» Calculate the ATP energy in the following molecules

Transcription

1 » Calculate the ATP energy in the following molecules A B 1

2 Anaerobic Pathways

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6 Alcohol Fermentation

7 Alcohol Fermentation Summary Cells that operate in the absence of O2 will not progress along Oxidative respiration. Instead they choose to reduce pyruvate to alcohol and CO2 waste gas The net gain is 2 ATP per sugar molecule gained during glycolysis the pyruvate molecule is reduced to alcohol NADH is oxidized to regain NAD+ -> This is ***Key since NAD+ is needed to maintain the glycolysis reaction NET REACTION Glucose + 2ADP > 2 Ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2ATP (pyruvate + NADH > Ethanol + CO2 + NAD+ )

8 As long as oxygen is available to skeletal muscle cells, they function aerobically. However, when oxygen is unavailable because of long periods of exercise or heart or lung problems that prevent oxygen from getting to the skeletal muscle cells the cells make a valiant effort to meet energy demands by functioning anaerobically.

9 What happens to pyruvate? fermentation is the anaerobic reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid or ethanol

10 Lactate Fermentation

11 Lactate Fermentation Summary Muscle Cells that operate in the low of O2 will reduce pyruvate to Lactate. The net gain is 2 ATP per sugar molecule gained during glycolysis NADH is oxidized to regain NAD+ -> This is ***Key since NAD+ is needed to maintain the glycolysis reaction NET REACTION Glucose + 2 ADP > 2 Lactate + 2 ATP (pyruvate + NADH > Lactate + NAD+ )

12 Lactate Threshold lactate production is ongoing during strenuous exercise lactate is sent to the liver (to avoid lactic acid in muscles) a threshold is reached when the build up of lactate exceeds our ability to shuttle it out of the muscle cell threshold can be increased through endurance training 12 23

13 Does tired anaerobic muscle have the same reaction time as muscle that are not working anaerobically?

14 Cellular Respiration Vs Lactic Acid Lab Methods Partner 2 1. Place your forearm on a desk so that your hand extends over the end. Use the non-dominant hand. (SEE TEACHER DEMO) 2. Open your index finger and thumb so they are 3 cm apart. 3. Have your partner hold the metre stick, with the bottom end just above the space between your thumb and finger. 4. Your partner will give you a few seconds warning before they drop the metre stick but will NOT tell you EXACTLY when they will drop it. 5. Your job is to pinch your index finger and thumb as fast as you can to catch the metre stick. NOTE how far the stick dropped before you caught it. Place this distance in the chart. 6. Repeat 9 more times to complete the chart. Determine the average of the numbers. (b) After you exercise: 7. Take the hand that you have been using to catch the ruler and squeeze the clothespin as many times as possible until you hand becomes very tired with pain. This is your hands exercise. (Give the smallest of rest time between exercise and trials) 8. Repeat steps 1-6. MAKE SURE THAT you tired out your hand between trials. (try you non dominant hand)

15 Dominant Hand Trials AVE Before exercise After exercise Non Dominant Hand Trials AVE Before exercise After exercise 15

16 Answer the following question as homework. 1. What does it mean when your muscles are working anaerobically? How do you know when your muscles are working anaerobically? 2. What happens to your speed as you continued through the trials? What biologically is happening? 3.Does lactic acid fermentation appear to affect reaction time? Speculate using your results above. 4. Many body cells are capable of lactic acid fermentation. What is an advantages of this? 5. Speculate reasons why brain cells don t undergo lactic acid fermentation. 6) Would there be any differences between dominant and nondominant hands when it comes to reaction times? Explain with evidence?

17 Other Products of Fermentation

18 Product key organism(s) Environmental Conditions ACTION or Products of Fermentation Other interesting facts 18