Terminology: A good place to start looking for definitions is the website below.
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1 William Fremd High School Mr. Graba History of DNA Name: Terminology: A good place to start looking for definitions is the website below. Alkaline: Angstrom: Assay: Lyse: Lysate: Supernatant: Slide 2 Questions: 1. When did Friedrich Meischer do his work? 2. What did he name the substance he found in the nucleus of the cells? What do you think it was? Slide 3 Questions: 1. When did Frederick Griffiths run his experiment? 2. What is the structural difference between the R and S forms of the pneumococcus bacteria? 3. What is the difference in function between the R and S forms of the pneumococcus bacteria? 4. What did Griffiths do to the S strain of the bacteria at the beginning of his experiment?
2 5. What happened when he mixed the heat-killed S strain with the live R strain of the bacteria and then injected it into the mice? 6. What was Griffiths able to isolate from the mice after his experiment? 7. What do you think Griffiths principle was? 8. When did Avery run his experiments? 9. What 4 parts of the cell did Avery test to try and find Griffiths principle? 10. What happened to the R strain when he added the heat-killed S strain to the test tube? 11. a. What happened with the coatless lysate and the R-strain of the bacteria? b. What happened with the coatless, protein-less lysate and the R-strain of the bacteria? c. What happened with the coatless, protein-less, RNA-less lysate and the R-strain? d. What happened with the coatless, protein-less, RNA-less, DNA-less lysate and the R-strain? Slide 4 Questions: 1. What is a bacteriophage? 2. Which part of the bacteriophage was found in the bacteria after the Hershey/Chase experiment?
3 3. What was the purpose of this experiment? Hadn t Avery already shown this with his experiment? Slide 5 Questions: 1. When did Chargaff run his experiments? 2. What is Chargaff s rule? Slide 6 Questions: 1. What kind of feelings did it sound like Chargaff had towards Watson and Crick? Slide 7 Questions: 1. What do you think the possible implication or conclusion is that can be drawn from Chargaff s discovery? Slide 8 Questions: 1. What was the problem with Pauling s model? Why was this a problem? Slide 10 Questions: 1. What should have happened at Caltech with Pauling s model that did not? Why didn t it happen? Slide 11 Questions: 1. What was Rosalind Franklin s area of expertise? 2. Who did Rosalind Franklin work with?
4 Slide 12 Questions: 1. Which form of the X-ray crystallography did Watson and Crick look at? 2. What is the height of one turn of the DNA helix? 3. What is the distance between two base pairs on the DNA helix? 4. How many base pairs are there per turn of the DNA helix? Slide 13 Questions: 1. Why did Franklin laugh at one of Watson and Crick s models? Slide 14 Questions: 1. Why weren t Franklin and Wilkins as successful a team as Watson and Crick? Slide 15 Questions: 1. Where did Franklin get her DNA samples for her X-ray crystallography work? Slide 16 Questions: 1. What date did Watson and Crick publish their findings? 2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 3. How are nucleotides linked together in a chain? 4. What shape was proposed for the DNA molecule?
5 5. List all of the scientists whose work Watson and Crick used to draw their conclusion. Slide 17 Questions: 1. Which bases does Watson pair together? 2. How many bonds form between C and G? 3. How many bonds form between A and T? Slide 18 Questions: 1. Did you have an easy time pairing the bases yourself? Slide 19 Questions: 1. Why does Watson think he and Crick won the race to determine the structure of DNA? Slide 20 Questions: 1. Why didn t Rosalind Franklin win the Nobel Prize for her work with the X-ray crystallography? Slide 21 Questions: 1. Does Arthur Kornberg sound impressed with Watson and Crick? Why or why not? Why do you think many scientists seem to be so bitter with Watson and Crick?
6 Slide 22 Questions: 1. What was the purpose of the experiments Meselsohn and Stahl ran? Slide 23 Questions: 1. What was unique about the first medium in which Meselsohn and Stahl grew their bacteria? What characteristic did this give to the bacteria? 2. What was the result of centrifuging the salt solution in the test tubes? Where was the density of the salt solutions in the tubes greatest? 3. In tube #2, why did the DNA band end up exactly between the samples in tube #1 and tube #4? 4. Why were there two bands of DNA in tube #3? 5. Which model of DNA replication was supported by these results? Who first proposed this model? Slide 24 Question: 1. What was the purpose of putting the bacteria into detergent?
Crick and Watson were able to draw a model out of the information that they had collected. The information they were certain of was that the B - form
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63 Show Me the Genes! The History of the Germ Theory of Disease Activity 37 r e a d i n g Even before he began his experiments on pea plants in the 1860s, Mendel knew that the genes had to be in the male