Mitosis. Single Nano Micro Milli Macro. Primary. PCNA expression

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1 a b c DAPI YFP CC3 DAPI YFP PCNA DAPI YFP ph3 DAPI YFP KI67 e 6 Mitosis f 1 PCNA expression %ph3 + /YFP + n= n= %PCNA+/YFP+ 8 6 Supplementary Figure 1. Proliferation/apoptosis rates of metastatic lesions. (a) Proliferation. tumor an metastases were staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an Ki67 (green). (b) Mitosis. tumor an metastases were staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an ph3 (green). (c) PCNA expression. tumor an metastases were staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an PCNA (green). () Apoptosis. tumor an metastases were staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an CC3 (green). (e) Quantification of ph3 staining; p= (f) Quantification of PCNA staining; p=.6. Bars represent means ± SD. Scale bars, 5 μm.

2 D A B C Supplementary Figure. Proliferation in human PDAC tumors an metastases. (a-c) Representative images of a micrometastatic lesion (a), gross metastasis (b) an primary tumor (c) staine for Ki67 by IHC. () Quantification of Ki67 staining. The percentage of Ki67 + cells was etermine for micrometastases (n=16), gross metastases (n=11) an primary tumors (n=7); p=.389. For large lesions (gross metastases an primary tumors), five fiels were average together. Bars represent means ± SD;, p<.1.

3 % positive cells per lesion % positive a b c ECAD ECAD ZEB1 ZEB1 % positive cells per lesion ECAD ECAD e # % positive cells per lesion # ZEB1 ZEB1 % positive cells per lesion %positive cells f ECAD ECAD # ZEB1 ZEB1 Supplementary Figure 3. Skewing of epithelial to mesenchymal cell ratio within primary tumor an metastatic lesions. (a-f) Comparison of epithelial (ECAD+, +) an mesenchymal (+, ZEB1+) cell frequency within each size category. Bars represent means ± SD;, p<.5;, p<.1; #, p<.1;, p<.1.

4 a liver met b Gross liver met c %+ area Met Gross Met e f g h %+ area Met Gross Met Supplementary Figure. Epithelial an mesenchymal features of human PDAC tumors an metastases. (a-c) Representative images of human microscopic liver metastasis (n=11), gross liver metastasis (n=) an primary PDAC tumors (n=6) staine for by IHC. () Quantification of + area per X fiel for gross metastases an primary tumors or within one cell iameter for micro-metastases. (e-g) Representative images of human microscopic liver metastasis (e), gross liver metastasis (f) an primary PDAC tumors (g) staine for by IHC. (h) Quantification of + area per X fiel for gross metastases (n=18) an primary tumors (n=6) or within one cell iameter for micro-metastases (n=57). For large lesions (gross metastases an primary tumors), five fiels were average together. Bars represent means ± SD;, p<.5;, p<.1; #, p<.1;, p<.1.

5 a Contact with myofibroblasts 1 %oflesions Number of cells 9 1 b c e DAPI YFP FN DAPI YFP SPARC DAPI YFP HABP DAPI YFP COL1 Supplementary Figure 5. Myofibroblast contact with nano-metastases epens on cell size an representative images of ECM stains. (a) Contact between nano-metastases an myofibroblasts by cell number. Data are shown as mean ± SD. P values were calculate by one sample t-tests against single cell mean;, p<.5. (b-e) Representative images of primary tumor an metastases staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an (b) Collagen 1 (COL1); (c) Hyaluronic aci bining protein (HABP); () Secrete protein aciic an rich in cysteine (SPARC); an (e) Fibronectin (FN) in green. Scale bars, 5μm.

6 a liver met b Gross liver met c %FN+ area 3 1 Fibronectin Met Gross Met Supplementary Figure 6. Fibronectin eposition in human PDAC tumors an metastases. (a-c) Representative images of human microscopic liver metastasis (n=5), gross liver metastasis (n=18) an primary PDAC tumors (n=6) staine for FN by IHC. () Quantification of FN+ area per X fiel for gross metastases an primary tumors or within one cell iameter for micrometastases. For large lesions (gross metastases an primary tumors), five fiels were average together. Bars represent means ± SD;, p<.5.

7 CY liver KPCY liver a b c DAPI CD5 DAPI F/8 DAPI Gr-1 H DAPI CD3 e % positive area Leukocytes in uninvolve areas CD5 F/8 Gr-1 CD3 CY liver # KPCY liver f g h j DAPI/YFP/CD3 DAPI/YFP/Gr-1 DAPI/YFP/F/8 DAPI/YFP/CD5 % CD5+ area k l m n Leukocytes phages MDSCs %F/8+ area 8 6 %Gr-1+ area 3 1 % CD3+ area T Lymphocytes Supplementary Figure 7. Leukocytes accumulate in metastatic livers. (a-) Representative images of CD5 (a), F/8 (b), Gr-1 (c) an CD3 () staining (green) an DAPI (blue) in uninvolve areas of control (Px1-cre, Rosa Y/Y ) an metastatic (KPCY) livers. Scale bars, 5μm. (e) Quantification of leukocyte ensity in uninvolve areas of liver (CD5, p=.; F/8, p<.1; Gr-1, p<.1; CD3, p=.33). (f-j) Representative images of leukocyte ensity at metastatic lesions. Metastases an primary tumor were staine for YFP (re), DAPI (blue) an (f), CD5 (leukocytes); (g), F/8 (macrophages); (h), Gr-1 (MDSCs); an (j), CD3 (T cells) in green. Scale bars, 5μm. (k-n) Quantification of leukocyte ensity at metastatic lesions. The percent positive area for each leukocyte stain was quantifie within one cell iameter of metastatic lesions. Data are presente as mean ± SD. Data are presente as mean of the percent positive area within a X fiel ± SD. n 5 mice, 5 lesions for each stain. P values were calculate by one-way ANOVA an unpaire Stuent s t-test with Welch s correction;, p<.5;, p<.1; #, p<.1;, p<.1.

8 a Age at eath b Tumor weight 3 ays 1 grams 3 1 CTCs per ml c Circulating tumor cells DAPI YFP CC3 Supplementary Figure 8. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are ecrease after long-term chemotherapy. (a-b) Age at eath (a) an tumor weight (b) for untreate historical controls an treate animals. Lines represent mean ± SD. P value by Stuent s t-test. (c) CTCs in untreate (n=3) an treate (n=8) mice;, p <.5. Lines represent the mean. P value by Stuent s t- test. () Representative images of untreate an treate metastatic lesions staine for CC3 (green), YFP (re) an DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 5μm.

9 DAPI YFP ECAD a DAPI YFP c % ECAD- of YFP+ cells e ECAD- tumor cells Fsp1+ tumor cells % + of YFP+ cells b 1 6 / Liver met 8 Apoptosis after short-term treatment f 5 % CC3+ / Eca+ Eca- 3 1 Mets Supplementary Figure 9. Mesenchymal tumor cells are eplete after chemotherapy. (a) Representative images of untreate an treate (GEM/PTX for - weeks) primary tumors an small metastatic lesions staine for ECAD (green), YFP (re) an DAPI (blue). (b) Quantification of ECAD- tumor cells in untreate an treate primary tumors an small metastatic lesions. (c) Representative images of untreate an treate primary tumors an small metastatic lesions for (green), YFP (re) an DAPI (blue). () Quantification of + tumor cells in untreate an treate primary tumors an small metastatic lesions. n 7 mice for each conition. Bars represent means ± SD. Statistical significance was etermine by Stuent s t-test with Welch s correction. (e) Representative images of treate (1 ose GEM/PTX) primary tumor an liver metastasis staine for CC3 (green), ECAD (cyan), YFP (re) an DAPI (blue). Arrows enote YFP+/ECAD+/CC3+ cells, arrowheas enote YFP+/ECAD-/CC3+ cells. (f) Quantification of CC3 staining in ECAD+ an ECAD- tumor cells (n mice). Bars represent means ± SD. Statistical significance was etermine by Mann-Whitney test. Scale bars, 5 um., p<.5;, p<.1; #, p<.1;, p <.1.

10 Mouse ID Total PD1 1 1 PD1 1 1 PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD Supplementary Table 1. Metastatic buren (raw counts) for each animal use in Figure 1b.

11 Antiboy Concentration Company Catalog # Goat an Chicken α GFP 1:5 Abcam ab6673 Rabbit α CK19 1:1 In house N/A Rabbit α Phospho-Histone H3 1: Cell Signaling DC8 Rat α Ki67 1:1 DAKO M79 Rabbit α PCNA 1:1 Cell Signaling D3H8P Rabbit α Cleave Caspase-3 1: Cell Signaling 966 Rat α E-caherin 1:1 Invitrogen 1319 Rabbit α Clauin-7 1:1 Abcam ab787 Rabbit α Fsp1 1:5 DAKO A511 Rabbit α Zeb1 1:1 Santa Cruz sc-5388 Rabbit α αsma 1:1 Abcam ab569 Rabbit α Collagen I 1: Abcam ab371 Biotinylate bovine hyaluronic 1: Calbiochem aci bining protein Goat α SPARC 1:1 R&D Systems AF9 Rabbit α Fibronectin 1:3 Abcam ab13 Rat α CD5 1:5 BD Biosciences Rat α F/8 1:5 Ebioscience 1-81 Rat α Gr-1 1:5 Ebioscience Rat α CD3 1:5 Ebioscience 1-3 Goat α VE-caherin 1:1 R&D Systems AF1 Supplementary Table. Antiboies use for immunofluorescence an IHC.

12 Average age ± SD 61.6 ± 11.3 Average OS, mo ± SD 1.5 ± 9. Average tumor size, cm ± SD 5.6 ± 3. Sex, n (%) Male 18 (6) Female 1 () Location, n (%) Hea 18 (6) Boy 7 (3.3) Tail (13.3) Unknown, n (%) 1 (3.) Stage at iagnosis, n (%) IIB (6.7) III 7 (3.3) IV 1 (7) Surgery, n (%) (13.3) Chemotherapy, n (%) 3 (76.7) Raiation, n (%) 1 (33.3) Metastatic buren, n (%) 1 (6.7) (33.3) >1 18 (6) Differentation, n (%) Well/Moerate 1 (3.3) Moerate 1 (33.3) Moerate/Poor 1 () Poor 6 () KRAS status, n (%) Mutant 9 (96.7) WT 1 (3.3) TP53 status, n (%) Mutant 6 (86.7) WT (13.3) Supplementary Table 3. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Abbreviations: stanar eviation (SD); overall survival (OS); month (mo); number of patients (n); wiltype (WT).

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