INORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Ex: Water. Compounds that may be essential to life, but are not necessarily found in living things.
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2 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds that may be essential to life, but are not necessarily found in living things. Ex: Water Other example: CO2 - ¾ of earth - 90% of living tissue
3 WATER Water is a POLAR compound. That means that is has a positive and negative end, opposite of each other, much like a magnet. With two possible bonds available on the + H side and two possible bonds available on the - Oxygen side. This combination of being Polar and capable of four bonds makes water an excellent solvent and an excellent insulator / temperature regulator.
4 Compounds produced made by living things and that make up all living things. They all contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
5 CARBOHYDRATES
6 CARBOHYDRATES CONTAIN: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio.
7 CARBOHYDRATES MONOSACCHARIDES Single Simple sugars. (Glucose, Galactose, Fructose) * Energy DISACCHARIDES Two Sugars. (Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose) * Energy POLYSACCHARIDES Many, Complex Sugars * Energy (Starch, Glycogen) * Structure (Cellulose, Chitin) Dissacharides and Polysaccharides are put together by Dehydration Synthesis, and broken back into simple forms with Hydrolysis.
8 DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS: The building of complex molecules by removing water. HYDROLYSIS: The breaking down of complex molecules by adding water.
9 LIPIDS: CONSIST OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN. EXAMPLES: FATS, OILS, AND WAXES FUNCTIONS: 1.ENERGY 2.INSULATION 3.WATER PROOFING 4.CUSHIONING
10 PROTEINS: CONSISTS OF C,H,O,N
11 7 ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS. 1. STRUCTURE 2. STORAGE (OF AMINO ACIDS) 3. CATALYST (ENZYMES) 4. DEFENSE (ANTIBODIES) 5. TRANSPORT (HEMOGLOBIN) 6. SUPPORT (CYTOSKELETON) 7. MOVEMENT (CILIA, FLAGELLA, MUSCLES)
12 PROTEIN STRUCTURE Monomers = Amino Acids (22) = Peptide Bonds Primary Proteins - Single Chains of amino acids called Polypeptides Secondary Proteins - Two Polypeptides joined together. Tertiary / Quaternary Proteins (Functional)- Primary and Secondary proteins joined together and folded on themselves.
13 PROTEIN FOLDING PROBLEM When proteins fold on themselves incorrectly, they form a new type of protein. This new protein is often non-functional and takes the place of the functional protein that it is suppose to be. This can cause serious conditions within the cell and body. ALS, Alzheimers, Parkinsons Disease, and many other conditions can be contributed to proteins folding incorrectly.
14 PROBLEMS WITH THE SCIENCE In order to unwrap a protein, a scientist must break chemical bonds at the fold of the protein. This requires heat. Unfortunately, there is no way, YET, to specify which bonds are to be broken. They all break and the protein falls apart. When science solves this problem, we will be able to create, in a lab, functional proteins. Ex: Insulin, Antibodies, Enzymes, Hormones, etc. HINT: Computer technology and 3D imaging are playing a major role.
15 NUCLEIC ACIDS CONSIST OF: C, H, O, N, PH FUNCTION: CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE.
16 DNA AND RNA MONOMERS: NUCLEOTIDES -PENTOSE - PHOSPHATE - NITROGEN BASE * ADENINE * THYMINE * GUANINE * CYTOSINE
17 BASE PAIRING RULE As Franklin, Watson, and Crick discovered, the secret to life lies in the code found in DNA. This code is based on a base pairing of the Nitrogen Bases. DNA Adenine --- Thymine Cytosine --- Guanine RNA Adenine --- Urocil Cytosine --- Guanine
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