Unit 4: Summary. Similarities and Differences Between Living Things
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1 Unit 4: Summary Similarities and Differences Between Living Things
2 Review cell theory All living things made of cells Cells perform life functions Cells come from pre existing cells
3 What are life functions?
4 Metabolism Chemical reactions needed to live
5 How does an amoeba perform life functions
6 How do multi-celled organisms perform life functions?
7 Work together to help organisms maintain homeostasis
8 Homeostasis = Dynamic Equilibrium Define and draw in your notes
9 Homeostasis in cells requires: Transport Communication Feedback mechanisms
10 Cell transport Passive transport = diffusion
11 Diffusion Movement from high to low until it is equal on both sides
12
13 What diffused through our fake cells in the diffusion through a membrane lab
14 Water Starch indicator (iodine) glucose How do we know?
15 What didn t diffuse through the dialysis bags and why?
16 What can diffuse through cell membranes Water O 2 CO 2 alcohol
17 Diffusion of water = osmosis What happens to a cell in pure water? Water moves in cell swells What happens to a cell in salt? Water moves out cell shrinks
18 So how do cells survive in freshwater ecosystems?
19
20 Active transport Moves molecules from low to high REQUIRES ENERGY
21 Cellular communication Chemical messengers and receptor molecules are very specific because of their shape
22 Hormones = chemical messengers of the endocrine system
23 Neurotransmitters = chemical messengers of nerve cells
24 Both bind very specifically to receptor proteins in cell membranes
25 Feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis Stimulus = change in environment response
26 Example in plants Guard cells open and close stomates in leaves
27 Environment = Hot Dry Response = stomates close less transpriation
28 Environment = cool and moist Response = stomates open more transpiration
29 Body temp controlled by sweating and shivering
30 Ex: Glucose levels controlled by hormones Hi blood glucose pancreas insulin decreases blood glucose Low glucose pancreas another hormone (glucagon) release of sugar from liver
31 Feedback loops maintain blood glucose Practice Homeostasis Questions
32 Life Functions =
33 Movement helps us respond to the environment
34 Respiration Release energy from food
35 Synthesis Making cell parts
36 Circulation Transport food and wastes within organisms
37 Excretion Waste removal
38 Digestion lysis = breakdown
39 Immunity Protect against invaders
40 Coordination and regulation Communication and control
41 Reproduction DNA replicates new cells
42 Organelles life functions
43 Body systems life functions Multi-celled organisms only
44 Life function chart
45 Movement Purpose Helps living things respond to environment
46 Flagella = whiplike tail
47 Sperm use flagella
48 Cilia
49 Throat cells
50 Skeletal muscle system Bones connected by ligaments Muscles connected by tendons
51 Respiration Purpose: Release energy from food Types: Aerobic = with O 2 Anaerobic = absence of O 2
52 Mitochondria
53
54 Respiration requires gas exchange =Respiratory system
55 Synthesis Purpose Make things Examples: photosynthesis Protein synthesis
56 Chloroplasts absorb sunlight
57 Ribosomes protein synthesis
58 Circulation Purpose = Transport of materials within an organism
59 Organelles = Cytoplasm
60 2 types of transport tissues in plants Xylem = carries water and nutrients up to leaves Phloem = carries sugar down to roots
61
62 Circulation in plants
63 Human Circulatory System
64 Heart pumps blood through arteries, veins and capillaries
65 Lymphatic System
66 Lymph collects body fluids and checks for disease
67 Excretion Purpose: Removal of cellular wastes Wastes include: CO 2, H 2 O, heat, nitrogen wastes urine and sweat
68 Cell membrane Organelle Water
69 Kidneys filter blood urine Excretory system
70 Digestion Function Lysis = break down Complex sugars simple sugars Proteins amino acids Fats fatty acids Body system digestive system (lots of enzymes) Organs (mouth, stomach, intestines)
71 Lysosomes (lots of acids and enzymes)
72 Digestive system
73 Digestive system Chemical digestion (enzymes and acids) Mechanical Chewing and churning
74 Immunity Purpose Prevent disease and kill pathogens Pathogens = disease causing organisms
75 Organelle = Cell membrane
76 Body system = immune system White blood cells travel in blood and lymph
77
78 Coordination and regulation Purpose Control life functions communication
79 Organelle = Nucleus Nucleus DNA heredity DNA enzymes chemical reactions
80
81 Nervous system
82 Nervous system Organs = brain and spinal chord Cells = nerve cells
83 Endocrine system biology.clc.uc.edu
84 Endocrine system Organs = glands release chemical messengers Called hormones
85 Reproduction Purpose: Necessary for the continuation of life 2 types Asexual genetically identical offspring Sexual diversity
86 Organelle = nucleus DNA replicates and cells split
87 Reproductive system Organs Females = ovaries eggs Males = testes sperm
88 Advantage of Sexual reproduction increased diversity
89 MRS. CEDICR Movement Respiration Synthesis Circulation Excretion Digestion Immunity Coordination and regulation reproduction
90 Cells and Tissues pyzsc8mq Tissue rap types-of-tissues-rap
Unit 4: Summary. Similarities and Differences Between Living Things
Unit 4: Summary Similarities and Differences Between Living Things Review cell theory All living things made of cells Cells perform life functions Cells come from pre existing cells What are life functions?
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