Lucky 13! Hooray!! Dr. Cirullo this Thursday! Dr. Kaplan next Tuesday!!...
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1 Lucky 13! Hooray!! Dr. Cirullo this Thursday! Dr. Kaplan next Tuesday!!... Lecture 13 I. Announcements Quiz today covers CV physiology. Q? II. Endocrinology Connections from Lecture 12 III.Med Physiol News Sex Allergy? Mom s eggs execute dad s mitochondria? Science News IV.Reproductive Physiology Primer ch G&H + LS + A. Female reproductive system fig 81-1, 81-2 B. Ovarian hormones +FB: estrogen & progesterone pp C. Follicle growth & ovulation mechanism fig 81-4, 81-5 D. Plasma gonadotropin & ovarian hormone [ ] in female sexual cycle fig 81-3 E. Female sexual cycle, menstruation fig 81-3, 81-8 F. Estrogen [ ] throughout lifespan, menopause fig G. Birth control techniques L Sherwood + G&H H. Male reproductive system fig 80-1 A & B I. Sperm & development fig 80-2, 80-7, 80-3, 80-4, 80-5 J. Feedback regulation in males fig K. Plasma testosterone [ ] throughout lifespan fig 80-9
2 Fox 2008
3 LS 1991
4 GH, a Protein Hormone (191 AA) G&H 2006
5 LS2 2006
6 Progression & Development of Acromegaly LS 2012 fig 17-11
7 Growth Hormone Somatotrophic Hormone Body Builder s Dream?
8 GH/STH Effects: Insulin Resistance/Type II Diabetes? Amino acid uptake & protein synthesis Lipolysis & fatty acid mobilization Glucose uptake (skeletal muscle & adipocytes) Glucose production (liver glycogenolysis) Insulin secretion
9 Increase GH naturally with exercise & sleep!! cf: G&H 2011 fig 75-6
10 Proinsulin with C-Connecting Peptide DO Norris 1980
11 Times of Plenty!! NB: Diabetics have problems either here or here. Fox 1987 Store!
12 Diabetic & Normal Response to Glucose Load G&H 2000 cf: G&H 2011 fig 78-12
13 Glucose: Sugar in Blood Normal: Pre-Diabetes: Diabetes: 126 mg/dl
14 DC 2003
15 DC 2003
16 DC 2003
17 G&H 2011 fig 76-3
18 G&H 2011 fig 76-4
19 TRH TSH Thyrotropin Inadequate Iodine Promotes Goiter! Iodine present? T 3 + T 4 Iodine G&H 2011
20 DC 2003
21 cf: G&H 2011 fig 76-8 DC 2003
22 Near absence of thyroidhormone function + myedema G&H 2006
23 DC 2003 Scoop of ice cream on North pole!
24 Adrenal Cortex Zones Epi + NE during fight/flight G&H 2011 fig 77-1
25 Stress Hypothalamus Diurnal Rhythm CRH = ACTH-RH Metabolic Fuels Building Blocks Relieve Stress Anterior Pituitary Corticotropin = ACTH Glucose, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids SOURCE: Modified after D Chiras 2003 Adrenal Cortices Cortisol
26
27 Semen? G&H p % seminal vesicle fluid - mucoid, PGE 2, fructose, fibrinogen 30% prostatic fluid - NaHCO 3, clotting enzyme, Ca 2+, profibrinolysin 10% sperm + vas deferens fluid
28 May Day! May Day! We re doomed!!
29 Female Reproductive System G&H 2011 fig 81-1
30 1 Hypothalamus 1 0 Female Hormones _ GnRH _ 2 Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropes/Basophilic Cells FSH/Follicle Stimulating Hormone LH/Luteinizing Hormone 3 Target Organs Ovaries Ovary Follicles (~8-14) Ovary Corpus Luteum E/Estrogen (17-ß Estradiol) PRG/Progesterone
31 What Do Estrogen & Progesterone Do? Estrogen E Growth & Development of: 1. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia 2. Breasts stroma, ductile systems, adipocytes 3. Skeleton osteoblastic activity Progesterone PRG Promotes Progestation! 1. Uterus: endometrium Secretory Δ during last ½ of monthly cycle 2. Breasts: lobules & alveoli 3. Uterus: smooth muscle excitability & motility 4. Hypothalamus: body temp ~ F
32 Uterus, Ovary & Uterine/Fallopian Tube G&H 2011 fig 81-2
33 Sheath or case Sac or cavity Grain or seed Stigma Yellow body Ovary cm Ovum ~100 μ. Egg G&H 2011 fig 81-4
34 Follicle undergoing atresia Primary Oocytes Ovum Graffian Follicle with developing ovum/egg Ovary cross section H Howard 1984
35 G&H 2011 fig 81-5 Proposed Ovulation Mechanism
36 LS1 2004
37 Estrogen Production: Theca & Granulosa Cell Interaction G&H 2011 fig 81-7
38 G&H 2011 fig 81-3
39 Up to 6 mm thick! G&H 2011
40 Home-pregnancy test + "morning" sickness? Basis of birth control pills false luteal phase LS2 2008
41 G&H 2011 fig 81-11
42 , million 180 million LS1 2004; LS2 2012
43 Day 1 Day 4-5 Day 5-7 LS1 2004
44 ~ 30 mm ~ 56 days LS1 2007
45 Yikes! Abstinence works best!
46 Important Facts 6.4 Million pregnancies, ½ unwanted in US/yr 1.6 Million end in abortion Sperm survive for 48 hr to 5 d in female reproductive tract Eggs start to disintegrate hr > ovulation Ovulation varies & may be tough to predict
47 Male Reproductive System G&H 2011 fig 80-1 A
48 ectomy G&H 2011 fig 80-1 B
49 G&H 2011 fig 80-2
50 T Testosterone
51 Interstitial/ Leydig Cells Seminiferous tubules Spermatogonia Testosterone Tails of developing sperm Testis cross section H Howard 1984
52 G&H 2011
53 LS1 2007
54 LS1 2007
55 G&H 2011
56 Behaviorial effects G&H 2011 fig Feedback regulation in males
57 G&H 2011 fig 80-9
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