Cortical source analysis of infant spatial cueing International Conference on Infant Studies, 2012 John E. Richards University of South Carolina
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1 Cortical source analysis of infant spatial cueing International Conference on Infant Studies, 2012 John E. Richards University of South Carolina
2 Cortical source analysis of infant spatial cueing This presentation illustrates the use of a neurodevelopmental MRI database, cortical source analysis of event-related potentials using head models derived from individual participant structural MRIs, and the effects of cue-target predictability on covert orienting and covert attention. Infant orienting to peripheral targets may be elicited covertly with pre-target spatial cueing, resulting in enhanced P1 event-related-potentials (ERP) and decreased reaction time to a peripheral target. The enhanced P1 has been attributed to generator sources in the lateral occipital / fusiform gyrus. This talk examines the effect of predictive cueing on these sources with fully predictive peripheral cues (covert orienting ), cues predicting contralateral targets (covert attention ), and non-predictive cues. A neurodevelopmental MRI database and Finite Element Model (FEM) head models were used with cortical source analysis of the P1 ERP component occurring to the target. About half of the participants had a structural MRI, and the MRI from the participant or from an age-appropriate average MRI template was used for the head model. Two findings are evident. First, there is a clear P1 ERP facilitation to predictive targets occurring at the same location as the cue ( covert orienting ). The sources for these components were localized to the occipital-fusiform gyrus or the posterior portion of the temporal-fusiform gyrus. Second, we also examined both the positive component and a later negative component to the predictive contralateral cue. There was ambiguous facilitation of this effect, and the effects were localized to more anterior portions of the temporal fusiform gyrus.
3 National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Lisa Freund
4 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR--RT 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect
5 Current study Improvement in procedure continuous presentations Between-subjects for short and long SOA Realistic head models for cortical source analysis Spatial Cueing First studied by Posner and colleagues with RT, patients Studies of ERP, especially the P1/N1 validity effect ERP and fmri validity effect in contralateral extrastriate cortex Studies of infants: Spatial cueing uses center stimulus, peripheral cues and targets Facilitation as early as 3 months of age, may increase over age Inhibition of return not consistently found in 3 mo, more at 6 mo Effect of attention IOR at 3 months during attention Studies by Richards showing P1 validity effect Cortical source analysis located to extrastriate cortex
6 Study details Procedure: Continuous Spatial Cueing procedure 3-0 months 11-F and 12 M (23 total; 4-5Months: 7-F and 15 M (23 total) Between-subject: SOA of 450 and 1350 Within-subject: ipsilateral (valid), contralateral (invalid), non-cued (neutral), no-target Electrooculogram (EOG) for RT Electroencelphalgram (EEG) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) for brain activity Realistic head models based on infant MRIs Cortical source activity identifies location and level of activation
7
8 Continuous Spatial Cueing Movie of the spatial cueing procedure with four conditions
9 Target Cue Stimulus Onset Asynchrony Cue Onset Delay Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue) Control (No Target)
10 Electrooculogram (EOG) Measure of RT Cue Target Saccade SOA RT
11 Target Onset Saccade Onset Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Saccade toward stimulus Followed by head movement Raw EOG Saccade Saccadic Eye Movements Small Saccade Compensatory Ocular Response To Head Movement Reaction Time Localization Latency Saccade
12 Msec Facilitation Processing Cost Facilitation Processing Cost Inhibition of Return Inhibition of Return Ipsilateral Contralateral No-Cue Control Age SOA
13 Msec (Cued -NonCued Side) Facilitation Inhibition of Return Age SOA
14 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR RT Infants shift attention to cued location RT is facilitated at cued location IOR for long SOA 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect
15 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR--RT 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect
16 Michael Stevens
17 Michael Stevens
18 Michael Stevens
19 Michael Stevens
20 Michael Stevens
21 Michael Stevens
22 Neuroimaging : High-density ERP
23 Target Onset Target Onset Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Saccade toward stimulus (short SOA) Saccade toward stimulus (long SOA) Raw EOG Raw EEG Target ERP Raw EOG
24 P1 Validity Effect in ERP GSN SensorNet Layout Below eye, not used Valid Invalid Neutral Above eye EOG left Above eye EOG right
25 P1 Validity Effect in ERP GSN SensorNet Layout Below eye, not used Valid Invalid Neutral Above eye EOG left Above eye EOG right
26 P1 Validity Effect in ERP GSN SensorNet Layout Below eye, not used Valid Invalid Neutral Above eye EOG left Above eye EOG right
27 Model Preparation for distinguishing attention-getting and attention-holding
28 Model Preparation for attention and inattention 2 0 Heart Rate Change (bpm) Seconds following stimulus onset
29 Sustained Attention 2 Pre- Attention Stimulus Orienting Sustained Attention Pre-Attention Termination Attention Termination 0 Heart Rate Change (bpm) Seconds following stimulus onset
30 Inattention Inattention 2 Pre- Attention Stimulus Orienting Sustained Attention Pre-Attention Termination Attention Termination 0 Heart Rate Change (bpm) Seconds following stimulus onset
31 P1 Validity Effect in ERP and Attention Contra-occipital Contra-occipital OccipitalZ OccipitalZ
32 Target Onset Target Onset Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Saccade toward stimulus (short SOA) Saccade toward stimulus (long SOA) Raw EOG Raw EEG Target ERP Raw EOG
33 Target Onset Target Onset Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Looking at center stimulus Saccade toward stimulus (short SOA) Saccade toward stimulus (long SOA) Raw EOG Raw EEG Target ERP Raw EOG
34 P1 Validity Effect in ERP and SOA Contra-occipital Contra-occipital OccipitalZ OccipitalZ
35 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR--RT 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect ERP to short SOA shows P1 validity effect ERP to long SOA shows no P1 for valid target Facilitation =? P1 enhancement IOR =? No P1 to valid target 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect
36 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR--RT 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect
37 Types of Source Models Individual participant in experiment Library of source models from infants Average MRI template and source models
38 Types of Source Models Does is matter where source material (avg, individual, other ages) comes from? What is the effect of different heads on source modeling for infants? McCleery, J.P., & Richards, J.E. (2012). Comparing realistic head models for cortical source localization of infant event-related potentials. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN. June, 2012.
39 Individual Structural MRI and Source Model Arranged at time infant is schedule to sleep T1W and T2W for structural or anatomical Use the MRI to develop head model Test participant in experiment (ERP, MEG, NIRS)
40 Michael Stevens
41
42 3.0T Siemens Trio System at McCausland Center for Brain Imaging, University of South Carolina
43
44
45 What s Inside a Baby s Head
46 Realistic Head Models for Forward Model Boundary Element Model (BEM) Finite Element Model (FEM)
47 Library of Source Models from Infants Use the individual participant MRIs Develop the source model, library Check out from library (age, size, shape, gender)
48
49 3 Months
50 4.5 Months
51 6 Months
52 7.5 Months
53 12 Months
54 Average MRI Template and Source Models Neurodevelopmental MRI Database MRI template, Segmented Averages Stereotaxic atlas (for average, for individuals) Need to use average MRI template for individuals
55
56 Neurodevelopmental MRI Database What is structure of infant brain? How to segment brain into WM, GM, CSF,? Where is what in the infant brain? Sanchez, C.E., Richards, J.E., & Almli, C.R. (2012). Age-specific MRI brain templates for health brain development from 4 to 24 years. Developmental Neuropsychology. Sanchez, C.E., Richards, J.E., & Almli, C.R. (2011). Neurodevelopmental MRI brain templates for children from 2 weeks to 4 years of age. Developmental Psychobiology. Carmen Sanchez Robert Almli
57 Common Stereotaxic Atlas Develop a common stereotaxic space for automatic labeling across a wide range of ages Common terminology based on standards for identifying brain areas in infants Richards, J.E., Stevens, M., & Connington, A. (2012). A stereotaxic MRI brain atlas for infant participants. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN. June, 2012.
58 Age-Appropriate Average MRI Templates 3 Mo 4.5 Mo 6 Mo Yr 7.5 Mo 9 Mo 12 Mo
59 Age-Appropriate Average Segmented Head T1 head T1 brain T2 brain (GM/WM) (GM/WM/NMA) 3-0 mos 4-5 mos 6-0 mos 7-5 mos 9-0 mos
60 Common Stereotaxic Atlas 3 mos 4-5 mos mos 6 mos 7-5 mos 9 mos 12 mos mos 12-0 years years
61 Average Source Models 3.0 Mo 4.5 Mo 6.0 Mo 7.5 Mo
62 Current Density Reconstruction sloreta Method
63 P1 Validity Effect in ERP and Attention Contra-occipital Contra-occipital OccipitalZ OccipitalZ
64 Source of P1 Validity Effect and Attention Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue)
65 ROI s Derived from Stereotaxic Atlas Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
66 P1 Validity Effect with ROI s Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
67 P1 Validity Effect with ROI s P1 Validity Effect in Attention / Inattention Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue) Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
68 P1 Validity Effect with ROI s P1 Validity Effect in Attention Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue) Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
69 Sources of P1 and N1 Validity Effect Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue)
70 ROI s Derived from Stereotaxic Atlas Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
71 N1 Validity Effect with ROI s Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
72 N1 Activation in Fusiform Gyrus Valid (Ipsilateral) Invalid (Contralateral) Neutral (No Cue) Fusiform Gyrus Inferior Temporal Lateral Occipital Central Occipital
73 1 Spatial cueing and facilitation / IOR--RT 2 ERP for P1 Validity Effect 3 Cortical sources of P1 validity effect Individual, library, and average head models P1 Validity Effect based on lateral occipital cortex N1 ERP component based on fusiform gyrus
Infant Behavior and Development
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