AN ANALYSIS ON REDUCING SPEECH DISORDER OF THE STAMMERING FACED BY PRINCE ALBERT IN THE KING S SPEECH MOVIE THESIS. By: ROKIB NUR IBRAHIM

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1 AN ANALYSIS ON REDUCING SPEECH DISORDER OF THE STAMMERING FACED BY PRINCE ALBERT IN THE KING S SPEECH MOVIE THESIS By: ROKIB NUR IBRAHIM ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG NOVEMBER 2012

2 AN ANALYSIS ON REDUCING SPEECH DISORDER OF THE STAMMERING FACED BY PRINCE ALBERT IN THE KING S SPEECH MOVIE THESIS By: ROKIB NUR IBRAHIM ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG NOVEMBER 2012

3 AN ANALYSIS ON REDUCING SPEECH DISORDER OF THE STAMMERING FACED BY PRINCE ALBERT IN THE KING S SPEECH MOVIE THESIS This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education By: ROKIB NUR IBRAHIM UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION ENGLISH DEPARTMENT NOVEMBER 2012 i

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6 MOTTO AND DEDICATION MOTTO ب سم هللا ال رحمن ال رح يم Indeed, Allah will never change the condition of the people until they change what is in themselves (Ar-Rad: 11) DEDICATION: I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved father Hossen and my mother Holipa My sister Kulsum Supriatin and her husband Eko Purwanto My sweet niece Alda Dewi Sasmitha My friends And my sweet dream iv

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, the writer wants to praise and thank to Allah SWT, who have given him mercy, so that the writer can finish this thesis. Besides, he also wants to give shalawat and salam for the great prophet Muhammad SAW, who has brought the light for the dark world. Gratitude he wants to give to his first advisor Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si., second advisor Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed., and his previous first advisor Nura Inayati, S.E, S.S. that he cannot finish his thesis without their guidance. The writer also wants to present his love to his mother Holipa, who has given him her love, mother, who has given him life, mother, who has given him prayer, and father Hossen, who has rendered his energy for him. Besides, he wants to thank to his sister Kulsum Supriatin, his brother in law Eko Purwanto, and his beloved niece Alda Dewi Sasmitha, who always give him support and their love. Special thanks to all of his friends in G class English Department Fanny, Decky, Lucky, Eby, Feri, Zaros, Dika, Tyas, Intan, Ima, Rena, Enggar, Surya, Siska, Ida, Nofi, Dina, Mega, and Hana, and his old friends Rohim and Andik, who always give their support, advice, knowledge, friendship, and caring for him, may Allah bless you all, amin. Malang, November 16, 2012 Writer, vi Rokib Nur Ibrahim

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER... i APPROVAL... ii LEGALIZATION... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION... iv ABSTRACT... v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS... vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of the Key Terms... 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Language and The Brain Language Brain Speech Disorder Type of Speech Disorder Common speech disorder Stammering Dysarthria Apraxia Lisps Spasmodic Dysphonia vii

9 2.3. Methods to Reduce Stammer Building up the physical organs The mental equilibrium Synchronizing and harmonizing mental and physical actions Listening to Music Singing Pausing...23 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design Data Source Research Object Research Instrument Data Collection Data Analysis CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings The method used by Prince Albert in reducing his stammer Speaking Up With Marbles In Listening to Music Loosening Jaw Body Movement Respiration Rolling on The Ground Long-word Screaming Singing Pausing The result of the therapy viii

10 Sir Blandine-Bentham s Therapy Mr. Lionel Logue s Therapies Discussion CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion Suggestion REFERENCES APPENDIXES ix

11 REFERENCES Aitchison, Jean The Articulate Mammal; An introduction to psycholinguistics. Routledge Publisher: United States of America Ary, Donald et al Introduction to Research in Education 8 th Edition. Wadsworth: United States of America Banich, Marie T. and Mack, Molly Mind, Brain, and Language; Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc: United Kingdom Bogue, Benjamin Natael Stammering Its Cause and Cure. The Floating Press, Bowers, Andrew L.. et al International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders VOL. 45, NO. 2, : Gaze aversion to stuttered speech: a pilot study investigating differential visual attention to stuttered and fluent speech. Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists: Bricker-Katz, Geraldine et al Older people who stutter: barriers to communication and perceptions of treatment needs. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders VOL. 45, NO. 1, 15 30; Campble, Don The Mozart Effect. HarperCollins e-books Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists (CASLPA) Fact Sheet. Chaer, Abdul Psikolinguistik, Kajian teoritik. Publisher Rineka Cipta: Jakarta Corina, David P. and Knapp, Heather P Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Perspectives on Sign Languages in Traxler and Gernsbacher (ed), Handbook of Psycholinguistics 2nd Edition (p ). Elsevier Inc.: United Kingdom Griffiths, John D Dorsal and Ventral Pathways Are Critical for Syntax; Functional Organization of the Neural Language System: Dorsal and Ventral Pathways Are Critical for Syntax. Canseco-Gonzalez, Enriqueta Using the Recording of Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Sentence Processing in Grodzinsky et al. (ed), Language and the Brain. Academic Press: Boston

12 Lanier, Wendy Speech Disorders (Diseases and Disorders). Gale, Cengage Learning: United States of America Lingley, Darrent Asian EFL Journal Volume 7; Issue 2: Spoken Features of Dialogue Journal Writing. Kochi University: Japan Logue, Mark and Conradi, Peter The King s Speech. Quercus Publisher: Great Britain Longe, O. et al Grammatical Categories in the Brain: The Role of Morphological Structure. Oxford University Press: United Kingdom McKinnon, David H. and McLeod, Sharynne Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, vol. 38: The Prevalence of Stuttering, Voice, and Speech-Sound Disorders in Primary School Students in Australia. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: United States of America Meunier, David, et al Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol 4; Modular and hierarchically modular organization of brain networks. Reed, Phil The Journal of Stuttering Therapy, Advocacy & Research 2 (2007) 1 13: Development of an operant treatment for content word dysfluencies in persistent stuttering children: Initial experimental data. Swansea University, University College: London Reitzes, Peter Journal of Stuttering, Advocacy & Research, 1 (2006) 64 78: Pausing: Reducing the Frequency of Stuttering. Brooklyn Public Schools Reitzes, Peter Journal of Stuttering, Advocacy & Research, 1 (2006) : Five Fun Activities to Practice Pausing with Children Who Stutter. Brooklyn Public Schools Rodd, Jennifer M. et al Neuropsychologia; The functional organisation of the fronto-temporal language system: Evidence from syntactic and semantic ambiguity. Elsevier Ltd. Schneck, Daniel J. and Berger, Dorita S The Music Effect, Music Physiology and Clinical Applications. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London and Philadelphia

13 Wan, Catherine Y Music Percept 1; 27(4): : The Therapeutic Effects of Singing in Neurological Disorders. The regents of the university of california. All rights reserved Whitaker, Harry A Concise Encyclopedia Of Brain And Language. Elsevier Ltd.: United Kingdom Williams, Dale F Stuttering Recovery :Personal and Empirical Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc: United Kingdom Yaruss, J. Scott and Quesal, Robert W Stammering Research. Vol. 1. Issues 1; Partnerships between Clinicians, Researchers, and People Who Stutter in the Evaluation of Stuttering Treatment Outcomes. the British Stammering Association: United Kingdom