7 ANIMALS Blood Vessels.notebook. January 11, Human Blood Vessels

Transcription

1 Human Blood Vessels 1

2 Arteries All arteries take blood AWAY from the heart, and most arteries carry oxygenated blood. The one exception is the PULMONARY ARTERY which carries de oxygenated blood to the lungs. Arteries have a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue to withstand the large pressure generated by contraction of the heart. 2

3 Veins Veins always move blood TOWARD the heart, and most veins carry de oxygenated blood. The exception is the PULMONARY VEIN, which return oxygenated blood from the Lungs to the heart. Veins have relatively thin walls compared to arteries because the blood is under a much lower pressure in the veins. Veins also contain valves to prevent backflow. 3

4 Veins Veins need valves to prevent the back flow of blood. 4

5 When valves in the veins aren t working properly, varicose veins may result. 5

6 Veins use the contraction of skeletal muscles to help move blood back to the heart. This help is needed because the blood is under low pressure. 6

7 7 ANIMALS Blood Vessels.notebook Capillaries Capillaries are thin vessels, only one cell thick, and can have a diameter so thin that only one RBC (Red Blood Cell) can pass through at a time. Capillaries link arteries with veins. Capillaries are where the blood exchanges materials (CO2, O2, water,...) with indiviudual cells. 7

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9 Major Human Blood Vessels Blood enters via... Organ Blood exits via... Carotid artery Head Jugular vein Subclavian artery Arm Subclavian vein Hepatic artery Liver Hepatic vein Renal artery Kidney Renal vein Mesenteric artery Digestive Hepatic Portal vein Iliac artery Leg Iliac vein (Femoral) (Femoral) 9

10 Major Arteries Major Veins (Liver) (Digestive System) (Kidney) Femoral artery Carotid artery Subclavian artery Mesenteric artery Hepatic artery Renal artery Aorta Jugular vein Hepatic vein Femoral vein Renal vein Supervior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava 10

11 Major Arteries Major Veins Carotid artery Subclavian artery Hepatic artery (Liver) Mesenteric artery Femoral artery (Digestive System) Aorta Renal artery Hepatic vein (Kidney) Renal vein Femoral vein Jugular vein Supervior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava 11

12 Arteriosclerosis is a general term for several conditions in which the walls of the arteries thicken and lose their elasticity. The most common type is called atherosclerosis in which plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tisues) builds up on the inside of the walls. Picture of an actual artery with plaque build up inside 12

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14 Atherosclerosis may lead to angina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, or heart failure. Healthy lifestyle choices such as: exercise (increases HDL, the good lipoprotein carrier of cholesterol) not smoking (smoking increases the bad cholesterol carriers (dense oxidized LDL), constricts the walls of the artery, makes blood clot and the carbon monoxide inhaled may also damage the walls of the artery) eating a diet low in unhealthy fats (trans fats, possibly seed oils ) eating a diet high in vegetables and fruit eating a diet low in sugar!...can help reduce the risk of developing this condition 14

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16 Organ and Tissue Transplants The demand for transplant organs far exceeds the supply, and many people die before a suitable organ becomes available. The following organs and tissues can be transplanted from a human donor: lungs liver kidney pancreas corneas (eye tissues) stomach heart valves bone skin heart Xenotransplants are transplants of tissues and organs from one species to another Replacement valves can be taken from animal or human sources, or made from metal, plastic or other synthetic material Artificial hearts can be used as a temporary replacement for a patient awaiting a human heart transplant 16

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