Neurotransmitters involved in Behavior. The Orchestra in the Brain

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Neurotransmitters involved in Behavior. The Orchestra in the Brain"

Augusta Barnett
5 years ago
Views:

1 Neurotransmitters involved in Behavior The Orchestra in the Brain

2 Nervous System Input External and internal stimuli Nervous System Processing Retrieval Storage Routing to different regions Output Motor behavior

3 What types of behavior? Ingestive Feeding Drinking Reproductive Sleep Homeostatic Temperature Learning and memory Addictive behavior

4 Many Which neurotransmitters?

5 Behaviors are a product of the nervous system. Nervous system is make up of nerve cells. Nerve cells communicate across synapses.

Synaptic Self Synapses, the spaces between neurons, are the channels through which we think, act, imagine, feel, and remember, and also the means by which our most fundamental

6 Synaptic Self Synapses, the spaces between neurons, are the channels through which we think, act, imagine, feel, and remember, and also the means by which our most fundamental traits, preferences, and beliefs are encoded. In short, they enable each of us to function as a single, integrated individual - a synaptic self - from moment to moment, from year to year.

7 Synapse Purves et al Neurosciece

8 Ionotropic and Metabotropic

9 LTP Change in Synaptic Strength Bliss and Lomo, J Physiol, 1998

10 Receptor diversity Adrenergic: α1a, α1b, α1c, α1d, α2a, α2b, α2c, α2d, β1, β2, β3 Dopaminergic: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 GABAergic: GABAA, GABAB1a, GABAB1δ, GABAB2, GABAC Glutaminergic: NMDA, AMPA kainate, mglur1, mglur2, mglur3, mglur4, mglur5, mglur6, mglur7 Histaminergic: H1, H2, H3 Cholinergic: Muscarinic: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5; Nicotinic: muscle, neuronal (α-bungarotoxin-insensitive), neuronal (α-bungarotoxin-sensitive) Opioid: μ, δ1, δ2, κ Serotonergic: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7 Glycinergic: Glycine Solomon H. Snyder. Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Second Messengers Galore in 40 Years. The Journal of Neuroscience, October 14, (41):

11 Neuromodulators (Biogenic Amines) Purves et al Neurosciece

12 Gu. Neuroscience, 2002

13 Acetylcholine (Ach) Arousal, attention, memory, aggression, sexuality, thirst Elaborates the ability to focus on the environment Attention function related to memory? REM sleep Senile dementia due cholingeric deficiency Emotion and fearful behavior

14 1936 Nobel Prize Otto Loewi Sir Henry Dale

15 Serotonin (5-HT) Inhibition of all behavioral tendencies Feeding, aggression, play, sexual, maternal Reduces behavior inducing fear-anxiety Sleep Raphe nucleus activity decreasing from wake to SWS Rostral raphe nucleus stops in REM

16 Norepinephrine (NE), noradrenaline (NA) State sensitive Decreased in sleep Responsive to all events in environment Arousal in stressful situation Sensory/psychomotor promoting activity

17 Dopamine Generalized ability for response initiation Triggering species-typical behavior Related to positive and negative incentives Largely permissive for expression of sensorymotor processing of motivated behavior Involved in reward

18 Interacting neurochemistry systems 5-HT counteracts NE effects on appetite. NE increases sensory orienting activity decreasing DA motor activity.

19 Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Unbiquitous inhibitory transmitter Found in interneurons behavior sequence are released

20 Neuropeptides Psychobehavioral processes Substance P found in high levels in spinal dorsal horn influencing sensory processing, e.g. pain Endogenous opioid systems pain control Reduce negative affect-ranging from separation distress to the generation of placebo effectscould be seen as opioid counterregulation of neurochemcial circuits that have been excessively aroused. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

The Story of the Vole Montane/Meadow Voles Polygamous Loners Mate promiscuously Females can abandon the pups Praire Vole Life-long monogamous pair bonds

21 The Story of the Vole Montane/Meadow Voles Polygamous Loners Mate promiscuously Females can abandon the pups Praire Vole Life-long monogamous pair bonds Rarely mate with other partners Aggressive males Build nest and provide extensive paternal care

22 Partner preference test A: a male and female vole are mated for 24 h. Nair H P, and Young L J Physiology 2006;21: by American Physiological Society

23 Winslow J, Hastings N, Carter C, Harbaugh C, Insel T (1993) A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Nature 365: The Journal of Neuroscience, 1994, 14(9): Patterns of Brain Vasopressin Receptor Distribution Associated with Social Organization in Microtine Rodents Thomas R. Insel, Zuo-Xin Wang, and Craig F. Ferris If AVP were essential for the mediation of pair bonding, one might predict that neural circuits for this peptide would differ in monogamous and polygynous species, as pair bonding is observed in the former and not the latter. Voles of the genus Microtus display diverse patterns of social organization and may provide some useful comparisons in which to test this prediction.

24 endocrinesurgeon.co.uk

25 How can AVP be involved so many different functions? V1aR found in the forebrain of the praire vole. Ventral pallidum, nuclei of the basal ganglia, and associated with the limbic system. Lim et al Nature 429:754

26 Can the promiscuous montane vole be make faithful? What experiment would you do? Can the faithful prarie vole be made promiscuous? What experiments would you do?

27 Kimberly A, Young, Yan Liu, and Zuxin Wang. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008; 148(4)

28 Role of Dopamine Pair bonding is blocked by dopamine antagonist in both prarie voles and upregulated V1aR montaine voles. Dopamine as an error signal in reinforcement learning.

29 Neurochemical system interact. It is like an orchestra with many different musical instruments. What is heard is what is the composition. Behavior depends on the composition of the neurochemical systems.

30 References 1. Jaak Panksepp, The neurochemistry of behavior. Ann. Rev. Psychol : Purves et al. Neuroscience. PubMed Bookshelf 3. Kimberly A, Young, Yan Liu, and Zuxin Wang. The neurobiology of social attachment: A comparative approach to behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical studies. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008; 148(4)

Neurotransmitter Systems III Neurochemistry. Reading: BCP Chapter 6

Neurotransmitter Systems III Neurochemistry Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the most important