Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Spinal Cord
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1 Bio101 Laboratory 13 Neuron/Spinal Cord Histology Brain Anatomy Ear & Eye Anatomy 1 Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Spinal Cord Objectives for today s lab Become familiar with the gross anatomy of the brain and spinal cord Become familiar with the histology of nerve tissue and dthe spinal cord Become familiar with the gross anatomy of the ear and the eye (Remember: you are responsible ONLY for the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide please see Addendum and revised Study Guide ) 2 Nervous Tissue (slide # 1525) Major characteristics Mononucleated (usually central) Many cytoplasmic extensions Usually surrounded by small, glial cells (supporting cells) Major Functions Transmission of nerve impulses Sensory reception 3 1
2 Nervous Tissue 4 Overview of the Nervous System 5 Parts of the Brain Average male brain 1,600g, average female brain 1,450g Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill,
3 Relationship of the Brain and Skull 7 Brain Superior View 8 Brain Anterior View 9 3
4 Brain Posterior View Transverse fissure 10 Brain 11 Ventricles of the Brain Ventricles make and circulate cerebrospinal fluid, CSF 12 4
5 Brain 13 The Brain (Cerebral) Arbor vitae 14 Brain Coronal Section Figure from: Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, McGraw Hill,
6 Histology of Cerebral Cortex Gray Matter (Cortex) Gyrus 2-4mm Sulcus White Matter 16 The Brain Inferior View 17 Cranial Nerves (CN or N) 18 6
7 Cranial Nerves 19 Spinal Cord 20 Spinal Cord Posterior ( funiculus = column) Anterior 21 7
8 Spinal Cord Gray matter Central canal Posterior horn (axons of sensory neurons) Lateral horn Anterior horn White matter (cell bodies of motor Anterior median fissure neurons) 22 The Ear DIAGRAM TO KNOW FOR EXAM 23 The Middle Ear (Hammer) (Anvil) (Stirrup) 24 8
9 The Inner Ear 25 The External Eye 26 The External Eye 27 9
10 The Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye DIAGRAM TO KNOW FOR EXAM Be able to identify all the extrinsic eye muscles shown; Note the position and insertion of the tendon of the superior oblique Right eye, lateral view 28 Transverse section through right eye Internal Structure of the Eye 29 Structure of the Eye 30 10
11 The Retina as Seen Though the Pupil Normal Cotton Wool spots 31 What You Need to Know for Lab Exam 3 SEE THE REVISED STUDY GUIDE FOR LAB EXAM 3 1. Muscle Histology Identify the type of muscle shown in a photomicrograph. List the characteristics for each type of muscle that enabled you to make the identification in a above. State where each type of muscle is found in the body (see Figure 6.7, a-c, in Marieb's Lab Manual for complete info and photomicrographs). Identify unique structures in the photomicrographs, e.g., striations, intercalated disks, nuclei, etc. 2. Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy - Be able to identify and name the human and/or cat skeletal muscles listed in your Laboratory Study Guide when given: a) A photograph/illustration of human muscles n Figures 15.2 and 15.3 in Marieb s Laboratory Manual b) A dissected cat or photograph of a dissected cat 32 What You Need to Know for Lab Exam 3 3. Human Brain Models and Sheep Brains Be able to identify and name the structures listed in your Lab Study Guide using the human brain models or photographs of the human brains (from designated slides in Lab 13) Be able to identify and state the number and name of four of the twelve cranial nerves: I, II, III, and V on the human brain models/photographs. (See designated slide in Lab 13.) 4. Spinal Cord Models Label parts of a spinal cord given either a silver stained micrograph, an illustration of the spinal cord, or a spinal cord model (use the two slides given here and learn those) Be able to name the horns (ventral, dorsal, lateral) of the spinal cord and the TYPES of cells found in each horn (motor vs. sensory), given either a model of the spinal cord or a microscope slide. (use the same two slides designated in lab) 5. Eye/Ear Label diagrams of the Eye and Ear from the slides designated for Lab 13 (be sure to know both the common and Latin names for middle ear bones) 33 11
12 Sheep Brain??? 34 Sheep Brain 35 Sheep Brain Photo from: web.baypath.edu/.../sheep%20brain/brains-v.jpg olfactory bulb 10. opening where the infundibulum attaches 2. olfactory tract 11. mammilary body 15. trochlear nerve 20. medulla oblongata 6. optic chiasma 13. trigeminal nerve 16. abducens nerve 21. oculomotor nerve 7. optic nerve 14. pons 18. spinal cord 8. optic tract 36 12
13 Sheep Brain Photo from: Corpus callosum 5. Pineal gland (body) 9. Fourth ventricle 13. Lateral ventricle 2. Thalamus 6. Mammillary Body 10. Brain stem 3. Hypothalamus 7. Superior colliculus 11. Arbor vitae (white matter) 4. Optic chiasm 8. Inferior colliculus 12. Cerebellar gray matter 37 Sheep Brain Sagittal Section edu/.../sheep%20brain/brains-v.jpg Photo from: web.baypath.e 1. lateral ventricle 8. arbor vitae 15. mammillary body 2. fornix 9. cerebellar cortex (grey matter) 16. hypothalamus 3. corpus callosum 10. medulla oblongata 17. thalamus 4. pineal body 11. fourth venticle 18. optic chiasma 5. superior colliculus 12. cerebral aqueduct 19. olfactory bulb 6. inferior colliculus 13. pons 7. transverse fissure 14. pituitary gland 38 13
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