Exam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Exam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system"

Cecil Parks
6 years ago
Views:

1 Exam 2 PSYC 2022 Fall 1998 (2 points) What 2 nuclei are collectively called the striatum? (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system locus ceruleus A. anterior horn of lateral ventricles head of caudate nucleus B. 3rd ventricle substantia nigra C. cerebral acqueduct thalamus D. 4th ventricle (2 points) Which of the following structures is not located close to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles? A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. tail of caudate nucleus D. globus pallidus E. all of the above are located close to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles (2 points) Name 4 structures that are located within the midbrain (mesencephalon).

2 (2 points) On the basal ganglia diagram below place the letter that corresponds to the following structures: A. head of caudate nucleus B. tail of caudate nucleus C. putamen D. amygdala (7 points) On the mid-sagittal diagram below place the letter that corresponds to the following structures: A. calcarine sulcus B. cingulate gyrus C. corpus callosum D. pineal gland E. pituitary gland F. fornix G. anterior commissure H. 4th ventricle I. cerebral acqueduct J. thalamus K. mammillary bodies L. temporal lobe M. frontal lobe N. pons

3 (2 points) Which of the following events can lead to a conformational change in a protein? A. depolarization of the membrane surrounding a voltage-gated ion channel B. neurotransmitter binding to a receptor protein C. phosphorylation of a protein D. Calcium ion binding to a protein E. all of the above (2 points) What type of molecule forms the neuronal membrane bilayer? (2 points) What type of molecule forms the wall of a synaptic vessicle? (2.5 points) Match the following compound molecules with their basic molecular "building block". RNA A. fatty acids peptide B. amino acids lipid C. nucleotides DNA protein

4 (2 points) List 4 different kinds of protein molecules that are located at the axon terminal of a dopaminergic neuron. (2 points) True or False. Dopamine is an example of a protein. (2 points) A gene A. is a chromosome B. is a stretch of DNA that codes for a protein C. is a DNA molecule D. is a polymer of amino acids E. all of the above are true (2 points) Which of the following best characterizes the sequence of events leading to protein synthesis?

5 (4 points) Fill-in the empty cells of the table below which describes the 3 main dopaminergic projection pathways in the brain. Dopaminergic Pathway Location of dopaminergic cell body Location of dopaminergic axon terminals A general function associated with activity of this pathway substantia nigra meso-limbic meso-cortical regulates working memory; regulates other prefrontal cortex activites

6 (2.5 points) Match the following neurotransmitters with the general class of molecule to which they belong. Note there is more than one answer for some of the neurotransmitters indicate all answers that are appropriate. acetylcholine A. biogenic amine GABA B. monoamine beta-endorphin C. catecholamine dopamine D. amino acid serotonin E. peptide (3 points) Match the following neurotransmitters with the location of neuronal cell bodies that produce that neurotransmitter. (Note: there is only one best match for each neurotransmitter) acetylcholine A. ventral tegmental area norepinephrine B. subthalamus serotonin C. nucleus basalis of Meynert GABA D. raphe nuclei glutamate E. locus ceruleus dopamine F. globus pallidus (5 points) Match the following. Select only one form of transmission for each item on the left. glutamate A. wiring transmission GABA B. volume transmission biogenic amines spatially and temporally precise one neuron making connection with many target neurons

7 point-to-point communication especially important for sensory perception and motor commands especially important for regulating arousal, motivation and mood analogous to radio transmission analogous to telephone transmission (2 points) All of the output (projection) neurons of the cortex are glutamatergic. How then can the cortex produce an inhibitory effect on another brain region, such as the globus pallidus? (2 points) Treating Parkinson's patients with dopamine is not effective because dopamine doesn't cross the blood brain barrier. Is the inability of dopamine to cross the blood brain barrier an example of dopamine's pharmacodynamic properties or its pharmacokinetic properties? (2 points) Which of the following is true concerning the blood brain barrier? A. endothelial cells forming blood vessel walls in the brain have tight junctions B. only hydrophilic molecules can cross the blood brain barrier C. there is a structure in the neck which acts as a filter or barrier preventing most molecules from entering into the head D. the blood brain barrier prevents lipophilic molecules from entering into brain tissue E. no drugs are able to cross the blood brain barrier

8 (2 points) Where in the body does most drug metabolism take place? (2 points) Where are the cell bodies located of the neurons that selectively degenerate in the brains of Parkinson's patients? (2 points) Which of the following is not one of the 4 primary clinical signs of Parkinsonism? A. resting tremor B. muscular rigidity C. hyperkinesia D. bradykinesia E. akinesia (2 points) True or False. Genetic factors are believed to be the most important etiological factor for Parkinson's disease. (2 points) Dopamine molecules are transported back into the presynaptic neuron by A. dopamine transporters B. autoreceptors C. amino acid transporters D. monoamine transporters E. all of the above

9 (2 points) Dopamine molecules are packaged into vesicles by A. passive diffusion B. dopamine transporters C. amino acid transporters D. monoamine transporters E. autoreceptors (5 points) Fill-in the missing information on the diagram below. For numbers 1-4 fill-in the neurotransmitter that those depicted neurons manufacture and release from their axon terminals. For numbers 5-9 fill-in whether release of the neurotransmitter produces an excitatory (+) or an inhibitory (-) effect on its target neuron Also, on the diagram label the "direct pathway" Also, on the diagram label the "indirect pathway"

10 (3 points) Describe 3 ways that a drug could be a dopamine agonist. (3 points) Describe 3 ways that a drug could be a dopamine antagonist. (4 points) Place a check-mark next to all of the following statements that are necessary for combined L-DOPA and carbidopa treatment to be effective in treating Parkinson's disease. L-DOPA crosses the blood brain barrier L-DOPA acts directly on dopamine receptors in the striatum L-DOPA is taken up by surviving dopaminergic neurons and converted into dopamine carbidopa inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase carbidopa inhibits the enzyme L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase carbidopa inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase carbidopa crosses the blood brain barrier carbidopa works in the liver

11 (2 points) What are 2 different ways that a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, such as deprenyl, may be beneficial in treating Parkinson's disease? (2 points) What may be an advantage of bromocriptine treatment over L-DOPA + carbidopa treatment of Parkinson's disease? (2 points) True or False. In a new experimental procedure performed by Curt Freed and colleagues at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, cells from fetal mesencephalon have been injected into the substantia nigra of some patients with Parkinson's disease. (3 points) List 3 symptoms associated with Huntington's disease. (2 points) True or False. If a person inherits the defective gene responsible for Huntington's disease, that person has a 50% chance of eventually having Huntington's disease. (2 points) Fill in the blanks. In the early stages of Huntington's disease there is a selective degeneration of neurons whose cell bodies are located in the and who produce the neurotransmitter. (2 points) In general, describe how the structure of the defective gene responsible for Huntington's disease differs from the structure of the normal gene.

12 (2 points) In the video that we watched in class, Clive Wearing, after a tragic case of viral encephalitis had extensive bilateral damage to his temporal lobes. Briefly describe Clive's postencephalitis amnesia in terms of declarative memory, procedural memory, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. (2 points) Which of the following structures may be damaged by an extended period of vitamin B1 deficiency? A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus D. fornix E. all of the above =<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>=<>= Extra Credit: (2 points) Using the Oliver Sacks cases of Jimmy "the Lost Mariner" and/or Mr. Thompson of "A Matter of Identity", illustrate how Korsakoff's syndrome can result in greater retrograde amnesia and confabulation than is seen in patients that have selective damage to the hippocampus, such as Clive Wearing.

13 (2 points) Discuss 2 reasons why drug treatment may be more effective for treating Parkinson's disease than Huntington's disease. (2 points) Which brain areas appear to be especially important for the formation of episodic memories and procedural memories, respectively?

Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003

Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003 Subcortical Anatomy 1. Be able to locate the following structures and be able to indicate whether they are located in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, pons,