INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGISTS USCAP COMPANION MEETING PROGRAM WASHINGTON D.C. New Concepts and Entities in Penile Cancer Pathology
|
|
- Leon Newton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGISTS USCAP COMPANION MEETING PROGRAM WASHINGTON D.C. New Concepts and Entities in Penile Cancer Pathology Elsa F. Velazquez, MD Brigham and Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA The majority of penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) show a conventional nonverruciform keratinizing squamous cell appearance (SCC of usual type). Histological variants included in the WHO histological classification of penile SCCs are: basaloid carcinoma, warty (condylomatous) carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, mixed carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas. (1-7). In this presentation I would briefly discuss some of the less common histological variants already included in the WHO classification and also describe some additional histological variants such as pseudohyperplastic SCC, carcinoma cuniculatum and acantholytic SCC that were more recently reported (8-12). In addition, I would like to present some of our more recent work in the area of penile carcinoma that includes HPV-related studies, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of precursor lesions and other studies related to prognosis. 1. Unusual And Recently Described Histopathological Variants Pseudohyperplastic carcinomas Pseudohyperplastic SCCs are non-verruciform low-grade tumors preferentially affecting the foreskin of older patients (8 th decade) and strongly associated with lichen sclerosus (8, 9). There is extreme differentiation and in small biopsies the tumors mimic pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. They are often multicentric and the second or third independent tumor may show some verrucous features. Grossly, they tend to be flat or slightly elevated measuring approximately 2 cm in greatest dimension. Characteristic microscopic features are infiltrative keratinizing nests of squamous cells with minimal atypia surrounded by a reactive stroma. This degree of differentiation is noted only in low-grade verruciform tumors such as verrucous or papillary cancers. The consistent association with lichen sclerosus suggests that this inflammatory condition may play a precancerous role. In a series of 10 cases, recurrence was noted in the glans of a patient 2 years after circumcision for a multicentric carcinoma of the foreskin. No metastases were found in any of these cases (8, 9). 1
2 Acantholytic (pseudoglandular or adenoid) SCC This unusual variant of SCC is characterized by the presence of pseudoglandular spaces secondary to acantholysis (10). Patient's median age is 54 years. The tumors tend to be large, involve multiple penile anatomical compartments and deeply invade into erectile corpora. The pseudoglandular spaces contain acantholytic neoplastic keratinocytes sometimes admixed with keratin material and necrotic debris. CEA and mucin stains are negative. p63 and 34BetaE12 are diffusely positive. Acantholytic SCC usually harbor high grade foci, invade deep anatomical structures and therefore tend to be associated with a high incidence of regional metastasis and mortality. The differential diagnosis includes gland forming penile tumors (surface adenosquamous, mucoepidermoid and urethral adenocarcinomas) and angiosarcoma (2, 3). Papillary Carcinoma There is a group of low-grade papillomatous SCC of the penis, collectively designated as "verruciform", that are difficult to classify. A proposal of classification grouped these tumors in warty (condylomatous), verrucous and papillary carcinomas. Papillary carcinoma is an exophytic, slowly growing, low-grade SCC without HPV-related changes (2, 3, 5). It is usually located in the glans (51% of cases). Less frequently affects several anatomical compartments such as glans, coronal sulcus and foreskin (37%) or glans and sulcus (9%). Exclusive foreskin location is unusual (3%). Inguinal lymph node metastasis rate is low. Grossly, they are large (mean= 5.6 cm) white-gray exophytic and destructive lesion. The cut surface usually shows a pearly white tumor with a serrated papillomatous surface and ill defined deep borders. Microscopically, the appearance is that of a well-differentiated papillary squamous neoplasm with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. The papillae show prominent fibrovascular cores and arborescent complex appearance. Koilocytotic-like changes are not seen. The interface between tumor and stroma is infiltrative. The majority of the tumors are well to moderately differentiated. Most lesions invade corpus spongiosum and/or dartos (77% cases). Vascular and perineural invasion are unusual. Papillary carcinomas have a good prognosis with nodal metastases seen in approximately 30% of patients. Mortality is low. The differential diagnosis includes verrucous carcinoma, carcinoma cuniculatum and warty carcinoma. Verrucous carcinomas share some architectural (papillary surface) and cytological (degree of differentiation and lack of koilocytosis) features with papillary carcinoma; however the deep border of verrucous carcinoma is classically broad and pushing compared to the jagged deep border of papillary carcinoma. In addition, papillary carcinoma tends to be slightly less differentiated that verrucous carcinoma, especially in deeper portions of the neoplasm. Carcinoma cuniculatum is a hybrid variant of verrucous carcinoma with a classical gross appearance. Warty carcinomas are HPV-related tumors that can be distinguished from papillary carcinomas by the marked pleomorphism and koilocytosis. 2
3 Carcinoma cuniculatum This unusual tumor was originally described by Ayrd et al in the plantar skin as a peculiar variant of verrucous carcinoma characterized by a deep burrowing growth pattern mimicking rabbit burrows (cuniculum) (11). Rare cases have been reported in the penis (12). The mean patients age is 77 years. Grossly, the tumors are large, papillomatous lesions with cobblestone appearance, usually affecting the glans and extending to the coronal sulcus and foreskin. Cut surface shows the hallmark of the lesion represented by deep and narrow, complex tumor invaginations that connect to the surface through sinus tracts. Microscopically, the bulk of the lesion has features of a verrucous carcinoma (extremely well differentiated with bulbous deep borders) usually associated with a minor component that is more infiltrative and less differentiated. In most cases, therefore, it represents a hybrid verrucous/usual SCC with a peculiar growth pattern. The deep invaginations form interanastomosing channels and pseudocystic structures that are lined by well differentiated carcinoma and filled with keratin material. Carcinoma cuniculatum appears to have a good prognosis. None of the reported cases metastasized (12). Mixed squamous cell carcinomas Squamous cell carcinomas of the usual type can be found in association with any other subtypes of penile cancer. Mixed carcinomas account for about 25% of penile SCCs. The classical example is that of a verrucous carcinoma with higher grade foci consisting of usual SCC, so-called hybrid carcinoma (13). The metastatic potential of these hybrid tumors is related to the grade and depth of invasion of the non-verrucous component (13). Another interesting mixed tumor is the warty-basaloid SCC, where an exophytic warty tumor is associated with a deeply invasive basaloid carcinoma (14). Clinical behavior is related to the basaloid component, with a high rate of regional metastasis. 2. Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN) Invasive squamous cell carcinomas are thought to be preceded by precursor lesions, namely penile intraepithelial neoplasms (PeIN). In keeping with the notion of a bimodal pathway of carcinogenesis in penile location, precursor lesions can be broadly classified in two main groups: HPV-related and HPV-unrelated variants. We have recently proposed a slightly modified nomenclature for penile preinvasive lesions (15). The term penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is preferred over old terms such as squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), erythroplasia of Queyrat and Bowen s disease. These latter two terms are synonymous with carcinoma in situ and have been used for lesions in the glans (erythroplasia of Queyrat) and skin of the shaft (Bowen s disease). PeIN can be classified in differentiated/simplex (HPVunrelated) and HPV-related variants. The latter includes warty, basaloid and mixed warty/basaloid. PeIN may be solitary or multifocal, and tend to be associated with infiltrating SCCs, in about two thirds of cases. In our experience, of these cases, approximately 65% tend to be associated with differentiated PeIN and 35% with warty/basaloid PeIN. Differentiated PeIN affects older patients, it usually arises in the setting of a chronic scarring inflammatory dermatosis and it is more frequently located in the 3
4 foreskin when compared with HPV-related variants. The latter affects younger patients and are usually more centrally in the glans and perimeatal region. The gross appearance of PeIN is heterogeneous and does not allow to distinguish between the different types. Lesions vary from flat to slightly elevated, pearly white or moist erythematous, dark brown or black, macules, papules, or plaques. The contours may be sharp or subtle and irregular. Microscopically, differentiated (simplex) PeIN is characterized by a thickened epithelium, usually associated with elongated and anastomosing rete ridges, subtle abnormal maturation (enlarged keratinocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm), whorling and keratin pearl formation (usually in deep rete ridges), prominent intercellular bridges (spongiosis and sometimes acantholysis) and atypical basal cells with hyperchromatic nuclei (15). Parakeratosis is frequent. A low power, the atypia seems to be present only in lower levels of the epidermis; however, at higher power, it is clearer that there is subtle but abnormal maturation in all levels of the epithelium. Despite the subtle changes, we believe that differentiated PeIN represents a high grade (although differentiated) lesion that may evolve to frank invasive carcinoma without showing more significant atypias (15). It is not surprising that the precursor lesions of well-differentiated invasive tumors show such a high degree of differentiation. It is important to recognize this lesion because it appears to be the most frequent precursor lesion of penile carcinomas, especially the keratinizing and well differentiated variants. A preferential association was seen between lichen sclerosus and differentiated PeIN when compared with warty/basaloid variants (16, 17). It is therefore important to keep a high level of suspicion when dealing with hyperkeratotic/hyperplastic lesions with subtle keratinocytic atypia arising in the setting of long standing lichen sclerosus (16, 17). The second major group of PeIN corresponds to the HPV-related lesions such as warty, basaloid and mixed PeIN. In basaloid PeIN, the epithelium is replaced by a monotonous population of small immature cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (15). Apoptosis and mitotic figures are numerous. In warty PeIN, the involved epithelium has an undulating/spiking surface with atypical parakeratosis. There is striking cellular pleomorphism and koilocytosis (multinucleation, nuclei with irregular contours, perinuclear halo and dyskeratosis). Mitosis tend to be numerous. Frequently, lesions show overlapping features of both, namely mixed warty/basaloid PeIN. These mixed lesions tend to have a spiking surface with koilocytic changes while the lower half of the epithelium is predominantly composed of small basaloid cells. Basaloid and warty PeIN can be divided in low grade and high grade lesions when the atypical cells occupy less than half of more than half of the epithelial thickness respectively. Most of the warty and basaloid PeIN will fall within the high grade category. Full thickness atypia of the epithelium equals carcinoma in situ. p16 is usually over-expressed in warty and basaloid PeIN and negative in differentiated PeIN (15). 3. HPV and p16 in Penile Carcinoma The overall prevalence of HPV-DNA detection in penile cancers is approximately 40-50% and this figure is very similar to that detected in vulvar carcinomas (18-20). No significant differences in HPV prevalence were seen when comparing cases from USA and Paraguay (18). Although HPV reveals a remarkable plurality of different genotypes, only a limited 4
5 number are associated with penile carcinomas. High-risk HPV 16 is by far the most frequently type associated with penile cancer, followed by HPV 18. Tumor types that are significantly related to HPV include the warty and basaloid variants. In a recent study it was found that the basaloid cell (small, round blue cell) is the single most reliable morphological feature that correlates with the presence of HPV in a particular tumor. At a molecular level, p16ink4a appears to be a specific marker for cells that express the viral E6-E7 oncogenes (21, 22). Since expression of p16ink4a underlies a negative feedback control through prb, the enhanced expression of p16 is probably due to reduced or lost prb function. Binding of HPV-E7 oncoprotein to prb causes degradation of prb with consequent loss of Rb-tumour suppressor function and p16 overexpression, which can be demonstrated immunohistochemically. We recently found a significant over-expression of p16 in warty and warty-basaloid tumors when compared with HPV-unrelated variants of verruciform lesions (23). Interestingly, the precursor lesions of HPV-related tumors (warty and warty/basaloid PeIN) were strongly positive for p16 while the precursor lesions of HPV-unrelated tumors (differentiated PeIN and lichen sclerosus) did not express p16 further supporting the concept of a bimodal pathway of tumor progression. It is important to recognize that the majority (approximately 55-60%) of penile cancers appear to be HPV-unrelated. Very little is known about the molecular pathway involved in the carcinogenesis of HPV-unrelated tumors and this is an area that needs to be investigated. 4. Prognostic Index Considering the high morbidity of groin dissection, there is need to find a method to better select potential candidates that could benefit from this procedure. Sentinel node biopsy (especially the dynamic method) appears as a promising methodology to identify early metastatic foci. The high rate of recurrences rate (in most studies), lack of multicenter reproduction, and cost of dynamic sentinel node biopsies preclude their routine implementation in developing countries and other approaches are necessary. Because histologic grade, depth of tumor infiltration, and perineural invasion (PNI) are considered among the most important pathologic prognostic parameters in penile cancer (24-28), we devised a Prognostic Index combining these 3 factors (29). The Prognostic Index (ranging from 2 to 7) consists in the addition of numerical values given to histologic grade (1 to 3), deepest anatomic level involved by cancer (1 to 3), and presence of PNI (0 or 1). Histologic grades were defined as follows: grade 1, carcinomas with minimal to no atypias; grade 3, tumors showing any proportion of anaplastic cells; and grade 2, the remainder tumors. The anatomic levels and their numerical values were: in glans, lamina propria, 1; corpus spongiosum, 2; and corpus cavernosum, 3. In foreskin they were: lamina propria, 1; dartos, 2; and skin, 3. PNI was evaluated as follows: absence of PNI, 0; presence of PNI, 1. Prognostic Index scores were found as the best predictors of inguinal node metastasis and patients' survival in a recent study (29). Inguinal node dissections might not be necessary for patients with low indices (2 and 3). Nodal dissections might be formally indicated for high-grade indexes (5 to 7). Patients with index 4 should be individually assessed for nodal dissection. Prognostic Index might represent a useful pathologic guide to the clinicians in the often difficult decision whether to perform or not an inguinal dissection. 5
6 REFERENCES 1. Cubilla AL, Dillner J, Schellhammer PF, et al. Malignant epithelial tumors. In Tumors of the penis. Pathology & Genetics. Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, WHO. IARC Press, Lyon Velazquez EF, Cubilla AL. Penile squamous cell carcinoma: anatomic, pathologic and viral studies in Paraguay ( ). Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2007; 29: Review. 3. Velazquez EF, Barreto JE, Ayala G, Cubilla AL. The penis. In: Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Editor: Stacey E Mills MD. Fifth Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, Gregoire L, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: a distinctive human papilloma virus-related penile neoplasm: a report of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22: Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF, Reuter VE, et al. Warty (condylomatous) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a report of 11 cases and proposed classification of `verruciform' penile tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24: Chaux A, Soares F, Rodriguez I et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) of the penis: Clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and outcome of 35 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2009: In press. 7. Velazquez EF, Melamed J, Barreto JE, et al. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the penis: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005; 29: Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF, Young RH. Pseudohyperplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis associated with lichen sclerosus. An extremely welldifferentiated, nonverruciform neoplasm that preferentially affects the foreskin and is frequently misdiagnosed: a report of 10 cases of a distinctive clinicopathologic entity. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004; 28: Velazquez EF, Cubilla AL. Pseudohyperplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis associated with lichen sclerosus. Pathology Case Reviews 2005; 10: Cunha IW, Guimaraes GC, Soares F, et al. Pseudoglandular (adenoid, acantholytic) penile squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and outcome study of 7 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33: Ayrd I, Johnson HD, Lennox B, et al. Epithelioma cuniculatum: a variety of squamous carcinoma peculiar to the foot. Br J Surg. 1954; 42:
7 12. Barreto JE, Velazquez EF, Ayala E, et al. Carcinoma cuniculatum: a distinctive variant of penile squamous cell carcinoma: report of 7 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31: Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF et al. The heterogeneous spectrum of penile verrucous carcinoma. Morphological features of classical and mixed variants. A report of 36 cases. Modern Pathol 2004; 17: 610A. 14. Tamboli P, Tran TA, Ro JY, et al. Mixed basaloid-condylomatous (warty) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a report of 17 cases. Lab Invest 2000; 80:115A. 15. Distinctive association of p16 over-expression with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) depicting warty and/or basaloid features: a study of 141 cases evaluating a new nomenclature. Am J Surg Pathol: In press. 16. Velazquez EF, Cubilla AL. Lichen sclerosus in 68 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: frequent atypias and correlation with special carcinoma variants suggests a precancerous role. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27: Velazquez EF, Pfannl R, Barreto JE, Torres J, Cubilla AL. Preferential association of lichen sclerosus with differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Lab Invest 2008; 855 (A). 18. Rubin MA, Kleter B, Zhou M, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma: evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159: Gregoire L, Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, et al. Preferential association of human papillomavirus with high-grade histologic variants of penile-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: Miralles-Guri C, Bruni L, Cubilla AL, et al.human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in penile carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2009; 62: Klaes R, Friedrich T, Spitkovsky D, et al. Overexpression of p16(ink4a) as a specific marker for dysplastic and neoplastic epithelial cells of the cervix uteri. Int J Cancer. 2001; 92: Riethdorf S, Neffen EF, Cviko A, et al. p16ink4a expression as biomarker for HPV 16-related vulvar neoplasias. Hum Pathol. 2004; 35: Velazquez EF, Soares F, Werneck da Cunha I et al. p16 and p53 expression in penile verruciform tumors: Correlation with tumor subtypes. An immunohistochemical analysis of 50 cases. Lab Invest 2008; 88: 856 (A). 24. Cubilla AL. The role of pathologic prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. World J Urol 2009; 27:
8 25. Guimarães GC, Cunha IW, Soares FA, Lopes A, Torres J, Chaux A, Velazquez EF, Ayala G, Cubilla AL. Penile squamous cell carcinoma clinicopathological features, nodal metastasis and outcome in 333 cases. J Urol 2009; 182: Chaux A, Reuter V, Lezcano C, Velazquez EF, Torres J, Cubilla AL. Comparison of morphologic features and outcome of resected recurrent and nonrecurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a study of 81 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33: Chaux A, Torres J, Pfannl R, et al. Histologic Grade in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Visual estimation versus digital measurement of proportions of grades, adverse prognosis with any proportion of grade 3 and correlation of a Gleason-like system with nodal metastasis. Am J Surg Pathol 2009 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print]. 28. Velazquez EF, Ayala G, Liu H, et al. Histologic grade and perineural invasion are more important than tumor thickness as predictor of nodal metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma invading 5 to 10 mm. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32: Chaux A, Caballero C, Soares F, et al. The Prognostic Index: A useful pathologic guide for prediction of nodal metastases and survival in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print]. 8
Penile cancer teams in UK. Common variants. Penile cancer teams. Basaloid squamous carcinoma. The Pathology of Penile Tumours
The Pathology of Penile Tumours Dr Jonathan H Shanks The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Penile cancer teams in UK 12 centres for penile cancer work (10 in England and Wales, 2 in Scotland)
More informationCase Report Warty Carcinoma Penis: An Uncommon Variant
Hindawi Case Reports in Pathology Volume 2017, Article ID 2937592, 4 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2937592 Case Report Warty Carcinoma Penis: An Uncommon Variant Sushma Thapa, 1 Arnab Ghosh, 1 Santosh
More informationACCME/Disclosures. 52 year old man who consulted for a long-standing mass on the distal penis 4/13/2016
ACCME/Disclosures United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Seattle, WA 2016 Elsa F Velazquez, MD Director of Dermatopathology, V.P. Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology Tufts University,
More informationWarty carcinoma of the penis: A clinicopathological study from South India
Original Article Warty carcinoma of the penis: A clinicopathological study from South India Marie Therese Manipadam, Suresh Kumar Bhagat 1, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan 1, Nitin S. Kekre 1, Ninan K. Chacko 1,
More informationPenis/Scrotum. 5.1 Extramammary Paget disease vs. High-grade penile intraepithelial
5 Penis/Scrotum 5.1 Extramammary Paget disease vs. High-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia 5.2 Pseudoepitheliomatous squamous cell carcinoma vs. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia 5.3 Verrucous squamous
More informationWhen Immunostains Can Get You in Trouble: Gynecologic Pathology p16: Panacea or Pandora s Box?
When Immunostains Can Get You in Trouble: Gynecologic Pathology p16: Panacea or Pandora s Box? Teri A. Longacre, MD Stanford Medicine Stanford California pi6 in Gynecologic Pathology: Panacea or Pandora
More information04/09/2018. Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions. Agenda. Squamous Dysplasia. Squamo-proliferative lesions. Architectural features
Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical
More informationBenign and malignant epithelial lesions: Seborrheic keratosis: A common benign pigmented epidermal tumor occur in middle-aged or older persons more
Benign and malignant epithelial lesions: Seborrheic keratosis: A common benign pigmented epidermal tumor occur in middle-aged or older persons more common on the trunk; but extremities, head and neck are
More informationA five year study on differential diagnosis of verruciform penile lesions
Original Research Article A five year study on differential diagnosis of verruciform penile lesions S. Sujatha 1, V. Srinivas Kumar 2*, K. Durga 3 1 Associate Professor, 2 Assistant Professor, 3 Professor
More informationDiagnostic difficulties with lesions of the oral mucosa
BDIAP London, November 2010 School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Diagnostic difficulties with lesions of the oral mucosa Paul M Speight Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology University of
More informationChapter 6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Variants and Challenges
Chapter 6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Variants and Challenges Michael B. Morgan EPIDEMIOLOGY: Second most common skin cancer, rare in the dark-skinned races. ETIOLOGY: Ultraviolet light, HPV infection. PATHOGENESIS:
More informationDiseases of the vulva
Diseases of the vulva 1. Bartholin Cyst - Infection of the Bartholin gland produces an acute inflammation within the gland (adenitis) and may result in an abscess. Bartholin duct cysts - Are relatively
More informationVULVAR CARCINOMA. Page 1 of 5
VULVAR CARCINOMA EXAMPLE OF A VULVAR CARCINOMA USING PROPOSED TEMPLATE Case: Invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in D-VIN Tumor in left labia major Left partial vaginectomy and sentinel lymph node
More informationPathology of the skin. 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University
Pathology of the skin 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Histology of the skin Epidermis: Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Dermis: papillary and reticular
More informationProtocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Penis
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Penis Version: Protocol Posting Date: June 2017 Includes ptnm requirements from the 8 th Edition, AJCC Staging Manual For accreditation
More informationEAU GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER
EAU GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER (Text update April 2014) O.W. Hakenberg (Chair), E. Compérat, S. Minhas, A. Necchi, C. Protzel, N. Watkin Guidelines Associate: R. Robinson Introduction and epidemiology
More informationClinically Microscopically Pathogenesis: autoimmune not lifetime
Vulvar Diseases: Can be divided to non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The neoplastic diseases are much less common. Of those, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common. most common in postmenopausal
More informationVulvar squamous cell carcinoma
The Clinical Significance of Stratifying Vulval Squamous Carcinoma into HPV and Non-HPV Related Variants C. BLAKE GILKS MD FRCPC Dept of Pathology, University of British Columbia Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
More informationAcantholytic Anaplastic Extramammary Paget s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Ann Dermatol Vol. 23, Suppl. 2, 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2011.23.s2.s226 CASE REPORT Acantholytic Anaplastic Extramammary Paget s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Yu-Jin Oh,
More informationProtocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Carcinoma of the Penis
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Carcinoma of the Penis Protocol applies to primary carcinoma of the penis. Primary urethral carcinomas and melanomas are not included. Version:
More informationEpithelial abnormalities and precancerous lesions of anterior urethra in patients with penile carcinoma: a report of 89 cases
& 2005 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/05 $30.00 www.modernpathology.org Epithelial abnormalities and precancerous lesions of anterior urethra in patients with penile carcinoma: a report of 89
More informationEAU GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER
EAU GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER (Text update April 2014) O.W. Hakenberg (Chair), N. Watkin, E. Compérat, S. Minhas, A. Necchi, C. Protzel Introduction and epidemiology The incidence of penile cancer increases
More informationBasal cell carcinoma 5/28/2011
Goal of this Presentation A practical approach to the diagnosis of cutaneous carcinomas and their mimics Thaddeus Mully, MD University of California San Francisco To review common non-melanoma skin cancers
More informationPathological risk-group stratifcatioo systems for peoile caocer maoagemeot: A study of 198 patieots with iovasive squamous cell carciooma
Alcides Chaux Office of Scientific Research Norte University Rev UN Med 2013 2(1): 69-92 Pathological risk-group stratifcatioo systems for peoile caocer maoagemeot: A study of 198 patieots with iovasive
More informationUropathology January Jon Oxley
Uropathology January 2012 Jon Oxley Background to seminar These slides were available to view via the web from scanned slides The junior pathologists answered questions on them via the web The answers
More informationGUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER
GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER (Text updated March 2005) G. Pizzocaro (chairman), F. Algaba, S. Horenblas, H. van der Poel, E. Solsona, S. Tana, N. Watkin 58 Penile Cancer Eur Urol 2004;46(1);1-8 Introduction
More informationHistopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia
Histopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you need to learn about
More informationGUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER
GUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER (Text update April 2010) G. Pizzocaro, F. Algaba, S. Horenblas, E. Solsona, S. Tana, H. Van Der Poel, N. Watkin 78 Penile Cancer Eur Urol 2010 Jun;57(6):1002-12 Introduction
More informationPrepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih
Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih The structure of the suspected atypical cell should always be compared to the structure of other similar, benign, cells which are present in the smears. The diagnosis
More informationPremalignant lesions may expose to a promoting. factor & may be induced to undergo malignant. Carcinoma in situ displays the cytologic features of
بسم رلاهللا Def. Premalignant lesions may expose to a promoting factor & may be induced to undergo malignant transformation. Carcinoma in situ displays the cytologic features of malignancy without invasion
More informationARTHUR PURDY STOUT SOCIETY COMPANION MEETING: DIFFICULT NEW DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES IN PROSTATE PATHOLOGY. Jonathan I. Epstein.
1 ARTHUR PURDY STOUT SOCIETY COMPANION MEETING: DIFFICULT NEW DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES IN PROSTATE PATHOLOGY Jonathan I. Epstein Professor Pathology, Urology, Oncology The Reinhard Professor of Urological
More informationSynonyms. Nephrogenic metaplasia Mesonephric adenoma
Nephrogenic Adenoma Synonyms Nephrogenic metaplasia Mesonephric adenoma Definition Benign epithelial lesion of urinary tract with tubular, glandular, papillary growth pattern Most frequently in the urinary
More informationIntraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: histologic features and clinical significance
& 2006 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/06 $30.00 www.modernpathology.org Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: histologic features and clinical significance Charles C Guo 1 and
More informationObjectives. Atypical Glandular Cells. Atypical Endocervical Cells. Reactive Endocervical Cells
2013 California Society of Pathologists 66 th Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA Atypical Glandular Cells to Early Invasive Adenocarcinoma: Cervical Cytology and Histology Christina S. Kong, MD Associate
More informationISPUB.COM. Seborrheic Keratosis: A Pictorial Review of the Histopathologic Variations. D Sarma, S Repertinger
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dermatology Volume 7 Number 2 Seborrheic Keratosis: A Pictorial Review of the Histopathologic Variations D Sarma, S Repertinger Citation D Sarma, S Repertinger.. The Internet
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140: ; doi: /arpa.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140:1052 1059; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0219-RA) Papillary lesions of the breast Span the spectrum of benign,
More informationHuman Papillomavirus and Head and Neck Cancer. Ed Stelow, MD
Human Papillomavirus and Head and Neck Cancer Ed Stelow, MD No conflict of interest Declaration Cancer 1974 Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: e477-8 JAMA 1984; 252: 1857 JAMA 1988;259(13):1943-1944 Clin Cancer Res
More informationPAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals
PAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals Historical Named after George Papanicolaou, a Greek American Studied cervical epithelium in menstrual cycle of guinea
More informationLARYNGEAL DYSPLASIA. Tomas Fernandez M; 3 rd year ENT resident, Son Espases University Hospital
LARYNGEAL DYSPLASIA Tomas Fernandez M; 3 rd year ENT resident, Son Espases University Hospital INTRODUCTION Laryngeal cancer constitutes 1-2% of all malignancies diagnosed worldwide Survival is related
More informationNeoplasia 2018 Lecture 2. Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath
Neoplasia 2018 Lecture 2 Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath ILOS 1. List the differences between benign and malignant tumors. 2. Recognize the histological features of malignancy. 3. Define dysplasia and understand
More informationMody. AIS vs. Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix
Common Problems in Gynecologic Pathology Michael T. Deavers, M.D. Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas Common Problems in Gynecologic Pathology Adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS) of the Cervix vs. Invasive
More informationGUIDELINEs ON PENILE CANCER
GUIDELINEs ON PENILE CANCER (update April 2010) G. Pizzocaro, F. Algaba, S. Horenblas, E. Solsona, S. Tana, H. Van Der Poel, N. Watkin Eur Urol 2010, doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2010.01.039 Introduction Over
More informationMaram Abdaljaleel, MD Dermatopathologist and Neuropathologist University of Jordan, School of Medicine
Maram Abdaljaleel, MD Dermatopathologist and Neuropathologist University of Jordan, School of Medicine The most common non-skin malignancy of women 2 nd most common cause of cancer deaths in women, following
More informationPapillary Lesions of the breast
Papillary Lesions of the breast Emad Rakha Professor of Breast Pathology The University of Nottingham Papillary lesions of the breast are a heterogeneous group of disease, which are characterised by neoplastic
More informationCARCINOMA OF THE PENIS STRUCTURED REPORTING PROTOCOL. (1st Edition 2018)
CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS STRUCTURED REPORTING PROTOCOL (1st Edition 2018) Incorporating the: International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) Dataset for the reporting of Carcinoma of the Penis and
More informationSynchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the breast. and invasive lobular carcinoma
Sentani K et al. 1 Letter to the editor Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the breast and invasive lobular carcinoma Kazuhiro Sentani, 1 Takashi Tashiro, 2 Naohide Oue, 1 Wataru Yasui 1 1 Department
More informationUICC TNM 8 th Edition Errata
UICC TNM 8 th Edition Errata ions are in italics Page 28 Oropharynx p16 positive Pathological Stage II,T2 N2 M0 T3 N0,N1 M0 Stage II,T2 N2 M0 T3,T4 N0,N1 M0 Page 61 Oesophagus Adenocarcinoma Pathological
More informationUpdate of the role of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer
Update of the role of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer 2013 International & 12 th National Head and Neck Tumour Conference Shanghai, 11 13 Oct 2013 Prof. Paul KS Chan Department of Microbiology
More information1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal
Diseases of cervix I. Inflammations 1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal squamous mucosa
More informationDiseases of the penis & testis
Diseases of the penis & testis Done by : Saef B AL-Abbadi Diseases of penis, Condyloma Acuminatum A benign tumor *Tend to recur but only rarely progress into in situ or invasive cancers read this = genital
More informationHandling and Pathology Reporting of Circumcision and Penectomy Specimens $
European Urology European Urology 46 (2004) 434 439 Review Handling and Pathology Reporting of Circumcision and Penectomy Specimens $ Gregor Mikuz a,*, Alison M. Winstanley b, Claude C. Schulman c, Frans
More informationVulva Cancer Histopathology Reporting Proforma
Vulva Cancer Histopathology Reporting Proforma Mandatory questions (i.e. protocol standards) are in bold (e.g. S1.01). S1.01 Identification Family name Given name(s) Ethnicity Unknown AboriginalTorres
More informationDysplasia, Mimics and Other Controversies
Dysplasia, Mimics and Other Controversies Mary S. Richardson, MD Dept. of Pathology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC Notice of Faculty Disclosure In accordance with ACGME guidelines,
More informationDisorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia. Histopathology Lab
Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia Histopathology Lab Paul Hanna April 2010 Case #84 Clinical History: 5 yr-old, West Highland White terrier. skin mass from axillary region. has been present for the
More informationSquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) Part 1 Bruce M. Wenig, M.D. Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Continuum Health Partners New York, NY College of American Pathologists 2004. Materials
More informationGUIDELINES ON PENILE CANCER
46 E. Solsona (chairman), F. Algaba, S. Horenblas, G. Pizzocaro, T. Windahl Eur Urol 2002;42(3):199-203 Introduction Penile carcinoma is an uncommon malignant disease with an incidence ranging from 0.1
More informationInternational Society of Gynecological Pathologists Symposium 2007
International Society of Gynecological Pathologists Symposium 2007 Anais Malpica, M.D. Department of Pathology The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Grading of Ovarian Cancer Histologic grade
More information2 to 3% of All New Visceral Cancers Peak Incidence is 6th Decade M:F = 2:1 Grossly is a Bright Yellow, Necrotic Mass with a Pseudocapsule
GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY Kathleen M. O Toole, M.D. Renal Cell Carcinoma 2 to 3% of All New Visceral Cancers Peak Incidence is 6th Decade M:F = 2:1 Grossly is a Bright Yellow Necrotic Mass Grossly is a Bright
More informationEpithelial tumors. Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev
Epithelial tumors Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev Epithelial tumors Tumors from the epithelium are the most frequent among tumors. There are 2 group features of these tumors: The presence in most
More informationCase: The patient is a 62 year old woman with a history of renal cell carcinoma that was removed years ago. A 2.4 cm liver mass was found on CT
Case: The patient is a 62 year old woman with a history of renal cell carcinoma that was removed years ago. A 2.4 cm liver mass was found on CT during follow- up. ALT, AST, Alk Phos and bilirubin were
More informationNEOPLASMS OF THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM (KERATINOCYTES)
NEOPLASMS OF THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM (KERATINOCYTES) Papillary Lesions Precancerous Lesions Keratinocyte Proliferations Carcinomas Melanotic Lesions Melanomas Normal Mucosa Keratin layer Spinous layer Basal
More informationHPV and Head and Neck Cancer: What it means for you and your patients
HPV and Head and Neck Cancer: What it means for you and your patients Financial Disclosure: None November 8, 2013 Steven J. Wang, MD Associate Professor Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
More informationHistopathology: skin pathology
Histopathology: skin pathology These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationSquamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions
Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical
More informationDermatopathology: The tumor is composed of keratinocytes which show atypia, increase mitoses and abnormal mitoses.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): A common malignant tumor of keratinocytes arising in the epidermis, usually from a precancerous condition: 1- UV induced actinic keratosis, usually of low grade malignancy.
More informationBreast Pathology. Breast Development
Breast Pathology Lecturer: Hanina Hibshoosh, M.D. Reading: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins, Basic Pathology, 6th Edition, pages 623-635 Breast Development 5th week - thickening of the epidermis - milk line 5th
More informationPRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES GYNECOLOGIC CANCER VULVAR
PRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES GYNECOLOGIC CANCER VULVAR Last Revision Date July 2015 1 Site Group: Gynecologic Cancer Vulvar Author: Dr. Stephane Laframboise 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationUniversity Journal of Pre and Para Clinical Sciences
ISSN 2455 2879 Volume 2 Issue 1 2016 Metaplastic carcinoma breast a rare case report Abstract : Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignancy with two distinct cell lines described as a breast
More informationSalivary Glands 3/7/2017
Salivary Glands 3/7/2017 Goals and objectives Focus on the entities unique to H&N Common board type facts Information for your future practice Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Major gland. Paratid. Submandibular.
More informationCHAPTER 5. Tumours of the Penis
CHPTER 5 Tumours of the Penis The incidence of penile cancer varies worldwide, with the highest burden in some developing countries, particularly in frica and South merica. This indicates that environmental
More informationNon Small Cell Lung Cancer Histopathology ד"ר יהודית זנדבנק
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Histopathology ד"ר יהודית זנדבנק 26.06.09 Lecture outlines WHO histological classification Macro/Micro assessment Early diagnosis Minimal pathology Main subtypes SCC, AdCa, LCLC
More informationB. Environmental Factors. a. The major risk factor to papillary thyroid cancer is exposure to ionizing radiation, during the first 2 decades of life.
B. Environmental Factors. a. The major risk factor to papillary thyroid cancer is exposure to ionizing radiation, during the first 2 decades of life. b. Deficiency of dietary iodine: - Is linked with a
More informationSlide seminar. Asist. Prof. Jože Pižem, MD, PhD Institute of Pathology Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana
Slide seminar Asist. Prof. Jože Pižem, MD, PhD Institute of Pathology Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana Case 5 A 57-year-old man with a dermal/subcutaneous lesion on the scalp, which was interpreted
More informationTopical Therapy for non-invasive penile cancer (Tis) updated results and toxicity
Review Article Topical Therapy for non-invasive penile cancer (Tis) updated results and toxicity Aditya Manjunath 1, Thomas Brenton 1, Sarah Wylie 1, Catherine M. Corbishley 2, Nick A. Watkin 1 1 Department
More information5/21/2018. Prostate Adenocarcinoma vs. Urothelial Carcinoma. Common Differential Diagnoses in Urological Pathology. Jonathan I.
Common Differential Diagnoses in Urological Pathology Jonathan I. Epstein Prostate Adenocarcinoma vs. Urothelial Carcinoma 1 2 NKX3.1 NKX3.1 3 4 5 6 Proposed ISUP Recommendations Option to use PSA as a
More informationHistopathology of Melanoma
THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 48, 409-416 (1975) Histopathology of Melanoma G. J. WALKER SMITH Department ofpathology, Yale University School ofmedicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut
More informationUICC TNM 8 th Edition Errata
UICC TNM 8 th Edition Errata ions are in italics Head and Neck Tumours Pages 20, p27, p34, p38, p41, and p49 ly pn2a Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, less than 3cm in greatest dimension with
More informationHead & Neck Squamous Carcinoma: Artifacts, Challenges, and Controversies. Agenda
Head & Neck Squamous Carcinoma: Artifacts, Challenges, and Controversies Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University
More informationNote: The cause of testicular neoplasms remains unknown
- In the 15- to 34-year-old age group, they are the most common tumors of men. - Tumors of the testis are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that include: I. Germ cell tumors : 95%; all are malignant.
More informationObjectives. Salivary Gland FNA: The Milan System. Role of Salivary Gland FNA 04/26/2018
Salivary Gland FNA: The Milan System Dr. Jennifer Brainard Section Head Cytopathology Cleveland Clinic Objectives Introduce the Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytopathology Define cytologic
More informationTHYMIC CARCINOMAS AN UPDATE
THYMIC CARCINOMAS AN UPDATE Mark R. Wick, M.D. University of Virginia Medical Center Charlottesville, VA CARCINOMA OF THE THYMUS General Clinical Features No apparent gender predilection Age range of 35-75
More informationEnterprise Interest Nothing to declare
Enterprise Interest Nothing to declare Iulia Bârsan, MD, Lien Hoang, MD, Cristina Terinte, MD, Anna Pesci, MD, Sarit Aviel-Ronen, MD, Takako Kiyokawa, MD, Isabel Alvarado- Cabrero, MD, Esther Oliva, MD,
More informationDiseases of the breast (1 of 2)
Diseases of the breast (1 of 2) Introduction A histology introduction Normal ducts and lobules of the breast are lined by two layers of cells a layer of luminal cells overlying a second layer of myoepithelial
More information3/28/2017. Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships. GU Evening Subspecialty Case Conference. Differential Diagnosis:
GU Evening Subspecialty Case Conference Rajal B. Shah, M.D. VP, Medical Director, Urologic Pathology Miraca Life Sciences, Irving, Texas Clinical Associate Professor of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine,
More informationUrinary Bladder: WHO Classification and AJCC Staging Update 2017
Urinary Bladder: WHO Classification and AJCC Staging Update 2017 Houston Society of Clinical Pathologists 58 th Annual Spring Symposium Houston, TX April 8, 2017 Jesse K. McKenney, MD Classification
More informationACCME/Disclosures. Cribriform Lesions of the Prostate. Case
Cribriform Lesions of the Prostate Ming Zhou, MD, PhD Departments of Pathology and Urology New York University Langone Medical Center New York, NY Ming.Zhou@NYUMC.ORG ACCME/Disclosures The USCAP requires
More informationDone by khozama jehad. Neoplasia of the cervix
Done by khozama jehad Neoplasia of the cervix An overview of cervical neoplasia very import. Most tumors of the cervix are of epithelial origin and are caused by oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus
More informationMicrocystic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung A Clinicopathologic Study of Three Cases
Anatomic Pathology / Microcystic SCC of the Lung Microcystic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung A Clinicopathologic Study of Three Cases Annikka Weissferdt, MD, and Cesar A. Moran, MD Key Words: Squamous
More informationSpectrum of Lesions in Cystoscopic Bladder Biopsies -A Histopathological Study
AJMS Al Ameen J Med Sci (2 012 )5 (2 ):1 3 2-1 3 6 (A US National Library of Medicine enlisted journal) I S S N 0 9 7 4-1 1 4 3 C O D E N : A A J M B G ORIGI NAL ARTICLE Spectrum of Lesions in Cystoscopic
More informationThe pathology of bladder cancer
1 The pathology of bladder cancer Charles Jameson Introduction Carcinoma of the bladder is the seventh most common cancer worldwide [1]. It comprises 3.2% of all cancers, with an estimated 260 000 new
More information5/21/2018. Difficulty in Underdiagnosing Prostate Cancer. Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Evaluation of Prostate Cancer and Atypical on Needle Biopsy
Evaluation of Prostate Cancer and Atypical on Needle Biopsy Jonathan I. Epstein Difficulty in Underdiagnosing Prostate Cancer Limited tissue on needle biopsy (1 cm. x
More informationSarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinoma of the cricopharynx presenting as dysphagia
Case Report Sarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinoma of the cricopharynx presenting as dysphagia Jagtap Sunil V. 1, Shukla Dhirajkumar B. 2, Jagtap Swati S. 3, Havle Abhay D. 4 1 Associate Professor, Department
More informationMicrocystic transitional cell carcinoma: a rare tumor of the urinary bladder
PATHOLOGICA 2017;109:151-155 Case report Microcystic transitional cell carcinoma: a rare tumor of the urinary bladder M. TRIKI 1, L. AYADI 1, R. KALLEL 1, S. CHARFI 1, I. SAGUEM 1, N. MHIRI 2, T.S. BOUDAWARA
More informationThe concept that invasive squamous cell carcinoma of
REVIEW ARTICLE Redefining Early Cervical Neoplasia: Recent Progress Marisa R. Nucci, MD and Christopher P. Crum, MD Abstract: The classification of cervical precancers has evolved over the past 40 years
More informationAlthough current American Cancer Society guidelines
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diffuse Adenosis of the Peripheral Zone in Prostate Needle Biopsy and Prostatectomy Specimens Tamara L. Lotan, MD* and Jonathan I. Epstein, MD*w z Abstract: We have observed a group of
More informationNEOPLASIA-I CANCER. Nam Deuk Kim, Ph.D.
NEOPLASIA-I CANCER Nam Deuk Kim, Ph.D. 1 2 Tumor in the hieroglyphics of the Edwin Smith papyrus (1,600 B.C., Breasted s translation 1930) 3 War on Cancer (National Cancer Act, 1971) 4 Cancer Acts in Korea
More informationPathology of the Thyroid
Pathology of the Thyroid Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from Follicular Cells 2015-01-19 Prof. Dr. med. Katharina Glatz Pathologie Carcinomas Arising from Follicular Cells Differentiated Carcinoma Papillary
More informationRENAL CELL CARCINOMA 2 to 3% of All New Visceral Cancers Peak Incidence is 6th Decade M:F = 2:1 Grossly is a Bright Yellow, Necrotic Mass with a Pseud
GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY Kathleen M. O Toole Toole, M.D. RENAL CELL CARCINOMA 2 to 3% of All New Visceral Cancers Peak Incidence is 6th Decade M:F = 2:1 Grossly is a Bright Yellow, Necrotic Mass with a
More informationProstate cancer ~ diagnosis and impact of pathology on prognosis ESMO 2017
Prostate cancer ~ diagnosis and impact of pathology on prognosis ESMO 2017 Dr Puay Hoon Tan Division of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Prostate cancer (acinar adenocarcinoma) Invasive carcinoma composed
More informationHuman Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Carcinomas
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Carcinomas Guideline from the College of American Pathologists Early Online Release Publication: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 12/18/2017 Overview
More information