Functional Anatomy. Program Support Notes. In Focus. Senior Secondary. 28mins. Phys Ed. Video Education Australasia Bringing Learning to Life

Transcription

1 Video Education Australasia Bringing Learning to Life Program Support Notes Senior Secondary In Focus Functional Anatomy 28mins Teacher Notes by Paul Seery Dip.Ed. B.Ed. Produced by Video Education Australasia Commissioning Editor Christine Henderson B.Sc. Ph.D. Dip.Ed. Executive Producer Mark McAuliffe Dip.Art (Film & TV) Dip.Ed. B.Ed. Ph.D. Video Education Australasia Pty. Ltd. Suitable for: Phys Ed To order or inquire please contact VEA: Australia 111A, Mitchell Street, New Zealand PO BOX 4390, WARNING The Copyright proprietor has licensed the motion picture contained on this video cassette for non-theatrical use only and prohibits any other use copying reproduction or performance

2 Introduction By its very nature, sporting competition tests the human body to the limit. Our bodies have to perform an amazing variety of functions; like turning, twisting, thrusting, and absorbing impacts. In particular elite athletes often amaze us with astonishing feats of physical skill, dexterity and endurance. And we re only seeing the outside layer of the human body. Underneath the skin there are bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, organs and all the other elements of our internal structure. These elements somehow manage to combine their functions at the right time and in the right way to produce, for example, the contortions required for a pole vault. So how does it all happen? In this program we examine how our anatomy allows us to be physically active. To assist the students understanding the topic has been split into four body systems; the skeletal system, the muscular system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system. Using extensive graphics and sporting footage, this program provides a comprehensive overview of functional anatomy. Some Useful Websites Other Relevant Programs available from VEA The Anatomically Correct World of Anatomy Series Motivations for an Active Lifestyle All Systems Go! Energy Systems of the Body Sports Science Series Body Systems CD-ROM Body Tissues in Focus CD-ROM Please visit our website for many more relevant programs VEA - Bringing Learning to Life

3 Program Timeline 01:30 Start of Copyright, VEA Logo 02:11 Title Sequence 02:22 Introduction The Human Body in Sports 04:09 the Skeletal System 04:31 The five main functions of the Skeleton 05:58 Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton 06:47 Long bones and Short bones 07:27 Three major types of Joints 07:50 Six types of Synovial Joints 08:10 Ball and Joint sockets 08:51 Hinge joint 09:16 Summary The Skeletal System 10:42 The Muscular System 10:49 Three main functions of the Muscular System 11:04 Voluntary and Involuntary muscles 11:39 Specialised cell structure of muscles 12:22 Motor units 13:46 Fast twitch and Slow twitch fibres 14:59 Tendons 15:24 Movements 15:50 Flexion and Extension 16:15 Agonist and Antagonist 17:32 Other types of Movement 18:10 The Nervous System 18:55 Summary The Muscular System 20:49 The Respiratory System 20:56 Inspirations and Expiration 21:51 Respirations 23:34 Respiration rate 23:58 Summary The Respiratory System 25:04 The Circulatory System 25:19 Transport and Distribution network 25:36 Blood 26:16 Arteries and Veins 26:43 The Heart 27:59 Summary The Circulatory System 28;49 Conclusion 29:51 End Credits Suggested Activities Before Viewing 1. Draw a picture of the human body. Clearly identify and label anatomical features you know. 2. Draw a Mind Map of the Human Body Systems and their components.

4 Suggested Activities Whilst Viewing 1. What elements combine to produce movement? 2. The skeleton has five main functions. List these. 3. A newborn baby has 305 bones. By age 25, the average adult skeleton has 206 bones. What term explains this process? 4. The skeleton can be divided into two main parts. They are and. 5. What bones make up the axial skeleton? 6. The vertebral column is made up of individual vertebrae, which is separated by. 7. What bones make up the Appendicular system? 8. The skeleton has 3 major types of joint. They are:- - Example - Example - Example

5 9. There are 6 types of Synovial Joint. List these. 10. How many muscles are there in the human body? 11. Muscles can be classified as either or. Give an example of each A muscle consists of bundles of and these fibres are made up of smaller units called. 13. Skeletal muscles are made up of twitch fibres and twitch fibres. Fast twitch fibres contract very and are therefore useful for sports requiring sudden movements. Slow twitch fibres contract more slowly, but for a longer period and are therefore useful for sports requiring. 14. For movement to occur, a muscle must cross a between the bones. 15. Define the following terms: - Insertion - Origin - Flexion - Extension

6 - Agonist - Antagonist - Abduction - Adduction - Rotation 16. Define inspiration. 17. When we breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes and the chest cavity returns to its resting size. The air pressure inside the lungs rises, and so the air is forced out. This is called. 18. What happens to respiration rate during physical activity? 19. What is the circulatory system also known as? What is it made up of? 20. What is the main function of the circulatory system? 21. How does the role of the arteries and the veins differ?

7 22. Put simply the Heart is a M O. 23. At rest the heart beats at times per minute. What happens to this rate during exercise? 24. Can the Hearts performance be improved by training? 25. How would the body shape of a sprinter differ to that of a high jumper? Why would this be the case?

8 Suggested Activities after Viewing 1. Draw and label the bones used in the action for the following sporting examples and what is the movement occurring in each? a. A tennis serve b. Kicking a soccer ball c. Shooting a basketball from the free throw line 2. What is a motor unit? 3. Draw a muscle fibre. Clearly label the key features. 4. Explain the role of the agonist and antagonist of muscle movement. Provide an example of a muscle pair that demonstrates an agonist / antagonist relationship. Use a diagram to demonstrate your understanding. 5. Trace the pathway of a molecule of air from the atmosphere to the muscle. 6. Kate goes for a 5 km jog. Explain the changes that occur to her respiratory and circulatory systems during the beginning, middle and end phases of the jog.