Far-East. Africa. Asia. South America. Somewhere new?

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96 0.005 92 /VIT/4/2005 /VIT/4/05* (TRRL) /VIT/10/05* (TRRL) /HLJC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) 83 /MG/2004 (RRIH) /VIT/6/05* (TRRL) 85 /VIT/9/05* (TRRL) /MY/1/04* (TRRL) /MY/2/04* (TRRL) 100

(NIH) /RUS/2010 (RRIH) /HKN/15/2010 73 /HKN/8/2010 /HKN/7/2010 /HKN/13/2010 /HKN/14/2010 /HKN/12/2010 /HKN/11/2010 /HKN/9/2010 /HKN/10/2010 ppendix 11 Background FMD risk assessment and

Hutchings, Nigel Ferris, Valerie Mioulet, Faizah Hamid, Miki Madi, Elizabeth Wilson.

Constant threat to free countries Major constraint to endemic countries Very high costs preparedness : control Middle and Near East Far-East frica sia South merica Talk verview Talk verview

1 /VIT/4/2005 /VIT/4/05* (TRRL) /VIT/10/05* (TRRL) /HLJC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) 83 /MG/2004 (RRIH) /VIT/6/05* (TRRL) 85 /VIT/9/05* (TRRL) /MY/1/04* (TRRL) /MY/2/04* (TRRL) 100 /MY/10/2009 /MY/11/2009 /HKN/6/2010 /HKN/18/2010 /HKN/1/ /HKN/4/2010 /HKN/19/2010 /HKN/20/2010 /TI/22/2009 /MY/5/2009 /MY/6/ /SKR/4/2010 /Ganghwa/SKR/2010 (NVRQS) 78 /JPN/2010 (NIH) /RUS/2010 (RRIH) /HKN/15/ /HKN/8/2010 /HKN/7/2010 /HKN/13/2010 /HKN/14/2010 /HKN/12/2010 /HKN/11/2010 /HKN/9/2010 /HKN/10/2010 ppendix 11 Background FMD risk assessment and threat detection Dr Jef M Hammond, Donald P. King, Nick J. Knowles, Jemma Wadsworth, Bob Statham, Yanmin Li, Phil Keel, Jo Stoner, nna Ludi, Pip Hamblin, Ginette Wilsden, Geoff H. Hutchings, Nigel Ferris, Valerie Mioulet, Faizah Hamid, Miki Madi, Elizabeth Wilson. Institute for nimal Health, sh Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UNITED KINGDM FMD most contagious disease of livestock 7 serotypes and multiple subtypes No single vaccine No single test Constant threat to free countries Major constraint to endemic countries Very high costs preparedness : control Middle and Near East Far-East frica sia South merica Talk verview Talk verview Somewhere new? Where is it? risk assessment and threat detection What is it? and What is it doing? Talk verview Where is it? Middle and Near East Far-East frica sia South merica Do we need to do something about it? Somewhere new? What can we do? pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

2 ppendix 11 Conjectured Status of FMD July 2010 Regional Virus Pools to id Global Control Endemic Intermediate, sporadic Free with vaccination Countries with multiples zones: FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free Free. Virus present in game parks Free Each pool has specific viral lineages Tailored vaccines/diagnostics may be appropriate g/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

ppendix 11 19 2001 2000 2000 History Pansia lineage 19-2001 Samples sent to Pirbright 2009

2008) Predominantly and serotype Iran 05 lineage 30% Pansia 2 44% WRLFMD Samples sent to

~600 positive ~350 sequences Predominantly and serotype Iran 05 lineage Pansia 2 WRLMD FMDV

3 ppendix History Pansia lineage Samples sent to Pirbright 2009 ~1000 samples from 36 countries ~500 positive (523 in period ) ~483 sequences (330 in 2008) Predominantly and serotype Iran 05 lineage 30% Pansia 2 44% WRLFMD Samples sent to Pirbright 2010 FMDV Eurasian Serotypes ~1000 samples upto ugust from 20 Countries ~600 positive ~350 sequences Predominantly and serotype Iran 05 lineage Pansia 2 WRLMD FMDV FMDV C (2004) FMDV FMDV sia 1 pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

4 92 /VIT/4/2005 /VIT/4/05* (TRRL) /VIT/10/05* (TRRL) /HLJC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) 83 /MG/2004 (RRIH) /VIT/6/05* (TRRL) 85 /VIT/9/05* (TRRL) /MY/1/04* (TRRL) /MY/2/04* (TRRL) 100 /MY/10/2009 /MY/11/2009 /HKN/6/2010 /HKN/18/2010 /HKN/1/ /HKN/4/2010 /HKN/19/2010 /HKN/20/2010 /TI/22/2009 /MY/5/2009 /MY/6/ /SKR/4/2010 /Ganghwa/SKR/2010 (NVRQS) 78 /JPN/2010 (NIH) /RUS/2010 (RRIH) /HKN/15/ /HKN/8/2010 /HKN/7/2010 /HKN/13/2010 /HKN/14/2010 /HKN/12/2010 /HKN/11/2010 /HKN/9/2010 /HKN/10/ km 100 mi Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com ppendix 11 FMDV ST Serotypes: FMDV ST 1 FMDV ST 2 FMDV ST 3 Summary of known FMD outbreaks; this may not represent the true disease situation Lebanon Libya Saudi rabia United rab Emirates Turkey & Kuwait Bahrain & sia1 P..T. & Iran & Israel & Iraq Sudan Yemen China Senegal sia 1 & ST 2 Chinese Taipei Egypt Pakistan &, and sia 1 Vietnam & Sri Lanka Bangladesh Nepal Myanmar Uganda ST 3 Thailand ngola Botswana Ethiopia ST2 ST2, & ST2 Laos & Swaziland ST 1 Hong Kong Kenya Zambia,, ST 1 & ST 2 Cambodia Malawi ST 1 & ST 2 South frica & ST 2 ST 1 & ST3 Malaysia FMD Free Endemic Mozambique Free with vaccination & ST 1 Countries with multiples zones: Free. Virus present in game parks Intermediate, sporadic FMD free, free with vaccination or not free WRLFMD FMD utbreaks/samples in 2009 What is it? Diagnosis pproaches: Detection of FMD virus, antigen or nucleic acid Virus Isolation ntigen Elisa LFD utomated TaqMan RT-PCR What is it? and What is it doing? Detection of FMDV-specific antibody (SP/NSP) Virus Neutralization Test Liquid Phase Blocking Elisa Solid Phase Competition Elisa 3BC Elisa- (NSP) Vaccine Matching by Serology Characterisation by Sequencing 38 isolates tested by VNT 9/38 = match for 22 vaccine 36/38 = match for new vaccine - Tur06 Field Isolate Topotype Strain 22 Iraq TUR 06 (WRL Ref No.) VNT VNT Bar 06/2008 sia Iran 05 BR Bar 02/2009 sia Iran 05 FG Irn 36/2007 sia Iran Irn 39/2007 sia Iran Irn 01/2008 sia Iran Irn 02/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Irn 06/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Irn 23/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Irn 25/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Irq 10/2009 sia Iran BR 08 Irq 17/2009 sia Iran 05 BR >0.83 Irq 21/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Sequencing VP1 Sequencing P1 Sequencing full length genome Phylogeny Tracing ntigenic profiling ntigenic cartography /VIT/4/2005 /VIT/4/05* (TRRL) /VIT/10/05* (TRRL) /HLJC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) /MG/2004 (RRIH) /VIT/6/05* (TRRL) /VIT/9/05* (TRRL) /MY/1/04* (TRRL) /MY/2/04* (TRRL) /MY/10/2009 /MY/11/2009 /HKN/6/2010 /HKN/18/2010 /HKN/1/2010 /HKN/4/2010 /HKN/19/2010 /HKN/20/2010 /TI/22/2009 /MY/5/2009 /MY/6/2009 /Ganghwa/SKR/2010 /HKN/8/2010 /HKN/14/2010 /HKN/7/2010 /HKN/15/2010 /HKN/13/2010 /JPN/2010 (NIH) /HKN/10/2010 Japan /HKN/12/2010 /HKN/9/2010 Date received: 27/04/2010 /HKN/11/2010 VP1 sequence received from the National Institute for nimal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. Irq 24/2009 sia Iran 05 BR Isr 02/2009 sia Iran 05 BR pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

ppendix 11 FMD Reports in 2010 What can we do? Japan: In early pril 2010, FMDV type was reported almost 300 outbreaks were reported.

First outbreak of FMD in Japan since 2000. Mongolia: utbreaks of FMD type reported in cattle.

related to viruses from Thailand and Malaysia from 2009. Do we need to do

5 ppendix 11 FMD Reports in 2010 What can we do? Japan: In early pril 2010, FMDV type was reported almost 300 outbreaks were reported. The virus identified as Southeast sia (SE) topotype (Mya- lineage) and found to be closely related to viruses detected in the P.R. China, Hong Kong SR, Republic of Korea, Myanmar and Thailand. First outbreak of FMD in Japan since Mongolia: utbreaks of FMD type reported in cattle. VP1 sequence submitted to the WRLFMD by RRIH showed was also of the SE topotype, (Mya- lineage); Importantly, it was most likely a different introduction to outbreaks above, as it is most closely related to viruses from Thailand and Malaysia from Do we need to do something about it? What can we do? do? Build Bonfires Form Networks IE/F FMD Reference laboratory network FMD Vaccine Bank holders network Global FMD Research lliance To make available accurate and timely global surveillance and research information Value of sharing information Developing trust and shared vision Enhanced Surveillance: IE/F Lab network WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK RRLSE: Pakchong, Thailand LVRI: Lanzhou, China FGI RRIH: Vladimir, Russia PDFMD: Mukteswar, India RRLSS: Gabarone, Botswana FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya PNFTS: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil LFDLCT: rgentina RC-VI: nderstepoort, RS PIDC: Plum Island, US CD-CERV-VR: Ukkel, Belgium pproximately ~2400 samples tested during 2009 Vaccine Recommendations (ntigen Banks) HIGH PRIRITY MEDIUM PRIRITY LW PRIRITY Manisa BFS or Campos -Iran-05* 24 Cruzeiro 22 Iraq sia 1 Shamir ST 2 Saudi rabia (or equivalent) rgentina 01 Iran 96 Iran Eritrea Iran 87 or Saudi rabia 23/86 (or equivalent) Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as /NPT/TI/86) Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent) ST 1 South frica ST 2 Zimbabwe 15 Bangkok related strain Kenya 87 rgentina related strain ST 1 Kenya ST 2 Kenya ST 3 Zimbabwe C Noville pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

ppendix 11 Vaccine Recommendations (ntigen Banks) Vaccine recommendations for free countries included in each WRLFMD quarterly report: Based on

Improve process for vaccine recommendations Increase information made generally available Provide a clearer understanding of risk More integrated

Information wareness and reporting Surveillance Strong veterinary service Strong policies Highly skilled laboratory staff Correct samples Rapid

Next Generation Diagnostics Build a new lab The New Pirbright But also New FLI New Plum Island!

Global ctivities Development of new vaccines Training Interlaboratory proficiency tests Field and Lab Bio-security Improve information flow to

6 ppendix 11 Vaccine Recommendations (ntigen Banks) Vaccine recommendations for free countries included in each WRLFMD quarterly report: Based on current information Can we? Improve process for vaccine recommendations Increase information made generally available Provide a clearer understanding of risk More integrated approach So how do we improve the situation? Information wareness and reporting Surveillance Strong veterinary service Strong policies Highly skilled laboratory staff Correct samples Rapid diagnosis Communication/Cooperation/Collaboration Networks Good vaccines plan! So how do we improve the situation? Next Generation Diagnostics Build a new lab The New Pirbright But also New FLI New Plum Island! Food and gricultural rganisation of the United Nations What Can We Do? Global ctivities Development of new vaccines Training Interlaboratory proficiency tests Field and Lab Bio-security Improve information flow to laboratories Improve information flow to decision makers Next 4 talks address some of these issues Improve Quality of Information for Pools Regions Countries Governments Industry nimal Health gencies Farmers Thank you for your attention nd Farmers of Tomorrow Institute for nimal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, sh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom. Tel: + 44 (0) Fax: + 44 (0) pen Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (ustria) 29 September 1 ctober 2010

O 38% NVD 42% A 10% Asia 1 9% SAT2 1% SAT1 <1% Institute for Animal Health

O 38% NVD 42% A 10% Asia 1 9% SAT2 1% SAT1 <1% Institute for Animal Health Serotypes Identified 2011 NVD 42% 38% Asia 1 9% A 10% Institute for Animal Health 1% SAT1 600 positive >900 Samples from 23 Countries 23 countries ~900 samples Bulgaria Turkey, A