Kameel Boerevereniging Inligtingsdag 14 November 2017
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1 1 Kameel Boerevereniging Inligtingsdag 14 November 2017
2 Inhoud Eerstekalfkoeie Koei produksiesiklus Aanvullings
3 H o e ve r b e te r m e n s d i e W i n s gewendheid va n Ve e b o e rd e r y?
4 Wat bepaal d i e w i n s gewendheid va n ` n Ve e b o e rd e r y? Reproduksietempo! Kalf/lam, speen en bemarkings persentasie bepaal winsgewendheid; Speenmassa en/of Bemarkingsmassa; Waarde-toevoeging
5 Skaapboerdery Verhoogde produksie van lammers deur: Meer lammers per lamtyd (fekunditeit) Hoe? Meer lamtye Hoe? Versnelde / Frekwente lamstelsels
6 Vleisbeesboerdery Speenpersentasie: Volwasse koeie - >85% Eerstekalfkoeie - <60% HIERS DIE UITDAGING Herkonsepsie van eerstekalfkoeie Jong verse raak maklik dragtig maar herbesetting binne 90 dae na kalwing is `n uitdaging.
7 Produksiejaar van `n vleisbees Kritiese stadia: Kalftyd, speentyd, herkonsepsie Somer en winterseisoene Jan Febr Mrt Apr Mei Jun Jul Aug Sept Okt Nov Des Laktasie Reënseisoen speen speen Kalftyd Paar Paar Laktasie
8 Speenkalf produksiestelsels Gewildste sisteem. Kalwers word rondom 9 maande ouderdom gespeen teen sowat 220kg LM. Risiko s hou verband met droogtes, sikliese beesvleispryse, bul vrugbaarheid tydens die teelseisoen, reproduktiewe probleme en kalf mortaliteit.
9 Produksie kriteria Doelwit 365 d IKP kalwers word op 182 d gespeen en koei rus vir 182 d voor die volgende kalfseisoen Only 10% of farmers record ICP of <399 d - RSA
10 Produksiedoelwitte Herkonsepsie behoort 90 (82) d na kalwing te geskied. Speenmassas van >220kg. Back grounding tot 380kg. Ideale eindmassa/slaggewig kg met karkasse van nie minder as 225kg (A2/A3 gradering).
11 Produksiejaar van `n teelkoei Kritieke 100 dae tydperk Laaste 30 dae van dragtigheid Eerste ongeveer 70 dae van laktasie Gebeurtenisse: Kalf word gebore Herkonsepsie Voedingsbehoefte vir hierdie 100 dae is nagenoeg gelyk aan die behoefte vir die res van die produksiejaar Addisionele behoefte vir groei by eerstekalfkoeie Sien om na Verse!
12 Waar speel Bestuur en Voeding `n rol? Voervloeibeplanning vir die 100 dae; Bestuur verse in `n aparte trop; Bestuur hul liggaamsmassa en Kondisietelling; Gemak van kalwing het dramatiese effek op herbesetting; Oor- en ondervoedingseffekte Lang ruskans vir eerstekalfkoeie; Vermy oormatige Energie-aanvulling in laaste trimester; Gebalanseerde lekke; Prikkelek vir eerstekalfkoeie; Kruipvoer aan kalwers van eerstekalfkoeie;
13 13 Vier fases vir Vleisbeeskoei -voeding 6404 Nutri Lek Produksie of 6402 Nutri Lek Koei en Kalf 1. Partus en vroeë laktasie - hoë behoeftes 2. Herkonsepsie, vroeë dragtigheid, laktasie - hoë behoeftes 6404 Nutri Lek Produksie of 6402 Nutri Lek Koei en Kalf en 6400 Nutri Lek Kruip (kalwers) 6401 Nutri Winterbreker 32 en dan 6404 Nutri Lek Produksie 4. Laat dragtigheid - verhoogde behoeftes 3. Middragtigheid - laagste behoeftes Kwaliteit somerlekke soos 6451 Nutri Profos 10 of 6601 Nutri Tub Fosfaat Energielek vir 1ste kalfkoeie op groen veld
14 Puberteit word eers tussen twee tot drie jaar ouderdom bereik duur om te voer. Kostes: Onproduktiewe dier tydens groei tot produksie; Semen kwaliteit en hoeveelheid is laer by jong diere; Duur jong bul vertraagde kudde genetiese insette. Ontwikkeling van die Bul - 1. Genetika 2. Voeding 14
15 15 Deel 2: Reproduksie bydrae van die Bul Dieet effekte op bul vrugbaarheid: Hoë konsentraat diëte aan jong bulle: Verhoogde sperm abnormaliteite Verlaagde sperm motiliteit; Vetneerlegging in die skrotale weefsel kan termoregulering nadelig beïnvloed; Hoë energie diëte verhoog die oppervlak temperatuur van die skrotum; Effekte is nie-permanent nie; Britse rasse is geneig tot genetiese oorvetheid.
16 16 Eienskappe van Bul rantsoene Growth Phase Think Bull Test Diet Protein with Energy Concentrate Low Fiber Low Physical Activity Maintenance/Working Phase High Fiber Low Concentrate High Physical Demand Requires more planning due to variation in physical demand Supplementation may be necessary in some stages Purpose: Maximize Growth and Condition Dietary transitions should be minimum of 21 days
17 Voedingsriglyne Oorvet bulle kan `n probleem wees; Gebruik Liggaamskondisietelling vir bestuur; Ken die tipe en raamgrootte van die dier volledige uitgroei vs vetneerlegging. 17
18 18 Kan bulle te maer wees? BCS BSE* Pass Rate <4 55% 5 72% 6 67% >6 62% Adapted from Barling et al., 1998 *BSE breeding soundness evaluation
19 BCS at Mating
20 Voedingsriglyne Bulle se behoefte tydens die teelseisoen is 2 3 x hoër as onderhoud; As ruvoer beperk is, moet bulle apart addisioneel voer ontvang; Hoe? 20
21 Hoe - Voedingsriglyne Doel van die voedingsprogram van bulle: Benut die mees ekonomiese bron eerste weidings/ruvoer; Voldoen aan voedingsbehoeftes na die bydrae van die weidings bereken is; Voer vir die bepaalde verlangde produksie. Get the Angle right - You have to know where you want to go before you can get there. 21
22 Voeding van Bulle Ouderdom en Kondisie / oefening; Vermeerder die ruvoer en verlaag die graankomponent van die dieet vermy oorvet; Voer jong bulle eerder vir groei en ontwikkelingspermtelling, motiliteit, libido; Volwasse bulle Verhoog graan en voer ruvoer by vir kondisie verbetering voor die paarseisoen; Fiks! 22
23 Jong bulle: Voer rantsoen met 12-14% RP teen % van LM; Ruvoer/weiding moet vrylik beskikbaar wees; Duimreël Voer `n 14 % RP dieet tot 14 maande ouderdom. 23
24 D e e l 3: Wa a rd e to e vo e g i n g? Wat s d i e o p s i e s? Bemark direk na-speen aan voerkrale Premie vir goeie diere Benut eie voerkraal OF Backgrounding : Hou die speenkalf op weiding tot >280 kg (5 maande) met kwaliteit background voer of lek soos: Somerveld Nutri Multi Mix 20 of Energie 18 ( 20% RP) Winterveld RP moet verdubbel na gelang van kwaliteit MAAR sal net voldoende wees vir Onderhoud ( 40% RP, winterlekke) Daarna volg `n d afrondingsperiode om die nodige gradering te bereik Vetmestings konsentrate soos Nutri Bees Maxi 33, Nutri Voerkraalafrond 85 of Volledige Vetmestingsrantsoene soos Nutri Volledige Beesvetmes
25 Backgrounding Opsies: Ligte speenkalwers (vroegspeen) 160kg tot 240kg Goeie weiveld beskikbaar, matige groei tot selfs 280kg LM Om kalwers nader aan kersfees markgereed te hê Is dit `n opsie vir alle areas? Lekkoste op swak kwaliteit weiveld / winterveld
26 D e e l 4 - G e b a l a n s e e rd e a a nv u l l i n g s b r i n g a l l e s b y m e ka a r! Somer, Oorgangsperiode en Winter aanvullende voeding = 3 fase lekprogram
27 Voer die rumen! Benut die weiding. Protozoa 4 million/ml RF 30-40% biomass Fungi 8% of microbial biomass Bacteria million/ml >50% biomass
28 Tipes aanvullende voeding Die hoeveelheid en tipe word bepaal deur: Seisoen Kwaliteit en hoeveelheid beskikbaar Massa, kondisie en ouderdom van die diere Stadium van dragtigheid of laktasie Dragtigheidstatus (enkel, twee of drielinge) Koste en beskikbaarheid van supplemente/lekke
29 Voedingsbestuur tydens die vroeë somer Meeste koeie (>60%) sou binne die 1 ste 30d van die kalfseisoen gekalf het. Weiding is van hoogstaande kwaliteit. Supplementasie behoort op die primêre tekorte van die seisoen te fokus, in ag genome die area en produksievereistes van die dier.
30 SOMER Voldoende hoeveelheid weiding beskikbaar Hoë groeitempos Hoë produksievlakke Beperkende voedingstowwe?
31 Sir Arnold Theiler Photo of Sir Arnold Theiler, Marguerite Henrici and Henry H. Green at Armoedsvlakte (1920 s) with their official transport, a rickety exarmy "Oldsmobile" pulled by donkeys. A laboratory was set up on the farm Armoedsvlakte ("Poverty flats") in the district Vryburg. Sir Arnold Theiler was appointed as Director of "Lamziekte" Research, with H.W.R. King as his secretary and Th. Meyer as technician as well as farm labourers to handle the cattle and to erect the fencing to camp off the various experimental batches. Marguerite Henrici from Basel, Switzerland was appointed in the early twenties as plant physiologist in charge of Armoedsvlakte, with instructions to study the movement of chemicals in the leaves of grasses and their value as food for livestock. 31
32 Primêre tekort
33 Fo sfate ( fo sfo r ) i n p ra k t y k a s o o k a n d e r m i n e ra l e Benutting van Energie in weiding as ME Verbeter die inname van die weiding Met gevolglike verbeterde rumen mikrobiese aktiwiteit En dus verteerbaarheid en inname Ontwikkeling van die ongebore kalf en ondersteun Melk produksie (1g P/liter melk) Vrugbaarheid Groei
34 Primêre spoormineraal tekorte Zn Cu Mn en Se Ook Co, Fe, I, Mo Elk het spesifieke tekort simptome (of toksisiteit) Spesifieke simptoom Reproduksie
35 35 Spoorminerale Produksie & Reproduksie Immuminiteit Zn, Mn, Se & Cu Zn, Mn, Se, Cu & Cr
36 Gebalanseerde spoormineraalaanvulling Groei en ontwikkeling is optimaal; Semen kwaliteit en produksie word verbeter by jonger bulle; Zn, Cu & Mn is essensieel vir hormoonproduksie, libido en testes ontwikkeling. 36
37 Spoormineraal tekorte Tydige identifisering is belangrik: Subklinies: Produksie, reproduksie & gesondheid Vorm `n idee van die dier se status Ontledings: gras, water, grond Kliniese simptome Subkliniese simptome = Erosie siekte 37
38 OPSIES - NUTRI Tub Fosfaat NFF 1132 Koste effektiewe Fosfor en spoormineraal aanvulling Geskik vir beeste, skape en bokke op groen weiding Goed gebalanseerde spoormineraal samestelling Beperkte soutinhoud Maklik hanteerbaar Weer bestand
39 NUTRI Tub Fosfaat V14996/N -FF 1132 Cattle 100g (dry) to 200g (lactating) per animal per day Sheep 18g to 30g (lactating) per animal per day 40 kg tub Cattle animals/tub Sheep animals/tub
40 40 O o k b e s k i k b a a r m e e r t ra d i s i o n e l e b e n a d e r i n g Nutri Lick Fos 6 12% Ca, 6% P, voer as sulks Nutri Lick Fos 12 meng 1:1 met growwe sout P6
41 ? Wat van die hoog produserende koei; Daardie koei wat elke jaar `n sterk kalf speen en tydens vroeë somer herbeset raak? Is P steeds die belangrikste tekort as Die weidings se voedingswaarde begin afneem later in die groeiseisoen Of op onbemeste aangeplante weidings? Ja, maar addisionele voedingstowwe word benodig en voerbymiddels kan die benutting van energie vanuit die weiding bevorder.
42 Gebruik Oorgangslekke Move from P only to gradual inclusion of Protein RDP, urea containing licks Contains less urea than a winter lick and allows for adaptation Supply g of protein and 6-9g of P per day Limits weight and condition loss START as soon as P-lick s intake increases
43 Oorgangslekke Winterlek in kombinasie met P; Weiding sal volwasse maar steeds groen wees; Voer bv: Ingredient Kg Composition Nutri Lick Winter CP 20% Nutri Lick Fos Ca 8% Salt 100 P 3.5% TOTAL g/day
44 Winter!
45 Winter aanvulling Meeste voedingstowwe is beperk Inname van die droë weiding is swak - onsmaaklik Teelkoeie is dragtig en voedingsbehoeftes neem toe in laaste trimester, wat saamval met tyd van die laagste weiding kwaliteit Voorsien - Energie, Proteïen, Minerale en Vitamine as volledige lekke of meng eie lekke.
46 Winter supplementation NUTRI LICK WINTER 40 (V17401) Protein/Mineral lick that can be fed as such (no further mixing); Contains 400 g/kg protein, ex NPN for economical overwintering of cattle; Contains the necessary minerals for maintenance of cattle on dry winter veld. Intake : Cattle gram per day 40 kg
47 NUTRI LICK WINTER 40 Samestelling / Composition Min, g/kg Maks, g/kg Proteïen / Protein 400,0 Ureum / Urea ,0 Totale Proteïen afkomstig van NPN 98.89% Total Protein derived from NPN Vog / Moisture ,0 Kalsium / Calcium 12,0 40,0 Fosfor / Phosphorus 10,0 -- V N-FF
48 Winter supplementation NUTRI BEEF WINTERBREKER 32 (V17401) Protein/energy/mineral/micro mineral (pending) lick requiring no further mixing; Contains good quality rumen degradable protein (320 g/kg) and sufficient rumen fermentable energy sources for optimal rumen microbial production; Suitable for the late winter period when grazing quality and quantity is limited; Cattle and Sheep maintenance lick; Also for replacement heifers and cows with calves during the late winter; Intake: Cattle: gram per day, Sheep gram per day; 40 kg
49 49 Nutri Winterbreker 32 Samestelling Min, g/kg Maks, g/kg Proteïen / Protein Ureum 85.0 Totale Proteïen van NPN 89.6% Vog / Moisture Kalsium / Calcium Fosfor / Phosphorus V 3342 N-FF 1067
50 50 W i nte r b re ke r o f B o s b reke r Bygevo e gde s p o o r m i n e ra l e R E P RO D U KSIE! Beeste Act 36 Winterbreker inname kg/d min max Registrasie mg/bees/d mg/kg per dag Fe Co Cu Mn Zn I Se Mo Vit A IU/kg
51 51 Added micro minerals - SHEEP Skape Act 36 Winterbreker inname, kg/d min max Registrasie per dag mg/skaap/dag mg/kg Fe Co Cu Mn Zn I Se Mo Vit A IU/kg
52 Nutri Winter licks Also available Nutri Lick Bees 50; Nutri Lick Concentrate 60, 67 or 80 NUTRI LICK CONCENTRATE Flexible applications for home mixing; Mix 4 parts Lick Concentrate, 1 part Urea and 5 parts coarse salt economical Winter lick with 400 g/kg Protein; Mix the above Winter lick 40 with equal parts Maize meal or Hominy chop efficient Production lick. 52
53 Nutri Winterlekke Ook beskikbaar NUTRI TUB PROTEïEN (NFF 1133), 45 kg Proteïen, Mineraal, Spoormineraal supplement; 280 g/kg Proteïen en voer ad lib; Inname: Beeste gram per dag Skape gram per dag 53
54 NUTRI TUB PROTEïEN, 45 kg 54
55 Dragtige en Lakterende diere Koeie het gekalf en benodig addisionele voedingstowwe vir laktasie waarvoor weiding onvoldoende is voor die eerste reëns; Wanneer Proteïenlek innames begin styg Produksielek
56 Produksielekke NUTRI LICK PRODUCTION Nutri Lick Production is a protein, energy, mineral lick for sheep and cattle; It contains high quality protein (250 g/kg), energy (grains) as well as minerals for ruminants on poor quality grazing; It is palatable to support high intakes Intake: Sheep: 180 to 400 g/d Cattle: 940 to 2200 g/d 40 kg 56
57 Nutri Production Lick Samestelling Min, g/kg Maks, g/kg Proteïen/Protein Ureum/Urea 35.0 Totale Proteïen vanaf NPN 54.25% Kalsium/Calcium Fosfor/Phosphorus 10.0 Energie (MJ/kg) 8.5 Skape: 180 tot 400 gram Beeste: 940 tot 2200 gram V N-FF
58 Nutri Produksielek opsies Nutri Lick Cow and Calf; Nutri Lick Concentrate mixed with salt, urea and chop/maize meal; Nutri Tub Energy 58
59 TER OPSOMMING Weiding word gekenmerk deur seisoenale voedingstekorte; Die benadering van `n Drie stadium aanvullingsprogram lewer goeie resultate. 1. P 2. P+Proteien 3. Produksielekke
60 60 DANKIE! Dr Francois van de Vyver (018)
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