report on Existing Situation in Georgia Relating to New Psychoactive Substances, Police, Tbilisi, Press releases of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia on and ; Regional report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus to Council Delegations of the EU, DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Marijuana (herb) n/a Buprenorphine (per tab) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, World Drug Reports, data of the UNODC Questionnaire on the Last Trends in Opiate Trafficking in the GUAM Members States- Notes: 1) Retail prices are collected in local currency and converted to $US. They may differ from data as reported by government due to different conversions made by MIA and UNODC. 2) For completeness of information, the table is compiled from different available sources. In connection with this, comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution because of different exchange rates used and may not necessarily reflect changes Compendium of Drug-Related Statistics Concerning GUAM, the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM), March 2014, p Ibid 111 Dublin Group Regional report on Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and republic of Moldova, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 6 November 2012, p Updated March

52 Drug purity at retail level (%) Heroin Source: World Drug Reports ( ), Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia ( ) DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences registered (articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia) Number of criminal 3,776 3,173 10,635 7,312 2,631 (Jan-Sep) offences 112 Rate (per 100,000) (Jan-Sep) including: Illegal turnover 113 (260, 1,544 1,217 3,564 2, (Jan-Sep) 261) Smuggling 114 (262,263) (Jan-Sep) Illicit cultivation 115 (265) (Jan-Sep) Offences without purpose to sell 116 (273) 2,030 1,792 6,646 3,978 1,487 (Jan-Sep) Others (264, , 274) (Jan-Sep) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, World Drug Reports data (latest available data of the number of criminal offences are for ) People arrested and convicted for drug-related crimes (Articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia) Jan-June 2015 Total arrested people 3,895 2,552 8,879 6,826 n/a (Articles of the CC) Rate (per 100,000) n/a Female (%) n/a Total convicted people 117 (Article 260 of the CC) 1,849 1,100 2,660 2, (Jan-June) Rate (per 100,000) (Jan-June) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (arrested people) and Supreme Court of Georgia (convicted people, ), World Drug Reports (latest available data for ) Nationality of people arrested for drug-related crimes (Articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia) Total arrested people 4,990 3,831 2,552 8,879 6,826 National citizens 4,950 3,815 2,527 8,737 6,586 Foreign citizens CIS citizens Turkey n/a 66 Others Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia 112 under Articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia 113 Illicit manufacture, production, purchase, store, transport, dispatch or sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (Articles 260 and 261) 114 Smuggling of drugs and psychotropic substances (Articles 262 and 263) 115 Seeding and cultivation of drug plants (Article 265) 116 Offences related to personal use of small amount of drugs, its analogy and precursors (Article 273) 117 Conviction for Illegal production, manufacturing, acquisition, storage, transportation and sale of drugs, Updated March

53 CIS citizens arrested, by nationality (Articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia) Azerbaijan Russian Federation Armenia Others Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia DRUG ABUSE Drug abuse Main drug of use Cannabis, opioids n/a Main problematic drug of use Subutex, 118 heroin n/a Number of drug abusers (estimated) , ,000 n/a People registered in the Ministry of Internal Affairs 141,509 n/a IDUs aged (estimated) 40, ,000 Source: SCODC, 121 UNODC ARQ data (2011, 2012) Profile of IDUs in five cities of Georgia (survey 2009) Total number of IDUs 1,127 Median age 35 Age of first drug use (median) 17 Age of first drug injection (median) 19 Percent of people ever shared syringe 59% Percent of people shared at last injection 6% Source: Prevalence of HIV among injection drug users in Georgia. Chikovani et al. Journal of the Int. AIDS Society, 2011 Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines Cannabis Ecstasy-type substances Opioids Source: UNODC World Drug Reports (latest available estimates) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths n/a 15 Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Opioids 1 n/a Amphetamine-type stimulants 2 n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Reports (latest available estimates) 118 Buprenorphine Statistical data on illicit Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in Georgia. SCODC 120 Drug Situation in Georgia, Overview, Addiction Research Centre. Javakhshvili et al., Tbilisi, South Caucasus Office for Crime and Crime, Updated March

54 Number of patients treated with opioid substitution and detoxification therapy Opioid substitution ,118 2,352 2,523 4,613 Detox n/a 656 Source: Drug Situation in Georgia, Annual Report 2013, Addiction Research Development Project (Addictology Development in Georgia, EC, USAID, Czech Development Agency) Tbilisi, Primary drug abuse among persons treated for drug problems, 2012 Cannabis (%) 0.3 Opioids (%) 63.0 Amphetamine-type stimulants (%) 20.7 Tranquilizers and sedatives (%) 4.0 Other drugs (%) 12.0 Total number of people treated Source: UNODC ARQ 2012 data HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000)* Injecting drug use (%) n/a Sexual contacts (%) n/a Blood transfusion (%) n/a Vertical transfusion (%) n/a Unknown (%) n/a Total HIV cases 124 3,033 3,608 4,131 4,695 5,412 Rate (per 100,000)* Source: National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia 125, Global AIDS Response Reports, Infection Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center of Georgia 126 Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. People living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV prevalence at high risk groups (estimated) PLWH 4,000 5,000 n/a 6,640 6,800 People who inject drugs (%) n/a n/a Female sex workers (%) n/a n/a n/a MSM (%) 7.01 n/a (Tbilisi) n/a Prisoners (%) n/a 0.25 n/a 0.3 (2012) n/a Source: Georgia National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan for (2010 data), Global AIDS Response Progress Reports (2011, 2013 and 2014 data), World Drug Report 2015 (2012 data of IDUs) The figures may reflect number of persons or treatment episodes; the figures excludes alcohol and nicotine Results of the Bio-behavioral surveillance survey (BSS) among people who inject drugs in six selected locations of Georgia. Source: UNGASS Country Report 2014, Georgia, p Results of the BSS 2014 among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tbilisi and Batumi. Source: UNGASS Country Report 2014, Georgia, p Percentage of men who have sex with men who are living with HIV; results of the BSS 2012 among MSMs in Tbilisi. Source: UNGASS Country Report 2014, Georgia, p.11 Updated March

55 HIV and AIDS estimates by UNAIDS Number of people living with HIV 5,400 5,900 6,600 6,400 6,600 Adults aged 15 to 49 prevalence rate (%) Adults aged 15 to 49 incidence rate (%) n/a n/a Deaths due to AIDS- < 200 < 200 < 200 n/a < 100 Adults and children newly infected with HIV < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 n/a n/a Adults aged 15 and up living with HIV 5,300 5,900 6,600 6,300 6,500 Adults aged 15 and up newly infected with HIV < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, March 200 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Jan 1998 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Jan 1998 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 5 Sept 2006 (Ratification) d) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 5 Sept 2006 Children, supplementing the UNTOC (Ratification) 5 Sept 2006 e) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC (Ratification) f) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 4 Nov 2008 (Accession) Updated March

56 FACT SHEET IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 1,648,195 sq. km. Azerbaijan (432 km/268 mi) and Armenia (35 km/22 mi) to the north-west; Turkmenistan (992 km/616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km/565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km/582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km/310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km/906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. Population (thousands) Total 74,462 75,424 76,424 77,447 78,470 79, aged 53,035 53,676 54,309 54,913 55,460 56,428 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Opioids: Heroin 23,096 10,181 13,730 13,459 16,099 Opium 373, , , , ,649 Opium, remnant 3,168 1,978 n/a n/a n/a Shireh (opium residue) n/a n/a n/a Illicit morphine 6,811 6,997 10,429 12,717 7,992 Cannabis-type: Cannabis herb (Marijuana) 13,948 n/a n/a n/a n/a Cannabis resin (Hashish) 57,096 66,693 76,067 77,828 95,570 Cocaine-type: Cocaine n/a n/a n/a ATS: Methamphetamine 3,917 3,357 3,677 2,644 2,419 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports , UNODC World Drug Reports Updated March

57 Seizures of illicit precursor and other substances Acetic anhydride (lt) 80 2, , , n/a Acetic chloride (lt) 0 16,000 0 n/a n/a Ammonium chloride (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a 238,000 Ephedrine (kg) n/a 2, , n/a n/a Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports (data for 2012 are not available) Kitchen laboratories destroyed by law enforcement agencies Methamphetamine n/a Source: Drug Control Headquarters reports, UNODC ARQ data Note: There are no heroin labs in Iran as reported by Drug Control Headquarters and Anti Narcotic Police. Seizure cases (in percentage) by transportation method of drug trafficking, 2013 Air n/a n/a n/a 0 0 Mail n/a n/a n/a 1 1 Road n/a n/a n/a Sea n/a n/a n/a 1 1 Source: Annual Report Questionnaire 2013 Map of heroin seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013 Inbound Heroin Opium Cocaine Methamphetamine Morphine Outbounbounbounbounbounbounbound In- Out- In- Out- In- Out- Inbound Outbound 130 Destined to Afghanistan 131 4,000 litres destined to Kyrgyzstan; 1,330 destined to Pakistan; 28,064 destined to Afghanistan 132 The consignment was originated from China, destined to Afghanistan 133 Source: Anti Narcotic Police kg originated from Pakistan; 48,006 kg originated from Iraq Updated March

58 Map of opium seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013 Map of morphine seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013 Updated March

59 Map of hashish seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013 Joint/simultaneous and Maritime Operations Jan-Sept 2015 I.R. of Iran-Pakistan Total seized drugs (kg) 2, , ,267.3 n/a Opium (kg) 2, , n/a Heroin (kg) n/a Hashish (kg) , ,020 n/a Morphine (kg) n/a I.R. of Iran-Afghanistan Total seized drugs (kg) 2, Opium (kg) Heroin (kg) Hashish (kg) Morphine (kg) Source: Drug Control Headquarters and Anti Narcotic Police Reports Updated March

60 Maritime operations in 2013 As a result of a real-time intelligence led regional exchange and cooperation between the I.R. of Iran and United Arab Emirates (UAE) from August 2013, approximately 7,284 kg of drugs (heroin, opium, and hashish) were seized in the waters of the I. R. of Iran and the United Arab Emirates. The covert intelligence plan for this maritime drug control operation started 5 months earlier through exchanges of details and telephone numbers of a group of drug traffickers among Pakistan, Iran and UAE police. The destination of seized drugs, as stated by the Iranian police (with reference to what arrested traffickers have admitted to UAE police) were regional Arab markets (mostly hashish), and African onwards European destinations (heroin). The opium seized in this operation was destined to enter Iranian and UAE territories from the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf. During this operation, 10 members of an international drug trafficking network were arrested by Iranian coast guards in Iranian waters. An intelligence-led exchange operation took place as the result of close cooperation among Iran, Oman and UAE. The operation started in mid-september, followed by ten days of extensive surveillance of a vessel run by drug traffickers. The operation led to the arrest of a number of traffickers and seizure of the vessel by Omani authorities. The intelligence exchanged among the three countries indicated that the trafficker vessel with drug cargo had left a Pakistani port carrying around 1 ton of different types of drugs in sealed packs. There seems to be a new drive in the region for boosting maritime cooperation against illicit drug trafficking (and illicit chemical trafficking) between the I. R. of Iran and regional Arab states. Source: Islamic Republic of Iran Anti Narcotic Police and Drug Control Headquarters reports DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 1,630-7,124 3,640 1,930-11,815 1,440-8,518 Opium , , ,160 Hashish (cannabis resin) Methamphetamine n/a 6,835 4,560-9,130 7,301 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports, World Drug Reports Note: Prices are collected in local currency but are presented in US dollars. The conversion into US dollars is based on official UN rates. However, comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. The single figures reflect typical prices. Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) 2009 Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Hashish Source: World Drug Report 2015 (latest available data) Drug purity and composition of drugs identified by of the Research Center of Anti-Narcotics Police, 2012 Heroin Heroin hydrochloride Purity Natural Adulterant Morphine, Codeine, n/a Tebaine, Papaverine, Narcotine, Meconin n/a Source: Research Center of Anti-Narcotics Police, IRA Caffeine, Acetaminophen, Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Dextromethorphan, Lidocaine, Hydrocotarnine, Phenolphetaleine Caffeine, Acetaminophen, Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Methophane, Lidocaine, Hydrocotarnine, Phenolphetaleine Updated March

61 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Suspects arrested in the country (persons) Distributors/traffickers 285, , , , ,042 Average daily arrests of n/a distributors/traffickers Foreigners 3,773 3,431 3,802 n/a n/a Drug users 14,748 34,397 48,398 66,977 n/a Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports and Anti Narcotic Police Report on Drug Situation in the I. R. of Iran Organized drug-related crime Trafficking groups dismantled 2,461 2,579 2,940 2,816 2,885 Source: DCHQ Drug Control Reports DRUG ABUSE Centers active in the field of treatment and harm reduction Governmental No. of centers n/a n/a No. of admissions 81, , , ,584 85,122 Non-Governmental No. of centers 1,954 1,994 2,446 n/a n/a No. of admissions 586, , , , ,378 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Centers active in the field of treatment and harm reduction, 2014 No. of centers Number of admissions Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) n/a 476,232 Maintenance treatment with Buprenorphine n/a 95,402 Outpatient detoxification n/a n/a Inpatient detoxification 12 1,550 Drop-in Centers ,237 Outreach teams ,257 Shelters 51 6,887 Therapeutic Centers 19 1,222 Medium-term residential rehab center ,345 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Annual Report for 2014 Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Cocaine Opioids 2.27 n/a 2010 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2015 (latest available data) Updated March

62 Based on the Annual Report Questionnaire 2013, filled out by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the estimated number of drug users is 1.3 million and the annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged is 2.65%. The data was derived from a General Population Survey, carried out by the Drug Control Headquarters in Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths 3,673 3,593 3,056 2,957 Reference population 53,132,124 53,244,800 54,309,370 55,275,782 Rate per million aged Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Opioids n/a ATS Source: UNODC World Drug Reports, HIV/AIDS 135 New HIV/AIDS cases reported, March Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS cases according to gender, March 2015 HIV/AIDS AIDS Deaths Total 29,414 6,990 6,202 Male 25,887 5,763 5,841 (%) Female 3,527 1, (%) Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health Transmission method in HIV/AIDS cases Until 21 March 2015 Total number 29,414 Injecting drug use (%) 66.6 Sexual intercourse (%) 14.5 Blood and blood products (%) 0.8 Mother to child (%) 1.4 Unidentified (%) 16.7 Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health 135 The figures are cumulative, indicating the number of HIV/AIDS and death cases from the beginning of data reporting from the Ministry of Health (1986) to end of each fiscal year. Updated March

63 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification/accession status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, August 1972 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of August 2000 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of December 1992 Ratification/accession status of Crime-Related Treaties United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC Status Under consideration by the Parliament United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 20 April Updated March

64 FACT SHEET KAZAKHSTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 2,724,900 sq. km. Source: Kazakhstan in Figures. Committee on Statistics, Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2014 Borders: China: 1,783 km Kyrgyzstan: 1,242 km Russian Federation: 7,591 km Turkmenistan: 426 km Uzbekistan: 2,351 km Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan 136 Population (thousands) Total 16,211 16,554 16,821 17,100 17,372 17, aged 11,258 11,368 11,478 11,578 11,663 11,729 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES SEIZURES Drug seizures (kg) Opioids: Heroin Opium Illicit morphine: Morphine Morphine HCL Poppy plants: Poppy straw Opium poppy Other illicit opiates Extracted opium Acetylated opium Pharmaceutical opioids: Fentanyl Codeine Promedol Buprenorphine Methadone Other illicit opioids: Desomorphine White poppy Updated March

65 Drug seizures (kg) Cannabinoids: Marijuana (herb) 27, , , , , Cannabis plants (kg) Hashish (resin) Cannabis resin 5, Cannabis oil Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cocaine-type Cocaine salts ATS Amphetamine Methamphetamine n/a n/a n/a n/a Ecstasy-type substances Prescription stimulants: Pyrovalerone Other stimulants: Methcathinone Sedatives and Tranquillizers Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam Diazepam Bromazepam Barbiturates: Pentobarbital Phenobarbital Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Note: Most of the synthetic drugs are not related to smuggling and were seized in the course of annual Doping operation that aims to identify and suppress smuggling, as well as the leak of under controlled narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors trafficking. Heroin seizures in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Source: Joint online platform of UNODC AOTP and Paris Pact projects, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 138 Pervitin Updated March

66 Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Source: Joint online platform of UNODC AOTP and Paris Pact projects, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Precursors and other substance seizures Acetic anhydride (litters) Sulphuric acid (litters) , Ephedra herb (kg) Potassium permanganate (kg) Toluene (litters) Hydrochloric acid (litters) 10, , , Acetone (litters) , Ethyl ether (litters) Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Illicit cultivation and wild growing drug plants Cannabis: Cases Revealed plants 79,750 13,856 40,269 47, ,020 Areas revealed (sq.m) Areas destroyed (sq.m) Opium poppy: Cases Revealed plants 1, , ,510 Areas revealed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Areas destroyed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Wild growing cannabis: Cases Precursor seizures are not related to smuggling of substances 140 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2015: Central Asian Region (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p.10 Updated March

67 Illicit cultivation and wild growing drug plants Revealed plants 2, , Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Note: No any cases related to ephedra cultivation. Provinces of Kazakhstan where sites of illicit cannabis cultivation were revealed, 2014 (42,631 plants) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Provinces of Kazakhstan where sites of illicit opium poppy cultivation were revealed, 2014 (926 plants) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Updated March

68 International and Controlled Delivery (CD) operations International operations 32 n/a 4 (Jan-Jun) n/a 16 (Jan-Jun) CD operations conducted by MIA CD operations with other countries Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan-Russian Federation Kazakhstan-Tajikistan Total seized drugs in the country (kg) , (Jan-Oct) Heroin (kg) Source: Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Center (CARICC), Department on Fighting with Drug Business of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan CSTO-led Kanal regional anti-drug operations on territories of the CSTO Member States (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation and Tajikistan) Dec 1-4 Oct May Sept May Operation name Channel- Channel- Channel- Channel- Channel- Transport Caucasus South trap Valley Patrol Total seized drugs (kg) ,000 12,450 2,607 1,618 (295.3 in Kaz) Heroin (kg) (73.5 in 976 ( 5 kg in Kaz) Kaz) 145 Opium (kg) Marijuana (kg) Hashish (kg) , ,413 0 Synthetic substances (kg) Precursors (kg) , ,390 Source: The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs collected (US$ per kg) 1 Jan Jan Jan July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 5,000-12,000 5,000-12,000 10,000-20,000 18,000-20,000 18,000-20,000 Opium 6,000-8,000 5,000-6,000 3,000-5,000 2,000-10,000 5,000-9,000 Marijuana Hashish ,000-1, , ,500 Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Kazakhstan 146, CARICC Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets and Drug Situation 2012, CARICC report, Almaty, 2013, p.56 Updated March

69 Retail prices of illicit drugs collected (US$ per gram) Jan Jan Jan Jan 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Marijuana (herb) Hashish (hashish) Cocaine n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan 149 Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets. Drug purity/potency (data of the National Laboratory) Heroin (%) (average) 150 Marijuana (%, THC) n/a Hashish (%) n/a Amphetamine (%) n/a Source: CADAP, 151 Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Internal Affairs Note: The purity of heroin and amphetamine is the percentage of pure substance the sample contains. The potency of cannabis products is determined by their content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) expressed as a percentage. Composition of heroin and cocaine Heroin Caffeine, dextromethorphan, phenobarbital, chloroquine, diphenhydramine, metamizole sodium, paracetamol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, etc. Cocaine Levamisole, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate Source: CADAP, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan DRUG-RELATED CRIME Total crime and drug-related offences ** Total crimes/offences recorded 206, , , ,291* 386,718 Rate (per 100,000)*** 1,249 1,710 2,104 1,965 1,288 Drug-related crimes/offences recorded 152 4,360 3,886 3,639 3,552 9,549 (crimes) (crimes) (crimes) (crimes) (offences) Rate (per 100,000)*** Including by type of crime as per cent of total drug-related offences (according to the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan): 153 Drug smuggling (%, Art. 250) (Art. 286) Illicit circulation without intent to sell (%) n/a n/a n/a n/a 72 (Art.296) Illicit manufacture, purchase, storage, transportation, transfer or sale (%, Art. 259) (Art. 297) Theft or extortion of drugs (%, Art. 260) (Art. 298) Inclination towards drug use (%, Art. 261) (Art. 299) Illicit cultivation of plants containing narcotic substances (%, Art. 262) (Art. 300) 147 The table reveals the tendency on drug prices for , the main source of information is based on CARICC s data, reported by the government of Kazakhstan while the World Drug Reports contain data on drug prices until The above-mentioned prices are based on the CARICC data and can differ from the prices submitted by MIA of Kazakhstan to UNODC since UNODC prices are linked to heroin purity. 149 Drug Situation 2012, CARICC, Almaty, 2013, p These figures provided by national authority of Kazakhstan during discussion of heroin purity at the CARICC/UNODC regional workshop on June 2013 in Almaty, Kazakhstan 151 National Report on the Drug Situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012, National Scientific and Practical Centre on Medical and Social Problems of Drug Addiction/CADAP, Offences related to illicit trafficking of drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances and precursors 153 A new Criminal Code containing came into force in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1 January Updated March

70 Total crime and drug-related offences Illicit turnover of toxic substances, substances, tools, or equipment used for production and processing of drugs (%, Art. 263) Organisation and maintenance of brothels for the consumption of drugs (%, Art. 264) Violation of the rules for handling narcotic substances (%, Art. 265) Illegal prescription of drugs (%, Art. 266, p. 5) Number of cases related drug revenue laundering ** (Art. 301) (Art. 302) (Art. 303) n/a (Art. 218) Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Notes: * - According to information from the Legal Statistics Committee, decrease in total crime in is related to a policy of full registration of statement of crimes being conducted by the Prosecutor General's Office. ** - Figures of 2015 cannot be compared because of changes in the Criminal Code and methods of registration of criminal offences. Since 1 January 2015, criminal offenses are considered from the moment of registration of accidents in the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigation, whereas in the past years the crimes are registered only after initiation of criminal case or refusal to initiate proceedings for non-rehabilitating grounds. *** - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. People arrested and convicted for drug-related offences* People arrested 2,423 after investigation ,048 after investigation 2,065 after investigation 2,109 after investigation 5,882 before pre-trial investigation Rate (per 100,000)** Female (%) Convicted people 2,426 1,996 1,875 2,027 n/a Rate (per 100,000)** n/a Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CARICC Notes: * - Figures of 2015 cannot be compared because of changes in the Criminal Code and methods of registration of criminal offences. Since 1 January 2015, criminal offenses are considered from the moment of registration of accidents in the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigation, whereas in the past years the crimes are registered only after initiation of criminal case or refusal to initiate proceedings for non-rehabilitating grounds. ** - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Foreigners who committed drug-related offences in the country Total foreigners Including: Russian Federation Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Others countries Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan 154 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2014: Central Asian Region. (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p Ibid 156 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2015: Central Asian Region. (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p Including stateless persons Updated March

71 Persons arrested for committing crime being in the state of drug intoxication and registered in Police (based on the completed criminal cases) Persons committed crime, total ,898 (offences) Persons committed drug-related crime n/a ,635 (offences) Offences committed by female n/a (offences) Offences committed by juveniles (offences) Source: Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Organized crime Crimes committed by groups (Jan-Jun) n/a Crimes committed by OCG n/a Organised groups liquidated by Ministry of Internal Affairs (Jan-Oct) (Jan-Sep) OCG members sentenced n/a (Jan-Oct) 11/ 10 Total drugs seized from OCG (kg) n/a 175 n/a n/a n/a Heroin (kg) n/a 4 n/a n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CARICC DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in drug treatment centers Number of addicts diagnosed 6,145 5,062 5,624 5,142 5,336 for the first time Rate (100,000)* including by gender: Male 5,677 4,835 5,213 4,871 5,099 Female including by drug type: Opioids users (%) n/a Cannabioid users (%) n/a Polydrug users (%) n/a IDUs (%) n/a n/a Total number of drug users 46,766 40,858 39,498 34,221 31,049 Rate (100,000) including by gender: Male 43,128 37,744 36,503 31,462 28,738 Female 3,638 3,114 2,995 2,759 2,311 including by drug type: Opioids users (%) Heroin users (%) Cannabinoid users (%) n/a Polydrug users (%) n/a 33.1 IDUs (%) n/a n/a Source: RCARDA 164, Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Note: *- The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. 158 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2015: Central Asian Region. (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p Crimes committed by Organised Criminal Groups (OCG) and criminal societies 160 Drug Control Committee, Review of Drug Situation in the Republic Kazakhstan in 2012, Ministry of Interior, Astana, 2013, p Information on the Extended Board Meeting of the Ministry of Interior of Kazakhstan, accessed on 27 November Drug Control Committee, Review of Drug Situation in the Republic Kazakhstan in 2012, Ministry of Interior, Astana, 2013, p Polydrug use is the use of two or more substances at the same time or sequentially. 164 Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan Updated March

72 Opiate users (estimated) Total number (aged 15 to 64) 103,000 n/a n/a n/a Injecting drug users (IDUs) 100, , , , Mean age 27.5 n/a n/a n/a Lifetime use of heroin (%) 83 n/a n/a n/a Lifetime use of opium (%) 47 n/a n/a n/a Source: UNODC (2006), Republican AIDS Center (2011) 167 Annual prevalence of drug use as a percentage of the population aged UNODC best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis Opioids 1.0 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 Drug treatment Patients treated in drug use inpatient hospitals Treated drug users taken-off outpatient and preventive care 168 Patients who received anonymous treatment Source: RCARDA ,691 6,809 6,456 6,626 7,464 3,331 3,568 4,425 2,904 4,308 12,689 10,195 7,639 6,149 9,754 Drug overdoses and mortality among drug users Non-fatal drug overdoses 1,057 1,059 1,743 1, Fatal overdoses 1, Source: UNODC ARQ data for , RCARDA ( ), Legal Statistics Committee of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( ) HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Persons tested for HIV 2,207,055 2,341,969 2,450,517 2,460,363 n/a As per cent of total population n/a New HIV cases 170 2,006 2,015 1,993 2,208 2,327 Rate (per 100,000)* Female n/a n/a n/a Injecting drug use (%) n/a n/a Sexual contacts (%) n/a n/a Total HIV cases ,763 19,748 19,905 22,109 n/a Rate (per 100,000)* n/a Injecting drug use (%) n/a n/a 60.9 n/a n/a 165 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2011, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2012, p Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2013, p Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction, The number of users of psychoactive substances taken from the dispensary and preventive surveillance in connection with the recovery and long-term remission 169 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2014, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2015, p Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2013, p Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2013, p.15 Updated March

73 Source: Republican AIDS Center, Global AIDS Response Progress Reports Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. People living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV prevalence (estimated) Number of PLWH 18,000 19,000 n/a 20, n/a IDUs (%) Sex workers (%) MSM (%) Inmates (%) Source: Republican AIDS Center, UNAIDS (PLWH), UNGASS Country reports DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Apr 1997 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 31 Jul 2008 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 18 Jun 2008 (Accession) 172 Share of female exceeded 40% among newly identified HIV cases. Interview with the chief of the Republican AIDS Center, The increase caused by changes in methodology of Survey Surveillance. 174 Republican AIDS Center, Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2012, p.17 (figures ) Updated March

74 FACT SHEET KOSOVO (UNDER UNSCR 1244/99) Territory: Total 10,908 km 2 Borders: Kosovo is landlocked, and borders the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (under UNSCR 817 (1993)) to the south (167.6 km), Albania to the west (116.3 km) and Montenegro to the northwest (78 km). The remaining frontier belt is with the Central Serbian region which is the source of international dispute (381.6 km). Source: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Kosovo Kosovo Agency of Statistics. Pristina, May 2014 Population: 1,825,632 (2011) Source: Eurostat Population Total 1,780,021 1,793,745 1,805,853 1,816,891 1,827,231 Aged ,152,044 1,179,966 1,196,573 1,213,774 1,230,548 Source: Kosovo Agency of Statistics 175 DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Opioids: Heroin Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) , Hashish (resin) n/a Cannabis plants (pcs) 9,724 3,604 10,580 1,512 6,930 Cannabis seed (seed) n/a n/a n/a n/a 5,165 Cocaine-type: Cocaine ATS: Ecstasy (tablets) Non-specified drug group: Non-specified drugs Precursors: Non-specified precursors Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX, Mini Dublin Group, EMCDDA 175 Kosovo Population Projection , Pristina, December 2013, The data in the CFS is from the Kosovo Police through the Mini Dublin Group and EMCDDA reports. 177 Dublin Group Regioanl Report on Western Balkans, Council the EU, Brussels, 15 April 2015, p.34 Updated March

75 International Operations International Operations Partner countries Source: Kosovo Police Jan-Sept Montenegro; Albania; FYR of Macedonia; Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; EULEX Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Austria; Italy; Croatia; Slovenia; Switzerland Heroin seizures, Cannabis seizures, operations finished; 2 on-going; 1 in preparation FYR of Macedonia; Germany; EUROPOL Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 19,871-26,494 23,405-30,289 21,850-28,285 21,850-28,285 21,000-27,000 Marijuana (herb) , , , ,105 Cocaine 82, ,144 82, ,144 77,142-77,142-73,700-98, , ,850 Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$) Heroin (per 0.6 gr) Marijuana (herb, per 5 gr) Cocaine (per 0.6 gr) Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX Updated March

76 Drug purity (%) Heroin Cannabis (THC) n/a 3 3 Note: EMCDDA: Kosovo Police, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Criminal cases initiated Rate (per 100,000)* including offenses: Possession Trafficking Cultivation Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX, Dublin Group Regional Report on Western Balkans (14 April 2015, 6 May 2015) Note: * The rates were calculated by using data of the Kosovo Population Projection Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sept 2014 Suspects (total) Rate (per 100,000)* Male Female Suspects arrested n/a n/a n/a n/a 514 Offenders convicted (Jan-June) n/a n/a n/a Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX, EMCDDA, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013 Note: No statistics on organized crime exists, as per the Mini Dublin Group report and the Kosovo Police * The rates were calculated by using data of the Kosovo Population Projection Organized crime groups Number of organized crime groups 19 Persons involved 70 Groups with international links revealed n/a Source: Kosovo Police, EULEX, Mini Dublin Group DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries Total number Rate (100,000)* Opiate users (%) 82 n/a 71 Cannabinoid users (%) 8 n/a 15 IDUs (%) 38 n/a 36.5 Source: EMCDDA (latest available data) Note: * The rates were calculated by using data of the Kosovo Population Projection Arrested in 2014: 53 Kosovo citizens, three citizens of the fyr of Macedonia, 11 Albanian citizens, one USA citizen, one Montenegrin citizen, and one Columbian citizen. Updated March

77 Opiate users (estimated) 2011 Total number (aged 15 to 64) 10,000-15,000 Injecting drug users (IDUs) n/a Mean age 28.5 Lifetime use of heroin (%) n/a Lifetime use of opium (%) n/a Source: EMCDDA, UNAIDS, AML Report on Kosovo (latest available estimates) Psychiatric Clinic of Number of clients the University In-patient Clinical Centre of Out-patient Kosovo Female (%) Opiate users (%) n/a 71 Cannabis (%) 8 n/a 15 Cocaine & other stimulants (%) 3 n/a 2.5 IDUs n/a n/a 36.5 NGO Labyrinth, Pristina Number of clients Out-patient Female (%) Heroin (%) n/a IDUs n/a Source: EMCDDA Note: There is no data collection system covering drug treatment for the entire country, and the centres involved in treatment provision keep records of their clients separately. Deaths among clients of the NGO Labyrinth Drug overdoses n/a Source: EMCDDA HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases New AIDS cases n/a Total HIV cases Total AIDS cases Deaths due to HIV/AIDS n/a n/a Source: World Health Organization 181, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2015 Kosovo 179 Drug treatment in Kosovo is primarily provided by two organisations: the Psychiatric Clinic of the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, and the NGO Labyrinth. Drug treatment options provided by these two agencies include detoxification services, psychosocial treatment and pharmacotherapy with methadone. Since 2012 two regional hospitals in Gjilan and Gjakova have provided methadone treatment. Source: EMCDDA Country Overview: Kosovo, accessed in October Mainly heroin users 181 Review of the HIV Programme in Kosovo (in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999)). WHO Technical Assistance for concept note development under Cooperative Agreement with the Global Fund. WHO, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2014, p. 4 Updated March

78 Cumulative modes of HIV transmission, MSM, 8, 9% Heterosexual, 79, 88% PWID, 1, 1% Mother-tochild, 2, 2% Source: World Health Organization DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 Note: Kosovo is not a UN Member State, and therefore this part is not applicable. Status n/a n/a n/a Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) n/a a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and n/a Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC n/a c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC n/a United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) n/a Note: Kosovo is not a UN Member State, and therefore this part is not applicable. Updated March

79 FACT SHEET KYRGYZSTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: Kazakhstan: Uzbekistan: Tajikistan: China: 199,900 sq. km 1,224 km 1,099 km 870 km 858 km Source: Kyrgyzstan in Figures 2014, National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic Population (thousands) Total 5,465 5,554 5,648 5,746 5,844 5, aged 3,582 3,639 3,690 3,738 3,782 3,824 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Drug and precursor/other substance seizures 182 (kg) Total drugs and precursors 45, , , , , Opioids Heroin Opium Poppy straw Poppy plants (kg) Cannabis-type Marijuana (herb) 1, , , , , Hashish (resin) Cannabis plants (kg) 14, , , , , Non-specified Pharmaceuticals Substances not under international control Other substances Precursors: 27, , , , , Sulphuric acid (lt) , Ephedra herb 27, Non-specified - - 4, , , Source: National Statistics Committee, State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan, CARICC 182 Precursor seizures are not related to smuggling of substances Updated March

80 Share of law enforcement agencies in investigation of drugs related crimes (in %) Drug Control Service Ministry of Interior National Security Custom Service n/a a Border Guards n/a n/a n/a < 0.2 n/a Prison Service Prosecutor s Office < Source: State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan International and Controlled Delivery (CD) operations Jan-Jun 2015 International operations CD operations conducted: CD operations with other countries Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a n/a n/a Heroin (kg) 99.9 n/a 59.1 n/a n/a Hashish (kg) n/a 74.1 n/a n/a Source: State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan Opiate seizures in the Kyrgyz Republic, Legend: - - Heroin; - Opium Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

81 Cannabis seizures in the Kyrgyz Republic, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale drug prices (US$ per kg) July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 6,000-7,000 6,000-12,000 8,000-10,000 6,000-12,000 6,000-10,000 Opium 1,000-1, ,500 1,000-1, , ,000 Marijuana (herb) , Hashish (resin) 2,127-2,660 1,000-2,000 1,200-1, , ,000 Source: State Service on Drug Control of the Kyrgyz Republic, CARICC, UNODC ARQ data Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Retail drug prices (US$ per gram) July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Source: State Service on Drug Control of the Kyrgyz Republic, CARICC, UNODC ARQ data Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. At the time of publication of this Fact Sheet, the purity of seized drugs in was not available. Updated March

82 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Total and drug-related crime Total crimes recorded 30,520 28,847 27,217 27,070 29, Rate (per 100,000)* Drug-related crimes recorded 1,924 1,933 1,913 1,955 1,864 Rate (per 100,000)* Including by type of criminal offence (according to the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic): Drugs smuggling (Art. 204) Without intent to sell (Art. 246) 185 1,155 1,225 1,260 1,228 1,223 With intent to sell (Art. 247) Stealing (Art. 248) Inducement to drug use (Art. 249) Inducement of youth to drug use (Art , part 2) Illicit cultivation (Art. 250) Violation of rules (Art. 251) Maintenance of dens (Art. 252) Illicit drug prescription (Art. 253) Illicit trafficking of strong and poisonous substances (Art. 254) Other crimes Source: National Statistics Committee, Kyrgyzstan; State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Persons committed and offenders convicted for drug-related crime Jan-Sep 2015 Persons committed offences 1,287 1,360 1,461 1, Rate (per 100,000)* Including: Repeat offenders n/a People committed in the state drug and toxic intoxication n/a Female n/a Offenders convicted 1,248 1,305 1,358 1,250 n/a Female (%) n/a Source: National Statistics Committee ( ), State Service on Drug Control (2015), Kyrgyzstan Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates Contraband 185 Illegal making, acquisition, storage, transportation, or sending of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without the purpose of sale 186 Illegal making, acquisition, storage, transportation, sending of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or precursors for the purpose of sale or sale thereof 187 Stealing or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances 188 Inducement to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances 189 Sowing or cultivation of plants containing narcotic substances 190 Violation of the rules for the production and legal turnover of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or precursors 191 Organization or maintenance of dens for consuming narcotic or psychotropic substances 192 Illegal issue or forgery of prescriptions or other documents entitling persons to obtain narcotic or psychotropic substances 193 Illegal traffic in potent and toxic substances for the purpose of sale Updated March

83 Suspects arrested for drug-related crime in the country, by nationality Jan-June 2015 All arrestees 1,287 1,360 1,461 1, National citizens 1,232 1,316 1,410 1, Foreign citizens CIS citizens Others Source: Drug Control Agency, Ministry of Interior, State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan CIS citizens arrested for drug-related crime Jan-June 2015 Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Uzbekistan Source: Drug Control Agency, Ministry of Interior, State Service on Drug Control, Kyrgyzstan Organized drug-related crime Jan- June 2013 Crimes committed by groups Crimes committed by OC groups n/a Source: State Service on Drug Control, CARICC DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries Total number of registered drug users 10,171 10,705 9,799 9,024 9,077 Rate (100,000)* Opiate users (%) n/a Cannabinoid users (%) n/a IDUs (%) n/a Drug users registered for the first time n/a Source: Republican Narcology Center, Kyrgyzstan Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Opiate users (estimated) 2006 Total number (aged 15 to 64) 26,000 Injecting drug users (IDUs) 25,000 Mean age 31.8 Lifetime use of heroin (%) 100 Lifetime use of opium (%) 55 Source: UNODC (latest available data) Updated March

84 Drug treatment Treated drug abusers 3,979 3,277 2,246 1,801 1,260 Including by type of treatment: Inpatient Outpatient MST 1,609 n/a n/a n/a n/a Rehabilitation 1,625 n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation, Central Asian region, 2011; Republican Narcology Center, Kyrgyzstan Patients taken-off and deaths Patients taken-off , , Drug-related deaths Drug overdoses n/a 45 n/a Source: National Programme of Kyrgyz Republic for , CADAP Country Report, Republican Narcology Center, Kyrgyzstan Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Opioids 0.8 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available estimates) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths Reference population 3,495,167 3,632,372 Rate per million aged Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Opioids 1 1 Fatal drug overdoses (%) Source: UNODC World Drug Reports, (latest available data) HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Jan-June 2015 Tested for HIV 405, , , , ,394 New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000)* IDU (%) Total HIV cases 196 3,709 4,413 4,893 5,505 5,956 Rate (per 100,000)* IDUs (%) 65 n/a n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center Note: * The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. 194 Republican Narcology Center identified number of duplications in its database/register in UNODC ARQ 2010 data 196 National citizens Updated March

85 PLWHA (estimated) and proportion of IDUs PLWHA 9,800 12,400 8,000 8,727 8,021 IDUs (%) n/a Source: CDC/CAR, 197 Global AIDS Response Progress Reports, AIDS Republican Center Kyrgyzstan HIV estimates by UNAIDS Adults and children living with HIV 7,200 7,900 8,400 8,800 9,300 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) Adult (15-49) incidence rate AIDS-related deaths in adults and children < 200 < 500 < 500 n/a < 500 Adults and children newly infected with 1,100 1,000 <1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 HIV Adults (15+) living with HIV 7,000 7,600 8,100 8,500 8,900 Adults (15+) newly infected with HIV 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 Source: UNAIDS Reports on the Global AIDS Epidemic, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, October 1994 (Ratification) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of October 1994 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of October 1994 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 15 April 2003 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 15 April 2003 Children, supplementing the UNTOC (Ratification) 15 April 2003 b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC (Ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 6 August 2005 (Ratification) 197 Centre for Disease Control and Prevention/ Regional Office for Central Asia Updated March

86 FACT SHEET MONTENEGRO Territory: Borders: 13,812 sq. km Land: 614 km (Albania: 172 km, Croatia: 14 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 225 km, Serbia: 203 km). Coastline: 294 km. Estimated population (thousands) Total Aged Population as per 2011 Census: 620,029 Source: Montenegro Statistical Office - MONSTAT Source: Montenegro Statistical Office- MONSTAT Estimated population (thousands) Total Aged Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Heroin Marijuana (herb) , , Hashish (resin) Cocaine salts Synthetic drugs gr, 1,110 pcs LSD (doses) 392 n/a n/a n/a n/a Precursors No seizures recorded Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro, UNODC World Drug Reports, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe International Controlled Delivery Operations and Cooperation Agreements 2010 and 2011 International Controlled-Delivery Operations by Police 5 Country partners (police) UK, Germany and BiH Bilateral Police Cooperation Agreements 19 Source: Police Directorate of Montenegro grams of amphetamine grams of ATS Updated March

87 Arrests and seizures of drugs outside Montenegro as a result of criminal investigation and information provided by the Police Directorate of Montenegro in 2012 Name of Criminal Investigation Persons Drugs Seized Drug Type Country Arrested (kg) Kristal 1 15 Cocaine Netherlands Source: Police Directorate of Montenegro Drug seizures in Montenegro, Heroin, Cannabis, Cocaine Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro and Montenegrin Customs Department; DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 21,000 19,300-23,200 19,300-23,200 30,000-34,000 30,000-34,000 Marijuana (herb) 1, , , , ,480 Cocaine salts n/a 49,000-63,000 49,000-63,000 68,000-82,000 49,290-73,930 Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro, World Drug Report 2015, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets. Updated March

88 Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Heroin (unknown purity) Marijuana (herb) Cocaine salts Ecstasy-type substances (tab) n/a Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro, World Drug Report 2015, ARQ data, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets. Drug purity mean values Heroin, brown (%) Source: Police Directorate of Montenegro, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Criminal cases initiated n/a 184 Rate (per 100,000) n/a 30 Persons committed Rate (per 100,000) Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Organized crime Criminal cases initiated Criminal charges n/a n/a 5 1 Persons charged with participation in organized crime drug-related offences Source: Ministry of Interior of Montenegro DRUG ABUSE Drug users recorded in dispensaries Total number Rate (per 100,000) Opiate users (%) n/a n/a Cannabis users (%) n/a n/a Source: National Health Information system on the Primary Health Care Level, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe 200 The price is for a one pack (5-10 grams) 201 Patients diagnosed under F11 by WHO s ICD-X, which does not distinguish heroin users from other opiate users, however a majority of diagnosed cases are heroin users. In addition, it is not possible to know what drugs go under the category F19: poly-drug use, or what percentage of patients diagnosed as opiate users are IDUs. Updated March

89 Lifetime use of various illicit drugs in Montenegro for all students in 2011 (in %). Age: 16 years Amphetamine 2 Cannabis 5.5 Cocaine 1.5 Ecstasy 3.3 Opioids - Heroin 1.2 Source: 2011 ESPAD Report: Substance Use among Students in 36 European Countries Annual prevalence of drug use as a percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis Cocaine Ecstasy-type substances Amphetamines Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available information) HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000) Total HIV cases (since 1989) n/a 175 Rate (per 100,000) n/a 28.1 Injecting drug users (%) People living with HIV n/a n/a Injecting drug users (%) n/a n/a MSM (%) n/a n/a Source: National HIV/AIDS Register of Montenegro, EMCDDA Country Overview Montenegro, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro HIV prevalence among most-at-risk population Injecting drug users (%) n/a n/a n/a Sex workers (%) 1.1 n/a n/a n/a n/a MSM (%) n/a n/a Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Reports of Montenegro, Institute of Public Health of Montenegro 202 Global AIDS Response Progress 2014 of Montenegro 203 Bio-Behavioural Survey among IDUs Bio-Behavioral Survey among MSM in Second Bio-behavioural survey among MSM 2014 Updated March

90 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Oct 2006 (Succession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Oct 2006 (Succession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Oct 2006 (Succession) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 23 Oct 2006 (Succession) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 23 Oct 2006 (Succession) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 23 Oct 2006 (Succession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 23 Oct 2006 (Succession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 23 Oct 2006 (Succession) Updated March

91 FACT SHEET PAKISTAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 796,095 sq. km. 6,774 km (India 1600 km, China 523 km, Afghanistan 2,538 km, I.R. of Iran 909 km, Tajikistan 4.3 Km Coastline 1,062 km) Population (thousands) Total 170, , , , , , aged 101, , , , , ,295 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Jan-Sep Opioids: Heroin 7, , , , ,500.7 Illicit morphine 4, , , , Opium 23, , , , ,256.6 Poppy plants - - 4, , Other illicit opioids n/a n/a 1,110 n/a n/a Cannabis-type: Cannabis (herb) - 42, Hashish (resin) 187, , , , ,972.5 Cannabis seed 40 n/a n/a n/a n/a ATS: Amphetamine , Methamphetamine Ecstasy-type substances (tabs) ,454 5,195 13,498 Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts , Precursors: Acetic Anhydride (AA, litres) , , ,318.5 Hydrochloric Acid (HCL, litres) n/a n/a 1,110 12, Information on drugs seizures 2013,2014,2015 (Jan-Sep) in Pakistan provided by the Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Poppy straw 208 Acetic Anhydride (AA), mixed HCL 209 Acetic Anhydride (AA), mixed HCL Updated March

92 Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Jan-Sep Ephedrine Ephedrine Mix Jam Ephedrine Mix Vanilla Powder Ephedrine Vanilla Powder Source: Anti-Narcotics Force, UNODC ARQ data Country estimation of drug trafficking trends by transportation method Cases Opium (kg) Morphine (kg) Heroin (kg) Hashish (kg) Cocaine (kg) Others drugs and precursors (kg) Total , , , kg Cannabis, 1, kg Amph., 33.3 kg Meth, 0.4 kg Marijuana, 13,498 Ecstasy tabs, 5,318.5 lt AA, 30 lt HCL , , , kg Cannabis, 5,976 kg Poppy Straw, 16.6 kg Amph., kg Meth, 5,195 Ecstasy tabs, 38,200 kg AA, 12,000 kg HCL, 50,400 kg Sulphuric Acid , , , , ,100 kg Amph., 18,240 kg Meth, 8,454 Ecstasy tabs, 15,480 lt AA, 1,110 lt HCL, 103,563 lt mix AA/HCL, 52.9 kg Ephedrine, kg Ephedrine mix Jam, 43 kg Ephedrine mix Vanilla Powder, 82 kg Ephedrine Vanilla Powder, 2.5 kg Crystal, 4,650 kg Poppy Straw Including by location and place of seizure: Cities/Urban Area: , , , kg Cannabis, 1,792.3 kg Amph., 25 kg Meth, 11,248 Ecstasy tabs, 1,857 lt AA, 30 lt HCL, 0.4 kg Marijuana , , kg Cannabis, 2.6 kg Amph., 71.4 kg Meth, 3,795 Ecstasy tabs, 38,200 lt AA , kg Cannabis, 1,751 Ecstasy tabs, 52.9 kg Ephedrine, Kg Ephedrine mix Jam, 43 kg Ephedrine mix Vanilla Powder, 82 kg Ephedrine Vanilla Powder, 480 lt AA, 103,563 lt mix AA/HCL Airports: kg Amphetamine, 5.6 kg Meth kg Amphetamine, 7.3 kg Meth, 1,400 Ecstasy tabs kg Amphetamine, 2.1 kg Meth, 6,703 Ecstasy tabs Dry Ports: ,000 litres HCL Road/Highway: ,902-4,835 23, kg Cannabis, 1.0 kg Amphetamine, 2,250 Ecstasy tabs, 3,461.5 lt AA , , kg Amphetamine, kg Meth, 50,400 kg Sulphuric Acid, 5,976 kg Poppy Straw , ,000 lt AA, 1,110 lt HCL, 4,650 kg Poppy Straw Sea Ports kg Crystal Posts Parcels: kg Amphetamine Updated March

93 Country estimation of drug trafficking trends by transportation method Cases Opium Morphine Heroin Hashish Cocaine Others drugs and precursors (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Misc Psychotropic tabs Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office Drug trafficking through international airports Drug seized Airports Cases Heroin (kg) Hashish (kg) Cocaine (kg) Amphetamine (kg) Methamphe -tamine (kg) Xanax (tabs) Total ,000 BBIAP Islamabad BKIAP Peshawar n/a - AIIAP Lahore n/a - JIAP Karachi n/a 51,000 Sialkot Airport Multan Airport Quetta Airport n/a n/a - Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Controlled delivery operations Total operations n/a n/a n/a Cases recorded n/a n/a 4 1 n/a Persons arrested n/a n/a Heroin seized (kg) n/a Source: ANF s Yearly Digest-2012, Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, International Intelligence Led Coordinated Operations (January September) Location Recovered drugs/precursors Operations Others people Arrested Months Heroin Hashish Cocaine (kg) (kg) (kg) Total 17 Jan-Sep kg Amph., ths tabs MDMA Malaysia 2 Jan, Jul UK 2 Jan, Mar UAE 2 Mar Canada 2 May, Jun Italy 2 May South Africa 3 Jun, Sep Spain 1 Mar New 1 Jan Zealand Indonesia 1 Mar kg Amph., 1 22,000 tabs MDMA Zanzibar 1 Jun Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Two operations with Canadian and one with Italian law enforcement agencies in year 2012 Updated March

94 Seizures of heroin in Pakistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Seizures of opium in Pakistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

95 Seizures of cannabis group drugs in Pakistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Seizures of precursors in Pakistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

96 DRUG PRICES Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (typical prices, US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 3,790 4,000 5,000 3,335 3,010 Opium Marijuana (herb) Hashish Cocaine (gram) 107 n/a n/a Source: Pakistani LEAs & FATA markets, UNODC ARQs Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Retail prices of illicit drugs (typical prices, US$ per gram) Heroin (unknown purity) Opium Marijuana (herb, per 5 gram) Hashish Cocaine Source: Pakistani LEAs & FATA markets, UNODC ARQs Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences (all law enforcement agencies of Pakistan) Jan-Sep 2015 Criminal cases initiated 106, ,862 98,828 40,608 14,662 Rate (per 100,000)* Suspects arrested 105, , ,153 41,770 14,770 Rate (per 100,000)* Source: Anti-Narcotics Force of Pakistan Note: * The rates were calculated using the UN Population estimates. Legal state (Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan) Registered cases Decided Under Trial Pending for trial in CNS courts Period Final order/ Convicted Acquitted Closed cases Dormant Jan-Sep n/a 84 1, n/a 59 1, n/a 59 1,052 Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, The price of cocaine was converted from US$ per ounce to US$ per gram. Updated March

97 State of total assets cases (Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan) Total cases Under investigations Pending trial In appeal Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Value assets frozen, forfeited and realized (US$ million) Frozen Forfeited Realized Source: ANF Yearly Digest 2011, Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Continent wise foreign nationals arrested and drug seizures Continent Cases Defendants Drugs seized (kg) Heroin Hashish Opium Cocaine Meth Total Including by continent Asia Africa Europe America Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, Trends in arrests of foreigners-defendants in Pakistan Nationality Cases Arrested offenders Drugs seized (kg) All drugs Heroin Hashish Opium Cocaine Meth. Afghan Nigerian British Updated March

98 Trends in arrests of foreigners-defendants in Pakistan Nationality Cases Arrested offenders Drugs seized (kg) All drugs Heroin Hashish Opium Cocaine Meth. Zambian Others nationalities Source: Data Provided by Anti-Narcotics Force to the UNODC Country Office, DRUG ABUSE Annual prevalence of drug use in Pakistan, 2012 Annual prevalence (%) Estimate Low estimate High estimate Number Cannabis (resin or herb) 3.6% 3.1% 4.0% 4,000,000 Opioids 2.4% 2.0% 3.1% 2,700,000 Opiates 1.0% 0.7% 1.5% 1,060,000 Heroin 0.8% 0.5% 1.3% 860,000 Opium 0.3% 0.2% 0.6% 320,000 Prescription opioids 1.5% 1.3% 1.6% 1,600,000 Tranquilisers/sedatives 1.4% 1.1% 1.7% 1,500,000 Cocaine 0.01% % 0.02% 13,000 ATS % 0.04% 0.2% 93,000 Prescription 0.07% 0.04% 0.1% 75,000 amphetamines Methamphetamine 0.02% % 0.11% 19,000 Solvents/inhalants 0.03% % 0.08% 35,000 Any illicit drug use F 6.0% 5.0% 7.4% 6,700,000 Source: Drug Use in Pakistan 2013: UNODC and Ministry of Narcotics Control, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan Annual prevalence of drug use in Pakistan, by gender, 2012 Men Women Annual prevalence Annual prevalence Number (95% CI) (95% CI) Number Any illicit drug use 9.0 ( ) 5,200, ( ) 1,500,000 Injecting drug use 0.7 ( ) 423, ( ) 7,000 Prevalence estimates for individual drug categories (sum will not reflect above total due to poly-drug use) Cannabis (resin or herb) 6.7 ( ) 3,900, ( ) 100,000 Opioids 3.4 ( ) 1,900, ( ) 800,000 Opiates 1.8 ( ) 1,040, ( ) 20,000 Heroin 1.5 ( ) 845, ( ) 17,000 Opium 0.6 ( ) 315, ( ) 5,000 Prescription opioids 1.6 ( ) 890, ( ) 730,000 Tranquilisers/sedatives 1.3 ( ) 725, ( ) 817,000 Cocaine 0.01 ( ) 13,000 none detected n/a Amphetamine-type substances 0.1 ( ) 44, ( ) 49,000 Amphetamines 0.1 ( ) 27, ( ) 48,000 Methamphetamines 0.03 ( ) 18, ( ) 1, Amphetamine-type stimulants Updated March

99 Solvents/Inhalants 0.06 ( ) 35, ( ) 500 Source: Drug Use in Pakistan 2013: UNODC and Ministry of Narcotics Control, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan People who inject drugs, Number of opiate users 500, ,000 1,060,000 Opiate users who inject (%) Prevalence of injecting drug use (%) Number of people who inject drugs 75, , ,000 Reference population (15-64 in millions) Source: Drug Use in Pakistan 2013: UNODC and Ministry of Narcotics Control, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan Primary drug abuse among persons treated for drug problems Opioids (%) 44.0 Cannabinoids (%) 40.7 Others (%) 15.4 Treatment provided 3,640 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest year available) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths n/a n/a Reference population n/a n/a Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death: Opioids 1 1 ATS 2 n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2015 HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs), male sex workers (MSWs), female sex workers (FSWs) and hijra sex workers (HSWs) PWIDs (%) Sex workers: MSWs (%) FSWs (%) HSWs (%) Source: Pakistan Global AIDS Response Progress Reports, National Report Round IV 2011 HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan UNAIDS estimates of HIV (with uncertainty bounds) Estimated adults and children living with HIV ,000 72,000 87,000 68,000 94,000 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Adult (15-49) incidence rate n/a n/a AIDS-related deaths in adults and children 2,400 2,900 3,500 2,200 2, Geographically limited reporting 214 Faran Emmanuel, Momina Salim, Naeem Akhtar, Salwa Arshad, Tahira Ezra Reza. Second-generation surveillance for HIV/AIDS in Pakistan: results from the 4th round of Integrated Behavior and Biological Survey Sex Transm Infect 2013;89:iii23 iii28. doi: /sextrans In Hijras are physiological males who have feminine gender identity, women's clothing and other feminine gender roles. Updated March

100 UNAIDS estimates of HIV (with uncertainty bounds) Adults and children newly infected with HIV ,000 15,000 19,000 n/a n/a Adults (15+) living with HIV 58,000 70,000 85,000 66,000 92,000 Adults (15+) newly infected 13,000 15,000 18,000 n/a n/a with HIV Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of drug-related conventions Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended by the Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 Status 2 Jul 1999 (Signed) 9 Jun 1977 (Accession) 25 Oct 1991 (Ratification) Ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 13 Jan 2010 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Aug 2007 United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) (Ratification) Updated March

101 FACT SHEET MOLDOVA (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 33,846 sq. km. 1,389 km (Romania km., Ukraine km) Population (thousands) Total 4,084 4,078 4,075 4,074 4,072 4, aged 2,995 3,001 3,011 3,021 3,027 3,024 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of drugs and precursors (kg) Jan-Sep 2015 Opioids: Heroin Other illicit opiates: Acetylised opium 6.9 litres 2.45 litres 2.91 litres kg kg Illicit morphine Poppy plants: Poppy straw Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) Cannabis plants (plants) n/a 152, , , ,428 Cannabis oil litres Cannabis seeds Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts ATS: Amphetamine Methamphetamine n/a Ecstasy type (MDMA, tab) 1,097 3, ,428 11,844 Non-specified: Others n/a n/a n/a Precursors No precursors seized Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs ( ), 218 UNODC ARQ data, GUAM report 219 (2011) 217 Dublin Group Regional Report on Eastern Europe and Caucasus, Council of the EU, Brussels, 14 November 2013, p Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project 219 Compendium of drug-related statistics concerning GUAM. Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia, Moldova), March 2014 Updated March

102 Heroin seizures in the Republic of Moldova, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Seizures of cannabis group drugs in the Republic of Moldova, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin 180, , , , ,157 Acetylated opium 2,900 3,100 (max) 7,564 n/a Marijuana (herb) ,764 1,764 Hashish (resin) 7,000 (min) 8,000 (max) 4,160 4,160 Cocaine 40,000-50,000 n/a n/a n/a Source: Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 221 GUAM Report 2014, 222 World Drug Report 2013 (cocaine) 220 Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project 221 Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project 222 Compendium of drug-related statistics concerning GUAM. Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia, Moldova), March 2014 Updated March

103 Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Jan-Sep 2015 Heroin Acetylised opium Cannabis (herb) Hashish (resin) Cocaine n/a n/a Amphetamine n/a n/a Methamphetamine n/a n/a Ecstasy (MDMA) n/a n/a Source: Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 223 GUAM Report Composition of heroin and cocaine, 2010 Heroin Caffeine, dextromethorphan, phenobarbital, chloroquine, diphenhydramine, metamizole sodium, paracetamol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, etc. Cocaine Levamisole, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Jan-Sep 2015 Criminal cases initiated 1,773 1,526 1,141 1, Rate (per 100,000)* n/a including offenses: With intent to sell Smuggling Without intent to sell 1, Illicit cultivation Brothel maintenance Others Source: Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ( ) 225 Note: * The rates are calculated using the UN population estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sep 2015 Suspects arrested 1,247 1, Rate (per 100,000)* n/a Female Offenders convicted n/a Rate (per 100,000)* n/a Female (persons) n/a n/a Source: National Bureau of Statistics (convicted people), Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ( ) 227 Note: * The rates are calculated using the UN population estimates. 223 Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project, Compendium of drug-related statistics concerning GUAM. Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia, Moldova), March Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project data for Data were submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova on request of the UNODC Afghan Opiate Trade project, Updated March

104 Foreigners arrested for drug-related crime Jan-Sep 2015 Foreign citizens Uzbekistan n/a Others Source: Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Organized crime (OC) Jan-Sep 2015 Crimes committed by OCG 228 n/a Crimes committed by groups Source: Drug Control Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in medical and preventive treatment institutions Total number of drug users 9,100 9,400 9,900 10,400 10,900 Rate (100,000)* Drug users registered for the first time 1,300 1, ,100 Rate (100,000) * Source: National Bureau of Statistics 229 Note: * The rates are calculated using the UN population estimates. Ranking of popular opiates among drug abusers, 2014 Heroin Acetylated opium Other drugs prepared from Methadone ( Shirka ) pharmaceuticals Source: UNODC ARQ Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines and prescription stimulants Cannabis 0.70 n/a 2010 Cocaine Ecstasy-type substances 0.10 n/a 2010 Tranquilizers and sedatives 0.50 n/a 2011 Opioids 0.12 n/a 2011 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2014 (latest available estimates) Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths n/a Reference population 2,579 2,556 2,535 n/a Rate per million aged n/a n/a Fatal drug overdoses (%) n/a 0 0 n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Reports 228 Crimes committed by Organised Criminal Groups (OCG) and criminal societies accessed November 2015 Updated March

105 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Tested for HIV (thousand) New HIV cases Rate (per 100,000) IDU (%) n/a Total HIV cases 231 6,318 7,125 7,889 8, ,398 Rate (per 100,000) Estimated HIV cases n/a n/a 14,528 14,801 17,541 Source: Medical Unit MIA Moldova, National Center for Public Health, Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012, 2014 and 2015 HIV prevalence among IDUs, CSWs, MSM and prisoners (Bio-behavioural studies on knowledge, attitudes and practices) IDUs (%) Sex workers (%) n/a MSM (%) n/a Prisoners (%) n/a n/a Source: Medical Unit MIA Moldova, National Center for Public Health, Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012, 2014 and 2015 HIV/AIDS estimates by UNAIDS Estimated adults and children living with HIV 18,000 18,000 19,000 15,000 18,000 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) AIDS-related deaths in adults and children 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,100 < 1,000 Adults and children newly infected with HIV 1,900 1,900 1,800 n/a n/a Estimated adults (15+) living with HIV 18,000 18,000 19,000 15,000 17,000 Adults (15+) newly infected with HIV 1,900 1,900 1,800 n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Feb 1995 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Feb 1995 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Feb 1995 (Accession) % in Tiraspol, 16.4% in Chisinau and 39% in Balti In Chisinau 236 Ibid 237 Transdnistia is not included 238 Transdnistia is not included 239 The Integrated Bio-Behavioural study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among most at risk populations was carried out during Data of prisons from the right bank of the Nistry river Updated March

106 Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 16 Sep 2005 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 16 Sep 2005 (Ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 28 Feb 2006 (Accession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 28 Feb 2006 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 1 Oct 2007 (Ratification) Updated March

107 FACT SHEET SERBIA (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 88,509 sq. km 2,362 km (total) Hungary: 175 km, Romania: 548 km, Bulgaria: 361 km, FYR of Macedonia: 283 km, Albania: 114 km, Montenegro: 249 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 371 km, Croatia: 262 km Estimated population (thousands) Total 7,237 7,201 7,167 7,132 7,114 Aged ,945 4,911 4,862 4,806 n/a Population as per 2011 Census 7,186,862 Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Note: Data are for the Republic of Serbia excluding Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution Estimated population (thousands) Total 9,059 9,024 8,983 8,938 8,893 8,851 Aged ,128 6,097 6,054 6,002 5,949 5,896 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision. Note: Data are for the Republic of Serbia including Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Heroin Marijuana (herb) 1, , , ,786.0 Hashish (resin) Cocaine Ecstasy-type substances kg, 892 tabs kg, 410 tabs kg, 2,507 tabs kg, 9,502 tabs Amphetamine 6.1 kg, 4.74 kg kg, 22.0 kg, 1,023 tabs 312 tabs tabs Precursors No seizures recorded Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe kg, 1,956 tabs 22.6 kg, 453 tabs 242 In the UNODC World Drug Report 2015, the seizure refers to Non-specified ATS. 243 In the UNODC World Drug Report 2015, the seizure refers to ATS. Updated March

108 International Controlled Delivery (CD) operations by the Police Number of CD operations 0 1 n/a 0 Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia Bilateral Police Cooperation Agreements Signed n/a 15 6 Ratified Drug seizures in the Republic of Serbia, Heroin, Cannabis, ATS Source: Ministry of Interior and Customs Administration of the Republic of Serbia; DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

109 DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 19,870-22,520 18,600-27,200 16,753-24,485 29,000 25,400 28,200 Cocaine 46,385-59,610 51,500-64,400 46,392-57,990 52,200 49,395 Marijuana (herb) n/a 850 1,130 Skunk 244 2,000 3,900 1,900 2,900 1,675-2,577 1,300 2,000 n/a Amphetamine 3,312 4,636 3,600 5,000 3,222-4,510 n/a n/a Ecstasy n/a n/a 3,222-4,510 n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, World Drug Reports , ARQ 2011, 2012 Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Heroin (unknown purity) Cocaine Marijuana n/a 14 Skunk n/a n/a 6.4 n/a n/a Amphetamine n/a 3.22 n/a 14 Ecstasy (tablet) n/a 3.22 n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (data for 2011 and 2014), EMCDDA National Report 2014: Serbia (2013), ARQ 2010, 2012 Note: Comparisons of drug retail prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Drug purity in street seizures mean values in % Heroin n/a n/a 2-54 Cocaine n/a n/a n/a Marijuana (THC) Amphetamine n/a n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe Adulterants used in heroin and cocaine mixtures, 2013, 2014 Heroin Paracetamol, caffeine, creatinine, lactose, saccharide, dextrose Cocaine Levamisole, creatinine, caffeine, starch Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia 244 Skunk is a modified type of marijuana with increased THC content. 245 National Report 2014: Serbia, EMCDDA, Lisbon, April 2014, p. 95. The prices were converted from Euro into US$ based on UN Exchange rate as of 30 June 2013, 1 Euro=87.5 RSD). 246 Brown heroin Updated March

110 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences (Articles 246, 245a, 247 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia) Criminal offences 5,573 4,911 4,775 5,642 n/a Rate (per 100,000) n/a Production and trafficking (Art. 246) 1,806 1,425 1,387 1, Possession (Art. 245a) 3,479 3,268 3,177 3,949 2,054 Facilitation of drug consumption (Art. 247) Persons committed (a) 5,783 5,179 4,745 5,616 5,842 Rate (per 100,000) Adult persons 3,940 3,296 3,468 3,321 3,013 prosecuted (b)247 Rate (per 100,000) Persons convicted (b) 2,539 3,588 3,076 2,855 2,949 Rate (per 100,000) Source: (a) Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, (b) Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, (c) EMCDDA National Report 2014 of Serbia Organized Criminal Groups (OCGs) Involved in Drug Trafficking, 2012 Type of drug trafficked Number of OCGs dismantled Number of OCG members Top 3 nationalities among OCG members Heroin 1 6 Serbia: 6 Cocaine 1 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1, Serbia: 2 Cannabis Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1, Montenegro: 2, 4 25 dual Serbia and Croatia: 2, Serbia: 20 Methamphetamine 1 11 Serbia: 11 Source: Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia DRUG ABUSE Number of cases diagnosed and registered as Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use Total number 9,363 8,301 8,109 7,992 8,703 of which hospitalized 2,518 2,447 1,987 1,667 1,814 Rate (100,000) Source: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, EMCDDA Country Overview, September 2013 and National Report 2014 Injecting drug users (estimated) Estimated number of IDUs (aged 15-59) 12,500-25,000 12,682-48,083 10,000-25,000 Estimated number of IDUs, median 18,000 30,383 20,000 Source: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, EMCDDA Country Overview. Situation Summary, September Persons aged 18 and above 248 F11 F19 as per WHO s International Classification of Diseases-10 in primary/public health care centers Updated March

111 Drug treatment Methadone treated drug users 1,520 1,774 2,045 1,918 Buprenorphine treated drug users n/a Source: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, EMCDDA Country Overview. Situation Summary, September ,503 Drug-related deaths Drug-related deaths Source: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, EMCDDA National Report 2014 of Serbia Annual prevalence of drug use as a percentage of the population aged Cannabis 1.6 Cocaine 0.1 Ecstasy-type substances 0.1 Heroin 0.1 Medication - opioids 5.1 Amphetamines 0.1 Source: National survey on life styles of citizens in Serbia 2014 substance use and gambling, Institute of Public Health of Serbia HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Newly diagnosed HIV cases Rate (per 100,000) IDU (%) n/a Total HIV cases (a) n/a 2,725 2,856 3,003 3,128 Rate (per 100,000) (b) n/a Total IDUs (%) n/a n/a Source: Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut (a) Total number of newly diagnosed HIV cases (b) Cumulative number of reported HIV cases at the end of reporting year since (c) Cumulative rate at the end of reporting period Estimated number of PLWHA and HIV prevalence among IDUs, CSWs, MSM and prisoners PLWHA (a) 2,800 2,900 3,000 3,000 Injecting drug users (%) (b) 2.4 n/a Sex workers (%) 0.8 n/a MSM (%) 3.9 n/a Prisoners (% of total prison population) (c) Source: (a) UNAIDS (2014); (b) Ministry of Health and Institute of Public Health of Serbia (HIV seroprevalence found in the integrated bio-behavioural surveys conducted among IDU, MSM and SW in Belgrade in 2010, 2012 and 2013); (c) Ministry of Justice 249 Opioid substitution therapy (OST) in 29 health care facilities on primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Updated March

112 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Mar 2001 (Succession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Mar 2001 (Succession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Mar 2001 (Succession) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 6 Sept 2001 Ratified a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 6 Sept 2001 Ratified b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 6 Sept 2001 Ratified c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 20 Dec 2005 Accepted United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 20 Dec 2005 Ratified Updated March

113 FACT SHEET TAJIKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 142,600 sq. km. Source: Tajikistan in Figures 2014, Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2014 Borders: Afghanistan - 1,344 km China km Kyrgyzstan km, Uzbekistan - 1,333 km Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan 250 Population (thousands) Total 7,582 7,754 7,931 8,112 8,296 8, aged 4,636 4,760 4,886 5,015 5,145 5,272 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Trends in drug seizures Opioids: Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) , Illicit morphine(kg) n/a Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone 12 tablets grams 14 grams n/a Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb, kg) 1, , , , Hashish (resin, kg) 1, , , , , Cannabis plants (pieces) 2,113,464 2,180,121 2,030,796 1,339, ,916 (Jan-Jun) ATS: Methamphetamine (kg) Ecstasy-type: MDMA (tablet) , ,590 11, Cocaine-type: Cocaine (grams) Sedatives and Tranquillizers: Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (tablet) ,025 n/a Benzodiazepines: DCA defined these tablets as ecstasy-type substances in the ARQ Drug Situation in Tajikistan 2015, Report, Drug Control Agency, Dushanbe, 2016 Updated March

114 Trends in drug seizures Diazepam (tablet) 39,344 tabs., 9,027 tabs, 10 ampoules 10 ampoules 52 - n/a Phenazepam (tablet) n/a Non-specified (tablet) n/a Substances not under international control: Piperazines: MCPP 253 (tablet) 1,922-2,031 - n/a Non-specified drug group: Hydrargyrum (grams) n/a Pharmaceuticals (tablet) n/a Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Trends in precursor seizures Jan-Nov 2015 Acetic anhydride (kg) Sulphuric acid (kg) 12, ,390 Hydrochloric acid (kg) Ephedrine (kg) Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Share of law enforcement agencies in drug seizures (as per cent of total drug seizures) Drug Control Agency Ministry of Internal Affairs Custom Service State Committee for National Security Border Guards Others Total Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan 253 meta-chlorophenylpiperazine 254 Digoxin 255 Tajikistan Country Presentation at the Joint Meeting between Law Enforcement officials from Afghanistan and Central Asian countries on development of co-operation in fighting drugs, 4-5 December 2014, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ibid Updated March

115 International and Controlled Delivery operations Total international operations n/a including Canal operations (CSTO) Drug-related criminal cases n/a 1 n/a Drug seized by LEAs of Tajikistan n/a 666 n/a Tajikistan DCA-Afghanistan LEAs Drugs seized in Afghanistan (kg) , kg, 800 l Heroin (kg) n/a Opium (kg) , n/a Cannabis (kg) n/a 65.0 Heroin labs dismantled in Afghanistan n/a 1 Detained drug smugglers n/a 19 Controlled delivery operations including: Tajikistan MIA Afghanistan n/a n/a n/a n/a 5 Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a Heroin n/a n/a n/a n/a 1.0 Opium n/a n/a n/a n/a 51.0 Hashish n/a n/a n/a n/a 88.3 Tajikistan - Russia Federation n/a 1 n/a 2 Seized drugs in the country (kg) 18.3 n/a 12.4 n/a 31 (in RF) Heroin 3.4 n/a 11.9 n/a 0 Tajikistan - Kazakhstan n/a n/a n/a n/a 1 Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a 39 Heroin n/a n/a n/a n/a 2 Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan n/a 1 Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a 175 Heroin 7.8 n/a 3.3 n/a 175 Opium 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 Cannabis group 28.9 n/a 0 n/a 0 Detained drug smugglers n/a n/a 1 n/a 3 Tajikistan - China n/a n/a Seized drugs (kg) n/a n/a Heroin n/a n/a Opium n/a n/a Cannabis group n/a n/a Detained drug smugglers n/a n/a Source: Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Center (CARICC), Drug Control Agency and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Tajikistan 257 Drug Control Agency, The Registration of Drug Offences, Drug Seizures and Others in first half-year 2013, (accessed ). 258 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2011, 2012, p Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in Tajikistan, January-September 2013, (accessed October 2013). 260 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2012, 2013, p The operations were conducted between January and June. 262 Including 220 kg of liquid opium 263 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2011, 2012, p Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2011, 2012, p The operation was conducted with the State Drug Control Service of Kyrgyzstan 266 Between DCA of Tajikistan and Ministry of Public Security of China 267 The operation was conducted from 27 October until 21 November The drugs were seized in both countries. Source: Nigeria nationals Updated March

116 National operations Kuknor (Black Poppy) Total crimes recorded n/a n/a With intent to sell n/a n/a Smuggling n/a n/a Illicit cultivation n/a n/a Brothel maintenance n/a n/a n/a n/a 3 Total drugs seized (kg) 1, , , , ,831.0 Heroin Opium Cannabis 1,315 2,615 2, , ,358.7 Wild growing drug plants Cases of wild growing Area (ha) Destroyed cannabis plants (units) 2,463,484 1,372,811 2,476,431 1,110,971 1,800,000 Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Heroin seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Updated March

117 Opium seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Source (for both maps): DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

118 DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Heroin (unknown purity) 4,000-6,000 3,800-6,000 4,000-6,000 3,800-6,000 5,000-8,000 Opium , Cannabis (herb) Hashish (resin) Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Data on retail prices are not available for Drug purity of heroin identified by DCA Forensic Labs (per cent of diacetylmorphine content) Wholesale level 0.5%-81% 0.3%-65% 0.4%-79% 7.7%-45% 3.2%-44.4 Retail level n/a 0.3%-15% n/a n/a n/a Source: Review of Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2014, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, UNODC ARQ data (2012, retail level) DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Total number of offences Rate (per 100,000)* including be type of offence: With intent to sell (%) Without intent to sell (%) n/a Smuggling (%) Illicit cultivation (%) n/a Others (%) n/a Source: Drug Control Agency Tajikistan ( ), CARICC (2015) Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Suspects arrested ,001 1,004 Rate (per 100,000)* Female (%) n/a Offenders convicted ,054 1,049 1,039 1,045 Rate (per 100,000)* Female (%) Source: Drug Control Agency Tajikistan, CARICC Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. 269 After investigation National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), the report was prepared in the framework of the CADAP project, 2012, p.41 Updated March

119 Arrestees and drugs seized from foreign citizens National citizens Foreign citizens CIS citizens Afghanistan Iran Pakistan China Lithuania Others Total drug seized from foreigners (kg) Heroin (kg) n/a Opium (kg) n/a Cannabis (kg) n/a Methamphetamine n/a 63.0 n/a Source: UNODC ARQ 2011, Drug Control Agency Tajikistan, CARICC (2012) CIS arrestees and drug seized from them Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Uzbekistan Ukraine Total drugs seized (kg) n/a n/a Heroin (kg) n/a n/a Opium (kg) n/a n/a Cannabis (kg) n/a n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Offenders diagnosed with drug addiction Total (est.) (est.) 273 Source: Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Organized crime Crimes committed by groups Crimes committed by OG n/a 5 Source: CARICC ( ), Activity Report 2015 of the Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan ( ) 271 Drugs of cannabis group 272 Estimation by UNODC ROCA is based on the official data on increase/decrease expressed as percentage. 273 Estimation by YNODC ROCA is based on the official data on increase/decrease expressed as percentage. Updated March

120 DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries Total number 7,117 7,231 7,176 7,279 7,313 Rate (100,000)* Including by gender: Male (%) Female (%) Including by drug type: Opioid users (%) Heroin users (%) Cannabinoid users (%) Polydrugs users (%) MDMA users (%) Including: Injecting drug users (%) Drug users registered for the first time Rate (100,000)* Source: Republican Narcology Center of the Ministry of Health and Drug Control Agency of the Republic of Tajikistan Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Opiate users (estimated) Total number (aged 15 to 64) 23,000 n/a Injecting drug users (IDUs) 17,000 25,000 Mean age 30.8 n/a Lifetime use of heroin (%) 91 n/a Lifetime use of opium (%) 19 n/a UNODC (2006), Republican AIDS Center (2012) 274 (latest available estimates) Drug treatment Treated drug abusers 1, , Heroin users (%) 92.5 n/a n/a Opium users (%) 4.0 n/a n/a Hashish users (%) 0.1 n/a n/a Polydrugs users (%) 3.5 n/a n/a 9 n/a Treated for the first time (%) n/a 75.9 n/a n/a n/a Drug overdoses 19 n/a n/a 1 9 Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health ( ) 275, Drug Control Agency (2012, 2014), UNODC ARQ data ( ) Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged UNODC best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Opioids 0.54 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2015 (UNODC GAP Survey, latest available estimates) National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 25 (CADAP) Updated March

121 Drug-related deaths related to drug use Number of deaths Heroin 39 n/a 45 n/a n/a Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health ( ) 277, Drug Control Agency ( ) 278 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Tested for HIV 438, , , , n/a New HIV cases , (Jan-Oct) Rate (per 100,000)* Including by gender: Male 703 (71%) 539 (65%) 530 (60.5%) 578 (57%) n/a Female 286 (29%) 289 (35%) 346 (39.5%) 430 (43%) n/a Including by mode of transmission: Sexual contacts (%) n/a Injecting drug use (%) n/a Mother-to-child (%) n/a Unknown (%) n/a Total HIV cases 3,846 4,674 5,550 6,558 7,640 Rate (per 100,000)* IDUs (%) (est.) People living with HIV, registered 3,053 3,768 4,581 5,242 5,952 Rate (per 100,000)* Male 789 (26%) 1,052 (28%) 1,383 (30%) 3,505 (67%) n/a Female 2,264 (74%) 2,716 (72%) 3,198 (70%) 1,737 (33%) n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center Tajikistan, Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. HIV prevalence among most at risk groups (estimated) Injecting drug users (%) Sex workers (%) MSM (%) n/a n/a n/a 1.7 n/a Pregnant (%) 0.1 < 5 < 5 < 5 n/a Inmates (%) n/a n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center 276 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency report for 2014, p National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 33 (CADAP) 278 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency reports for Updated March

122 HIV estimates by UNAIDS Estimated adults and children living with HIV 9,400 11,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) AIDS-related deaths in adults and children < 500 < 500 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 Adults and children newly infected with HIV 1,600 1,800 2,100 n/a n/a Estimated adults (15+) living with HIV 8,900 10,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 Adults (15+) newly infected with HIV 1,500 1,700 2,000 n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Mar 1997 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Mar 1997 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of May 1996 (Accession) Signature and ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 8 Jul 2002 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 8 Jul 2002 Children, supplementing the UNTOC (Accession) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 8 Jul 2002 (Accession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 25 Sep 2006 (Accession) Updated March

123 FACT SHEET THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA (under UNSCR 817 (1993)) Territory: Total 25,713 km 2 Borders: 748 km, Serbia to the north (including Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99 to the northwest), Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south and Albania to the west. Source: State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia Population (thousands) Total 2,062 2,066 2,069 2,073 2,076 2, aged 1,456 1,462 1,466 1,469 1,470 1,470 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) Opioids: Heroin Opium Pharmaceutical opioids: Buprenorphine (pieces) n/a (Jan-Sep) 280 Methadone (litres) n/a n/a Tramadol (tablets) n/a n/a ,627 (Jan- Sep) 281 Cannabis type: Marijuana (herb) , Hashish (resin) (Jan Sep) 282 Cannabis seeds 0.09 kg, 0.14 kg n/a n/a 397 pcs 3,816 pcs 1,628 pcs Cannabis plants (plants) 1,247 2,755 1,421 1,187 2,362 Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts Liquid cocaine (litres) Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 281 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 282 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. Updated March

124 Seizures of illicit drugs and precursors (kg) ATS: Ecstasy (tablets) 3, , (Jan-Sep) 283 Amphetamine 1.8 kg, 10,960 tabs 0.5 kg, 5 tabs kg, 63 tabs 1.01 kg, 15 tabs Methamphetamine kg, 66 tabs 0.5 kg, 3,560 tabs kg, 114 tabs kg, 66 tabs lt, 17 tabs (Jan-Sep) 284 Hallucinogens: LSD 30 pcs 0.06 kg, 2 pcs - 75 pcs 32 pcs (Jan-Sep) 285 Substances not under international control Plant-based substances: Magic mushrooms n/a n/a n/a Other miscellaneous: Caffeine and paracetamole (mix) n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.52 (Jan-Sep) 286 Precursors: Acetone (lt) - 50 n/a - - Hydrochloric acid (lt) - 8 n/a - - Acetic anhydride (lt) - - n/a - - Source: Ministry of Interior and Custom Administration ( ), UNODC World Drug Reports International Operations and Controlled Delivery in Macedonia International Operations Controlled-Delivery Operations by Police Partner country/countries Jan-Sept n/a 0 SECI, Germany, Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, SELEC Germany n/a Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Switzerland Drugs seized: Heroin (kg) n/a Cannabis(kg) n/a Ecstasy (pcs) 10, n/a 0 Cocaine(kg) ml n/a Source: Ministry of Interior 283 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 284 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 285 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 286 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. 287 Data of the Ministry of Interior only. Updated March

125 Heroin seizures in Macedonia, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Cannabis seizures in Macedonia, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

126 DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) Jan-Sept 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 11,800-15,700 22,900-22,200 22,670-26,670 22,180-24,640 19,870-22,080 Opium 1,300 1,300 1,140 1,230 n/a Marijuana (herb) ,110-1,230 1,660-2,210 Cocaine 46,300-59,500 45,600-58,700 53,350-60,020 43,130-55,450 44,160-49,680 Ecstasy (per tablet) Methamphetamine n/a n/a 4,560-6,840 4,930-7,390 4,420-6,630 Source: Ministry of Interior ( ), UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (the prices of heroin, marijuana and cocaine in 2013) Note: Drug prices in 2015 can differ from UNODC and other international reports because of conversion of official data in Euro to US dollars (1 Euro=1.7 US dollars in 2015) by the Ministry of Interior. Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Jan-Sept 2015 Heroin dose (0.2 gr) n/a Heroin Opium n/a Marijuana (herb) Cocaine Ecstasy (per tablet) Amphetamine (per tablet) n/a n/a n/a Methamphetamine 21 n/a n/a LSD n/a Source: Ministry of Interior ( ), UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (the prices of heroin, marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine in 2013) Note: Drug prices in 2015 can differ from UNODC and other international reports because of conversion of official data in Euro to US dollars (1 Euro=1.7 US dollars) by the Ministry of Interior. Drug purity Heroin n/a 2% (< 15 gr), 12% (500 gr) Cannabis plants (THC) n/a 1% Cocaine 50%-80% 10%-30% Source: Ministry of InteriorNote: For the time being, the drug purity is measured by request and at random. Composition of heroin To increase the heroin mass, various medicaments, pain killers and fever reducers like aspirin or paracetamol, are being used. The industrial sugar is also being used. Source: Ministry of Interior Updated March

127 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Jan-Sept Criminal cases initiated Rate (per 100,000)* including offences: With intent to sell, traffic, produce With intent to use or allow use Source: Ministry of Interior Note: * The rate was calculated by using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sept Suspects arrested Rate (per 100,000)* With intent to sell, traffic, produce With intent to use or allow use Source: Ministry of Interior Note: * The rate was calculated by using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Organized criminal groups arrested Year Heroin Cannabis Cocaine Synthetic drugs Poly drugs No. of groups No. of groups No. of groups No. of groups No. of groups (heroin and cannabis) (1-heroin & cannabis; 1-cocaine & cannabis; 1 - synthetic drugs & cannabis) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 7 Jan-Sept 2015 n/a 3 1 n/a 2 (1-heroin & cocaine; 1-heroin, cocaine, cannabis, and migrant smuggling) No. of people No. of people No. of people No. of people No. of people (15-heroin & cannabis; 3-cocaine & cannabis; 3 - synthetic drugs & cannabis) Total According to Ministry of Interior. 289 Ministry of Interior and Customs Administration. 290 Ministry of Interior and Customs Administration. 291 Arrested in 2014: 857 citizens of the FYR of Macedonia, six Albanian citizens, three Bulgarian citizens, three Croatian citizen, one Serbian citizen, one Turkish citizen and one Austrian citizen. 292 Arrested in the period January-September 2015: 528 citizens of the FYR of Macedonia, two Albanian citizens, two Polish citizens, one Montenegrin citizen, one Bulgarian citizen, one Serbian citizen, one Turkish citizen, and one USA citizen. 293 Three of the criminal groups were International. 294 Five of the criminal groups were International. 295 Arrested in 2011: 34 citizens of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; four Albanian citizens; two Bulgarian citizens; and one citizen of Kosovo. 296 Arrested in 2012: 33 citizens of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; four citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina; two Albanian citizens; two Bulgarian citizens; one Croatian citizen; one Serbian citizen; and one citizen of Kosovo. 297 Arrested in 2013: 55 citizens of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; one Albanian citizen; and one Croatian citizen. Updated March

128 Organized criminal groups arrested Year Heroin Cannabis Cocaine Synthetic drugs Poly drugs 2014 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 41 Jan-Sept 2015 Source: Ministry of Interior n/a 14 4 n/a 13 (5- heroin & cocaine; 8- heroin, cocaine, cannabis, and migrant smuggling) Total 31 DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries Total number 1,669 3,759 n/a n/a 1,857 Rate (per 100,000)* n/a n/a 89 IDUs 444 n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: Interministerial Commission for Drugs and Narcotic; Ministry of Interior (2011) Note: * The rate was calculated by using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Estimates of injecting drug use Injecting drug users (IDUs) 10,200 15,000-20,000 Source: Interministerial Commission for Drugs and Narcotics (2010); Institute for Public Health (Mikik &Kuzmanovska, 2011) Drug treatment and overdoses Treated drug abusers 1,669 n/a n/a 1,666 1,408 Drug overdoses n/a Source: Institute for Public Health; Ministry of Interior; Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Tested for HIV 18,271 17,877 18, ,562 n/a New HIV cases (Jan-Nov) Rate (per 100,000)* Total HIV cases (as of 1 Dec) 236 (as of 1 Dec) Rate (per 100,000)* IDUs (%) 9 n/a n/a n/a 5 Source: Institute for Public Health, UNAIDS, Clinic for Infectious Diseases (Skopje) Note: * The rate was calculated by using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. 298 Facts about HIV/AIDS in the Republic of Macedonia for 2014, press release of the Institute foe Public Health, accessed 29 January HIV/ADS survelliance in Europe 2014, accessed 9 December Country Overwiev: fyrom, accesed 29 January accessed 29 January 2016 Updated March

129 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Oct 1993 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Oct 1993 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Oct 1993 (Accession) Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 12 Jan 2005 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 12 Jan 2005 (Ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 12 Jan 2005 (Ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 14 Sep 2007 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 13 Apr 2007 (Ratification) Updated March

130 FACT SHEET TURKMENISTAN Territory: 491,210 sq. km Source: Turkmenistan in Figures, State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics, Ashgabat, Borders: Afghanistan: 744 km, I.R. of Iran: 992 km, Kazakhstan: 379 km, Uzbekistan: 1,621 km Population (thousands) Total 5,042 5,107 5,173 5,240 5,307 5, aged 3,360 3,428 3,484 3,533 3,582 3,634 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Drug seizures (kg) Jan-Sep 2015 Opioids: Heroin Opium Poppy plants (poppy straw) n/a n/a n/a n/a Cannabis type: Marijuana (herb) Hashish Non-specified drug group: Psychotropic substance n/a n/a n/a Drugs seized on border territories (as % of total drug seizures) n/a n/a n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data, Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances (CARICC) Note: 1) Data on seizures of precursors are not available. 2) No cases related to illicit cultivation of drug plants have been disclosed in the course of the Goknar (Poppy) operations in Updated March

131 Drug seizures in Turkmenistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: Information on individual drug seizures is not available since DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (US$ per kg) July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 87, , , ,000 n/a n/a n/a Opium 22,800-31,600 33,000-52,600 38,600-60,526 39,900-67,950 40,450-68,650 Marijuana (herb) 5,000-9,600 9,600-12,000 9,650-18,420 9,900-18,950 n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) Retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) n/a n/a n/a Opium Marijuana (herb) Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) Composition of drugs Heroin Caffeine, paracetamol, dextrometrophan Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ) Updated March

132 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Jan-Sep 2015 Criminal cases initiated 1,654 1, Rate (per 100,000) including offences: With intent to sell (%) n/a Smuggling (%) n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sep 2015 Suspects arrested 1,969 1,384 1, Rate (per 100,000) Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) People detained for drug-related crimes, by nationality Jan-Pep2015 Total number 1,969 1,384 1, National citizens 1,917 1,322 1, n/a Foreigners n/a Afghanistan n/a I.R. of Iran n/a Turkey n/a Uzbekistan n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data ( ), CARICC ( ) DRUG ABUSE Total drug abusers recorded in dispensaries 2006 Total number 33,697 including: Heroin users (%) 93 Opium users (%) 4 Cannabinoid users (%) 3 IDUs (%) 25 Source: Country Report 2006 and 11 months 2007 for EMCDDA 302 (latest available data) Drug treatment Persons treated for drug problems 28,720 17,774 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (latest available data) Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged UNODC best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Opioids 0.32 n/a 2007 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2012 (latest available data) 302 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Updated March

133 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Feb 1996 (Ratification) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Feb 1996 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Feb 1996 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 28 March 2005, (Accession) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 28 March 2005, (Accession) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 28 March 2005, (Accession) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 28 March 2005, (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 28 March 2005, (Accession) Updated March

134 FACT SHEET UKRAINE Territory: Borders: 603,628 sq.km Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Republic of Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Population (thousands) Total 45,647 45,478 45,320 45,165 45,002 44, aged 32,018 31,869 31,793 31,719 31,558 31,272 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015Revision. DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Jan-Sep Opioids: Heroin (MIA), (SSU) Opium , (MIA) Poppy straw n/a 7.40 n/a ,9 (MIA) Cannabinoids: Marijuana (herb) 7, , , , ,514.0 (MIA) Hashish (resin) n/a Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts (MIA), 2.6 (SSU) ATS: Amphetamine kg, 125 tabs (MIA) Methamphetamine 5.1 kg, 12 tabs n/a n/a n/a n/a Ecstasy-type substances 1,750 tabs n/a (MIA) Sedatives and tranquilizers: Barbiturates 42,965 tabs n/a n/a n/a n/a Benzodiazepines 2,759 tabs n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: UNODC ARQ data (2011, 2012), Ministry of Internal Affairs, MIA ( ), Security Service of Ukraine, SSU (2015) 303 MIA - Ministry of Internal Affairs, SSU - Security Service of Ukraine 304 By information of the Ministry of Internal Affairs provided for the UNODC AOTP project in 2013 Updated March

135 Seizures of precursors and other substances Jan-Sep 2015 Acetic anhydride (kg) , Sulphuric acid (lt) 6, , Hydrochloric acid (lt) 2, , , Ephedrine (kg) Toluol (lt) Acetone (lt) Source: Ukrainian Monitoring and Medical Center on Alcohol and Narcotics (UMMCAN), World Drug Reports, General Prosecutor Office (2014), Ministry of Internal Affairs (2015) Disclosing of clandestine laboratories and drug production sites Jan-Sep 2015 Clandestine laboratories Sites of drug use 1,965 1,772 1,285 1,232 1,070 Drug production sites Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs Controlled-Delivery (CD) operations conducted by Police Jan-Sep 2015 Number CD operations Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs Heroin seizures in Ukraine, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UN 305 Precursor seizures are not related to smuggling of substances 306 Data as of (before coming in power new Criminal Procedure Code) Updated March

136 Opium seizures in Ukraine, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Cannabis seizures in Ukraine, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

137 DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Average retail prices of illicit drugs (US$ per gram) Jan-Sep 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) n/a Opium n/a n/a Marijuana (herb) Hashish n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA), UMMCAN, UNODC ARQs Note: Official data may differ from the data of UNODC and other international organisations due to conversions made by MIA Ukraine. Drug purity (%) Composition of heroin and cocaine, 2010 Heroin Cocaine Ecstasy Heroin Caffeine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, paracetamol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, etc. Amphetamine Cocaine Levamisole, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate Methamphetamine metamizole sodium Source: 2011 National Report to the EMCDDA, Ukraine Note: Information from interviewing SFSC officers DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences * Jan-Sep 2015 Criminal cases initiated ,206 45,322 32,694 28,972 30,953 Rate (per 100,000)** including offences: With intent to sell (%) Smuggling (%) n/a 0.01 Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs Note: * Data as of (before coming in power of new Criminal Procedure Code). The number of criminal cases reflects only MoI data. ** The rates are calculated using the UN estimation of population Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Jan-Sep 2015 Suspects arrested 36,960 31,398 27,701 18,627 12,434 Rate (per 100,000)* Female 4,777 n/a n/a n/a n/a Offenders convicted* 25,569 25,552 16,011 15,099 n/a Rate (per 100,000) n/a Source: UMMCAN (convicted ), Ministry of Internal Affairs Note: * The rates are calculated using the UN estimation of population 307 Data on prices reflect the average retail prices of drugs and can differ from the typical prices reported in the World Drug Reports. 308 The data were collected from 11 out of 27 regions of Ukraine. 309 Data includes cases of drug smuggling registered by the Security Service of Ukraine p.119 Updated March

138 Foreigners arrested in the country Jan-Sep 2015 Number of people arrested 36,980 31,398 27,701 18,627 12,434 National citizens 36,539 31,024 27,443 18,473 12,316 Foreigners CIS citizens Others foreigners Stateless Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs Offences committed by persons with mental disorders, caused by drug use and in the state of drug intoxication Jan-Sep 2015 Total offences (including drug-related crimes) 10,410 5,935 5,034 4, Offences in the state narcotic intoxication 2,492 n/a 1,342 1,102 n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs, National report to the EMCDDA 2015 Organized drug-related crime Jan-Jun 2015 Crimes committed by OG 3,268 2, n/a Groups eliminated Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs, State Statistics Service DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries and estimated injecting drug users Jan-Sep 2015 Total number 79,707 76,366 75,157 60,587 68,220 Rate (per 100,000) n/a Opiate users 56,220 (71%) 52,169 (68%) 50,724 (67%) 42,656 (70%) n/a Cannabinoid users 5,424 (7%) 5,425 (7%) 5,423 (7%) 4,440 (7.3%) n/a People who inject drugs (PWID) n/a 278, ,000 n/a n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Health, Ukrainian Monitoring and Medical Center on Alcohol and Narcotics (UMMCAN), HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine, UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (PWID) Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines Cannabis Cocaine Ecstasy-type substances Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (available latest data) 311 Data do not include data of occupied territories of Crimea, Donetsk and Lugansk regions Updated March

139 Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Number of deaths Reference population 32,183,933 n/a Rate per million aged n/a Drugs as primary cause of death: Opioids n/a n/a Fatal drug overdoses (%) n/a n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2015 (available latest data), UMMCAN HIV/AIDS HIV cases recorded Sep 2015 Tested for HIV 3,318,163 3,246,537 2,941,748 2,608,063 n/a New HIV cases 21,117 20,743 21,631 27,236 7,783 Rate (per 100,000) IDUs (adults) 6,592 5,933 5,847 2,767 2,052 Total HIV cases , , , ,970 n/a Rate (per 100,000) n/a IDUs (%) n/a Source: Ukrainian AIDS Center, HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine PLWHA (estimated) and HIV prevalence among IDUs, sex workers, MSM and prisoners PLWHA (age 15+) 360, , , ,128 IDUs (%) n/a 21.5 n/a 19.7 Sex workers (%) n/a 9.0 n/a 7.3 MSM (%) n/a 6.4 n/a 5.9 Prisoners (%) n/a 13.7 n/a 11 Source: Ukrainian AIDS Center HIV estimates by UNAIDS Estimated adults and children living with HIV 250, , , , ,000 Adult (15-49) prevalence (%) AIDS-related deaths in adults and children 20,000 19,000 18,000 13,000 15,000 Adults and children newly infected with HIV 13,000 12,000 11,000 n/a n/a Estimated adults (15+) living with HIV 250, , , , ,000 Adults (15+) newly infected with HIV 13,000 12,000 11,000 n/a n/a Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, People who are registered in dispensaries Estimates for 2011 were done by applying an adjusted methodology (SW program Spectrum/EPP) accessed 27 November 2015 Updated March

140 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Sep 2001 (Accession) Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Nov 1978 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Aug 1991 (Accession) Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 21 May 2004 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 21 May 2004 (Ratification) b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 21 May 2004 (Ratification) c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 4 Jun 2013 (Accession) United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 02 Dec 2009 (Ratification) Updated March

141 FACT SHEET UZBEKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 448,970 sq. km. Source: Uzbekistan in Figures 2014, State Committee on Statistics, Republic of Uzbekistan Borders: Afghanistan: 137 km, Kazakhstan: 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan: 1,099 km, Tajikistan: 1,161 km, Turkmenistan: 1,621 km Source: State Committee on Statistics, Republic of Uzbekistan, Population (thousands) Total 27,740 28,158 28,592 29,033 29,470 29, aged 18,371 18,718 19,063 19,394 19,699 19,976 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs and psychotropic substances (kg) Opioids: Heroin Opium Poppy plants: Poppy straw Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) 3, , ,025.1 Hashish (resin) Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts n/a Non-specified: Psychotropic substances 784 grams, 64,721 tabs, 102 ampoules 1,061 grams 14,442 tabs 60 ampoules grams 15,009 tabs 150 ampoules grams 18,596 tabs 1 ampoule 318 7,184 tabs Source: National Information-Analytical Center on Drug Control under the Cabinet of Ministers on the Republic of Uzbekistan (NCDC), UNODC ARQs 316 Statistical information for provided by the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan to CARICC 317 Statistical information for provided by the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan to UNODC ROCA 318 ibid Updated March

142 Heroin seizures in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Opium seizures in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Updated March

143 Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Seizures of illicit precursors and other substances Acetic anhydride (lt) n/a Sulphuric acid (lt) 2, ,610 7,800 Hydrochloric acid (lt) ,000 (Jan-Sep) Potassium permanganate (kg) (Jan-Sep) Acetone (lt) n/a Source: NCDC, Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre for combating the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs (CARICC) Black Poppy operations conducted by law enforcement agencies of Uzbekistan Police officers involved > 11,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 10,000 Representatives of the community and local 7,500 7,000 7,000 n/a 5,000 governments involved Revealed cases of illicit cultivation 1,338 1,211 1,223 1,125 1,049 Opium poppy n/a Cannabis n/a Criminal cases reported 3,587 3,093 3,101 2,900 2,687 Total area eradicated (ha) Opium poppy (ha) n/a Cannabis (ha) n/a Seized drugs (kg) 3,125 1, Kuknar (poppy straw, kg) Cannabis (kg) 2, Law enforcement agencies of Uzbekistan conduct the annual two-phase "Black Poppy" eradication campaign (1st phase from May till June, 2nd phase from August till September) in order to reveal and destroy illicitly cultivated opium and cannabis. During this campaign, law enforcement agencies also reveal cases connected with sale, storage and use of drugs. Updated March