An Introduction to the Structure, Function and Aging of the Human Brain.
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1 An Introduction to the Structure, Function and Aging of the Human Brain. These lectures will discuss the anatomy and workings of this amazing organ, that is thought to be the most complex structure to exist in the known universe. Discussions will include aspects of the nervous system as well as changes thought to be associated with the process of aging. Lecture Topics Lecture 1. Lecture 2. Lecture 3. Lecture 4. Lecture 5. Lecture 6. Central Nervous System - Gross Organization Central Nervous System Cellular & Internal Organization Internal Communication Synapses & Neurotransmitters Memory and Learning Motor & Sensory Interactions The Aging Brain Patterns and Problems Neuroplasticity Stem Cells, Repair, and Regeneration Reference Material The following list of books are well written and recommended for our audience. 1. Amthor, F. Neuroscience for Dummies. Clear and easy to read. A great place to begin. Lots of medical students use this book; but will not admit to it. 2. Blum, D. Sex on the Brain. A small, clear discussion about differences between male and female brains. Informative & great discussion material. 3. Costandi, M. Neuroplasticity MIT Press. Part of the MIT Essential Knowledge Series for the lay person. Highly recommended. 4. Fox, S. Human Physiology. One of many good textbooks used in introductory college/university classes in physiology. These books are clearly written for the non-scientist/first year student. Most texts of this type are available on line, and used/early editions are very inexpensive. 5. Kandel, E., et. al. eds. Principles of Neural Science. The benchmark text in neuroscience. Great detail and depth. Likely difficult for the beginner. 6. Marcus, G, and J. Freeman eds. The Future of the Brain. Essays by the World s Leading Neuroscientists. Intreaguing insights by researchers into their thoughts about a wide range of provovative brain topics. 7. Google and Google Scholar. Google via human brain images will have 100 s of images of brain anatomy and physiology. Scholar will have scientific articles. 1
2 Useful Vocabulary Definations and explainations of terms used in class are available on line, in the glossaries of textbooks and in scientific dictionaries. The following list contains most of the terms that will be mentioned in class. Amygdala Anterior horn cells Aphasia Apolipoprotein E Association cortex Astrocyte Autoimmune Basal nuclei (basal ganglia, subcortical nuclei) Biogenic amines/monoamines/catecholamines Brainstem Broca s Area (area 44 and 45) Brodman s areas Caudal (toward the tail) Central canal Cephalic (toward the head) Central nervous system (CNS) Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrum Lobes Neuron/Neuron doctrine Circle of Willis Commissural pathways Corpus callosum Critical period Decussate Diencephalon Differentiation Dopamine Entorhinal cortex (area 28) Fissure Frontal lobe Gamma-aminobutyric adic (GABA) Glutamate Gray matter vs White matter Gyrus vs Sulcus (Gyri/sulci = pl.) Hemisphere Hippocampus Homunculus Hypothalamus Laterial geniculate nucleus Lesion Limbic system Long vs short axons Medulla/medulla oblongata Midbrain/mesencephalon Mitosis/mitoticc Multipolar Myelincephalon Myelin sheath Nerve Neurofilament Neurotransmitter Nucleus Occipital lobe Oligodendrocyte Parietal Lobe Parkinson s disease Pons Postsynaptic vs Presynaptic Prefrontal cortex Proprioception Raphe nuclei Receptor Saggital Serotonin (5-HT) Substantia nigra Synapse/synaptic cleft Thalamus Ventricle 2
3 External View Left Side of Brain 3
4 4
5 Mid-Sagittal View Note: Corpus Callosum, Ventricles 3&4, Thalamus. 5
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