lecture #2 Done by : Tyma'a Al-zaben

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Thomasina Warren
5 years ago
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1 lecture #2 Done by : Tyma'a Al-zaben

2 ** Hello SERTONIN! note:: the slide included within the sheet but make sure back to slide for pictures in the previous lecture we talk about ascending tract and its relation to all part of body except head and neck.. Head and Neck related mostly to cranial nerves in addition to some of spinal nerve... we will focus on modalities ((all modalities will transmitted by cranial nerve )) this lecture we will go back to it later on for more details.. Focus :) let's start... *Every cranial nerve have a group of modalities. -all sensory modalities transmitted in the same cranial nerve. so, you must know the areas innervated by each cranial nerve. when we talk about cranial nerve,, we take into consideration of its nuclei SLIDE 3 Sensory Innervation of Head when I talked about head and neck sensation "General sensation " we talk about mostly cranial nerve and cervical spinal nerve(c1-c3). *cranial nerve which transmitted sensation of head and neck :: 1- Trigeminal nerve "mainly" 2- facial nerve 3- glossopharyngeal nerve 4- vagus nerve SLIDE 4 less participate Cranial Nerves Innervating Head Sensory Innervations: Modalities and Territories

3 SLIDE 5 Trigeminal nerve (V) *Trigeminal nerve have on ganglia inside middle cranial fossa "in trigeminal cave" just lateral to sella turcica.. * most of modalities transmitted by Trigeminal nerve is: In spinal nerve.. first order neuron = in dorsal root ganglia In cranial nerve.. there is no root ganglia, so there is special ganglia for each cranial nerve GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT... sensation of skin *Areas covered by it: 1- Tow third of anterior Skin of face and head tow third of anterior 2- All Mucus membrane of: -Nasal cavity -Oral cavity -Paranasal sinuses 3-Eye 4-External ear 5-Dura matter..above tintorum cereblli 6-temporomandibualr joint 7-Teeth ** all of modalities of different tract of lower part of the body transmitted by (V) then divided and branching in the brain stem on different nuclei. SLIDE 6 Facial Nerve (VII) **Geniculate ganglion within the ear. * modalities transmitted by Facial nerve is: 1-GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT... fibers from the skin #as we said before trigeminal nerve transmitted most of GSA except : 1-part of external ear 2- mastoid which is by facial nerve. * why the external ear innervated by different nerve?? - in embryologic life, ear formed by different pharyngeal arches and each arch have its own cranial nerve SO, external ear innervated by trigeminal (mostly)and slightly by "vagus,facial, glossopharyngeal " 2- SPECIAL VISCERAL AFFERENT.. mean= taste -Taste from tongue (anterior ⅔) 3- GENERAL VISCERAL AFFERANT..."as autonomic afferent " small part of:: 1-Soft palate 2-Floor of the mouth 3-Pharynx

4 SLIDE7 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) * two ganglia.. just below the base of skull near to jugular foramen..one superior for GSA& one inferior for GVA+SVA... ** modalities transmitted by Glossopharyngeal nerve is: 1-GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT *External ear - First order neuron on superior ganglion "site of cell body" 2- SPECIAL VISCERAL AFFERENT.. mean= taste - Taste from tongue (posterior ⅓) - First order neuron on inferior ganglion 3- GENERAL VISCERAL AFFERANT **AREAS:: 1-Tongue (posterior ⅓) 2-Fauces 3-Pharynx 4-Middle ear 5-Carotid sinus baroreceptors SLIDE 8 6-Carotid body chemoreceptor - First order neuron on inferior ganglion Vagus Nerve (X) ** modalities transmitted by vagus nerve is: 1-GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT * External ear - 1st order neurons on Superior jagular ganglion 2- SPECIAL VISCERAL AFFERENT * Taste (epiglottis & base of tongue) - 1st order neurons on Inferior nodose ganglion 3- GENERAL VISCERAL AFFERANT *AREA:: 1- Pharynx 2-Larynx 3-Other viscera" abdomen" - 1st order neurons on Inferior nodose ganglion SLIDE 9 &10==SUMMARY SLIDE 11 Cranial Nerve Innervating Head -Central Sensory Component SLIDE 12 Brainstem Sensory Nuclei *Central axon enter brain stem...in the brain stem there is two sets of sensory nuclei. 1-Nucleus of tractus solitarius *special processing of modalities fiber of (GVA, SVA)

5 # which of the cranial nerves that make processing?? -7,9,10... "5" NO because it's for GSA 2-Trigeminal sensory complex *its sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve (GSA) # It's have three sensory nuclei all over brain stem & start in spinal cord 1- Spinal nucleus 2-Main sensory nucleus 3- Mesencephalic nucleus -we called these nuclei :: sensory system of trigeminal nerve NOW, WE GOO DEEP IN DETALIS SLIDE 13 Nucleus of Tractus Solitarius - we already take about location, extension,location related to SC,blood supply. but I will put some info for remembar. "is a sensory nucleiforming a vertical column of grey matter embedded in the medulla oblongata. The SN projects to, among other regions, Cells along the length of the SN are arranged roughly in accordance with function;, cells involved in taste are located in the higher, more forward ("rostral") part, while those receiving information from cardio-respiratory and gastrointestinal processes are found in the lower, more posterior ("caudal") part." GVA, SVA Sensory nucleus for Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Contains 2nd order neurons of fiber which carry GVA -SVA modalities mostly from facial nerve,glossopharngeal, vagus nerve * from tractus solitarius... Axons of 2nd neuron get crossing in midline directly to ward 3rd order neuron which situated in PVM of thalamus Axons internal capsule corona radiata cortex (postcentral gyrus) *nucleus solitarus its long we can devidid it to sup,mid,inf according to nerve :: *sup= Facial n *mid=glossopharyngael n *inf = Vagus SLIDE 14 facial nerve SN cross over to other side -----ascends toward THALAMUS SLIDE 15&16

6 same order SLIDE 17 Trigeminal System Most of the sensory information from head are carried by the trigeminal nerve. - Face, oral & nasal cavities, cornea, meninges and cranial blood vessels. Small sensory components (GSA) of cranial nerve VII, IX, X. All GSA information is processed by trigeminal nuclei. SLIDE 18 Trigeminal Nerve Sensory Nuclei 1-Mesencephalic nucleus (GSA) most superior one, from upper part of pons to mid brain... -specialized in Unconscious proprioception..(like function of spinocerebuller tract) 2- Main sensory nucleus (GSA) directly beside of motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve in pons - specialized in Touch & pressure.. ex:: posterior column of median meniscus. 3- Spinal nucleus* (GSA) below the pons "medulla" up to upper part of Spinal cord" C-2" - specialized in Pain & temperature.. ex:: pyramidal spinothalmatic tract ## Somatotopic organisation - Ophthalmic most caudal - Mandibular most rostral *receive GSA from V, IX, X SLIDE 19 Trigeminal Nerve Sensory Nuclei Spinal nucleus parts 1- Pars caudalis # Below pyramidal decussation * Pain & temperature "mostly" * Receive fibers from: C1 C3, GSA from IIV,IX, V, cerebral blood vessels... because of overlapping 2- Pars interpolaris # Below rostral third of the inferior olivary nucleus up to decussation.. * Pain sensation from teeth * Light touch..crude touch 3- Pars oralis * Light touch * Discriminative touch Main sensory nucleus Light touch Discriminative touch

7 SLIDE 20 Trigeminal Nerve Sensory Nuclei 1st order neurons - in Trigeminal ganglion 2nd order neurons -in Trigeminal nerve sensory nuclei Except mesencephalic nucleus * Contains 1st order neurons" in brain stem" Central axons cross midline * Form trigeminal lemniscus on VPM to cortex. 3rd order neurons VPM nucleus of thalamus Internal capsule NOTE:: *first order neuron "cell body of sensory" located outside CNS except... ""MESENCEPHALIC"" doesn't have 1st order neurons in Trigeminal ganglion,instead Contains 1st order neurons" in brain stem". * IT'S fibers transmitted modalities related to unconscious proprioception from head area that come by trigeminal SLIDE 21 Trigemino cervical Complex Upper cervical afferents converge to the pars caudalis of spinal trigeminal nucleus Cervical headache (cervicogenic headache) Pain referred from cervical origin to the head structures SLIDE 22 Trigemino vascular system Cerebral vessels and meningeal vessels are innervated by trigeminal nerve Pain afferents converge to the spinal trigeminal nucleus Migraine Sorry for any mistakes The happy ending "Put always your goal in your mind, and move gradually towards it, if not defeated yourself, yourself will defeat you, all people have the will, but not all the people are ready for Change."

General Sensory Pathways of the Face Area, Taste Pathways and Hearing Pathways

General Sensory Pathways of the Face Area, Taste Pathways and Hearing Pathways Lecture Objectives Describe pathways for general sensations (pain, temperature, touch and proprioception) from the face area.