Characteristics of Life and Levels of Organization Notes

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Characteristics of Life and Levels of Organization Notes 8 Characteristics of Life: Organism must have all 8 to be considered living. Read Chapter 1 p.

1 Characteristics of Life and Levels of Organization Notes 8 Characteristics of Life: Organism must have all 8 to be considered living. Read Chapter 1 p and determine the 8 characteristics of life. List the characteristics below highlighting the key words in each definition Levels of Organization: Place the following levels in order from largest to smallest: Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism Give an example for each using yourself as the organism and working your way down to cells Ex: Organism Jeremy Lin down to Cell stomach muscle cell

Cell Structure and Function Notes Discovery of the Cell: Mid 1600 s scientists began using microscopes to observe living things used microscope to observe thin slice of dead plant material Cork

cells are produced from Cell and its Environment: Organisms made of one cell organisms Ex: Organisms made of many cells organisms Ex: Each cell must be in with its environment, exchange food, waste,

2 Cell Structure and Function Notes Discovery of the Cell: Mid 1600 s scientists began using microscopes to observe living things used microscope to observe thin slice of dead plant material Cork seemed to be made of box-like chambers Hooke called Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered in pond water Cell Theory: All living things composed of Cells are the basic unit of and in living things New cells are produced from Cell and its Environment: Organisms made of one cell organisms Ex: Organisms made of many cells organisms Ex: Each cell must be in with its environment, exchange food, waste, H2O, CO2, O2 etc. Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment Cell: Organisms that do not have a distinct nucleus (PRO = BEFORE) Ex: Organisms with cells that have true nucleus and organelles (EU = TRUE) Ex:

Cell Parts and Their Functions: Specialized cell parts called little organs 1. determines what goes in and out of the cell 2. gel-like medium that holds the organelles in position 3.

3 Cell Parts and Their Functions: Specialized cell parts called little organs 1. determines what goes in and out of the cell 2. gel-like medium that holds the organelles in position 3. control center of the cell Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus Hereditary information inside the nucleus (DNA) Site where ribosomes are made-- 4. makes proteins 5. (rough ER) makes and transports proteins within the cell Called rough ER because of the found on its surface 6. (smooth ER) makes and transport lipids and other materials within the cell Called smooth ER because found on its surface 7. network of protein filaments that helps cell maintain its shape 8. processes and packages proteins and other substances produced in the ER Golgi apparatus prepares these substances either to be stored in the cell or secreted outside the cell in membrane bound 9. supplies energy to the cell (powerhouse) 10. sac-like structures for storage of materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates Plant cells usually contain a that fills most of the cell pressure from this large vacuole helps plants support themselves Found in animal cells only: 11. cleans up the cell and digests unwanted materials, contains digestive enzymes Found in plant cells only: 12. provides support and protection for cell Composed mainly of (plant starch) for our diet 13. makes glucose using the energy from the sun ( ) Specialized Parts for movement: 1. (like little hairs) 2. (like a tail)

Specialized Cells: Different cells in your body do

The (how it s built) of cells matches the (what it does).

Root cell (potato) contains to maximize water and starch

Epithelial cells have to increase ; found in the

4 Specialized Cells: Different cells in your body do different jobs. The (how it s built) of cells matches the (what it does). Plant Examples: 1. Leaf cell contains to maximize 2. Root cell (potato) contains to maximize water and starch storage Animal Examples: 1. Epithelial cells have to increase ; found in the intestines 2. Muscle cells contain to produce more energy for movement 3. Nerve cells have fibers called that allow nerve cells to with each other

5 Cell Membrane: (text p. 182) 1. cells have a cell membrane 2. Cell membranes are control what enters and leaves the cell not solid, but fluid 3. Composition Phospholipid bilayer ex: O2, CO2, H20, alcohol Proteins embedded in lipids, allows for passage of a. has a unique to identify the cell how organ donors and recipients are matched b. allows needed by the cell to pass through the cell membrane c. allows cell to communicate with outside environment d. helps keep membrane fluid and stable

VIRUSES (Latin for poison) text p.478 A. General Characteristics 1. A virus is an infectious agent made up of a. they have no nucleus, no organelles, no cytoplasm or cell membrane b.

6 VIRUSES (Latin for poison) text p.478 A. General Characteristics 1. A virus is an infectious agent made up of a. they have no nucleus, no organelles, no cytoplasm or cell membrane b. viruses have either 2. Viruses are - - organism that depends entirely upon another living organism (host) for its existence in such way that it harms that organism. B. Examples: 1. Bacteriophage 2. Flu (influenza) 3. Ebola 4. Common Cold 5. HIV 6. Herpes 7. H1N1 8. Avian Flu Viruses: Based on the characteristics of life and the general characteristics of a virus, are viruses considered dead or alive? Explain in the space below.

CHAPTER 4 - CELLS. All living things are made up of one or more cells. A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life.

CHAPTER 4 - CELLS. All living things are made up of one or more cells. A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life. CHAPTER 4 - CELLS Objectives Name the scientists who first observed living and nonliving cells. Summarize the research that led to the development of the cell theory. State the three principles of the