2. What is the name of this junction, and where might it be found? (2 points) (Purves et. al., bottom of Fig. 5.1A) (2 points)

Transcription

1 Put your name here-> BL A-415 Nerve cell mechanisms in behavior BL A-615 Neural bases of behavior Midterm examination - Tuesday October 10, Prof. Stark Keep "essays" brief. Pay close attention to exact information asked. 88 points total. 1. The above figure (Purves et al., Fig. 2.3B) gives a version of the equilibrium potential which was simplified for pedagogical purposes. In what way does this treatment of "equilibrium" differ from how the equilibrium potential is derived in the Nernst equation? (2 points) 2. What is the name of this junction, and where might it be found? (2 points) (Purves et al., bottom of Fig. 5.1A) (2 points)

2 3. If this synapse were cholinergic, and if the postsynaptic receptors were nicotinic, (a) what is the ion which comes in through the presynaptic channel shown? (b) would conductance increase or decrease on the postsynaptic channels? and (c) permeability to which ions is changed at these postsynaptic channels? (4 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 5.3) 4. What does MEPP stand for? How much of what elicits this MEPP? What had to be done so that MEPPs were elicited instead of EPPs? (4 points) (Purves et al., left of Fig. 5.4 D)

3 5. What is the name of this cell which makes myelin in the CNS? What is the most famous disease of myelin in the CNS? (2 points) (Fig from web site) 6. Which of these is cleaved by both tetanus and botulism toxins and what happens to the victim with each of these toxins? (3 points) (Purves te al. Fig. 5.10)

4 7. What is the immediate precursor of this molecule? Where is that precursor in short supply causing what disorder? What is the product of this molecule from PNMT? Where does that reaction take place predominantly in your body? (5 points) (Norepinephrine is shown from Purves et al., Fig. 6.2) 8. In this experiment (Purves et al., Fig. 2.1 B), these passive responses were obtained by injecting current. If, instead, they were obtained by recording postsynaptically and stimulating presynaptic cells, what would the upward and downward going responses be called respectively. Name an amino acid transmitter which would give the upward response. Name an amino acid transmitter which would give such a downward response. (4 points)

5 9. What is the immediate precursor of these molecules? What class (type of substance) of transmitter is shown? What does this sort of processing tell us about the production of such hormones and transmitters? (3 points) (bottom of Purves et al., Fig. 6.12A) 10. Describe this receptor with respect to membrane passes and locations of N and C terminals. (3 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 7.7 B)

6 11. What is the ligand for this receptor and where is its best-known location in the human nervous system? (2 points) ("muscarinic" from Purves et al., Fig. 7.11) 12. What is wrong in this disorder and why would this be explained by the data shown? (3 points) (myasthenia gravis from Purves et al., Chapter 7, Box B, Fig. B)

7 13. What is the function of the precentral gyrus? What is well-represented in the postcentral gyrus but poorly represented in the precentral gyrus? (2 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 1.8A) 14. What is the specific function of the system shown below? What is the name of the tract in the pons and medulla? (2 points) (from hyperlinked to course web site)

8 15. What is the transmitter and receptor type used in the synapse shown in this chain near the cervical and Thoracic portions of the spinal cord? (2 points) (from Purves et al, box A, chapter 1) 16. What is achieved by the current-passing electrode in this classic experiment? (Purves et al., Chapter 3, Box A) (part of the same question) What circumstances would give this finding early in the I-t curve (bottom right of Fig. 3.2, Purves et al.) (2 points)

9 17. The highlighted location at the right of the open sodium channel is labeled "local depolarization causes neighboring Na+ channels to open and generates an action potential here." (Purves et al., Fig. 3-12). What is the name of the property that keeps the part of the axon to the left from generating an action potential? What happens to upstream Na+ channels to keep this action potential from happening? (2 points) 18. What is this molecule? What happened to the extra phosphate as ATP was converted to ADP? What drug blocks this molecule's function?(purves et al., Fig. 4.7.B.1)(3 points) 19. What are the different stripes? Relate your answer to the different situation for the face. (2 points) (Purves et al. Chap 8, Box A)

10 20 Here is a micrograph that pertains to synaptic transmission. What kind of microscopy is this and what special things had to be done to prepare the tissue? (3 points) (hyperlinked from in the course web site, also Purves et al., Fig. 5.6A) 21. What are the obvious midbrain structures here, and what are their respective functions? More caudally, what is the overall name of the white matter which is teased apart to the left? (5 points) (from course web site 21a. What does this pathway do? Where is the next synapse? (2 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 9.3)

11 22. Where are the cell bodies and synapses respectively for these afferents? What is the transmitter for the alpha neuron? What is the function of this spindle shaped structure (4 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 8.5) 23. The detail of this neuron is highlighted by the Golgi technique. Who was Golgi's contemporary most famous for his Nobel Prize winning work using this technique? What is this cell and where is it? (3 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 1.2F)

12 24. What is that molecule that the (alpha subunit of the) G-protein is shown activating? What keeps that alpha subunit from continuously activating that molecule? What enzyme does that camp activate? What does the enzyme you just named do to other molecules? (4 points) (Purves et al., from Fig. 7.13) 25. Trigeminal input is shown (Purves et al. Fig. 8.6). What number is this nerve? What function is subserved by this input? Where is the next synapse? (3 points) 26. What is the famous receptor in the bottom (left and right)? What is it epecially tuned to detect, and what properties does it have to achieve this? (3 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 8. 3) 27. The synthesis of this molecule starts with what amino acid? (5-HT from Purves et al., Fig. 6.11)

13 (part of the same question) Two further enzyme steps (N-acetyltransferase and hydroxy indole O-methyl transferase) convert 5-HT into what famous molecule in what famous brain area? Point to this structure. (4 points) (starklab.slu.edu/sheepbrain/sheepbrain10.jpg) 28. Point to and name the nerves which control the muscles which control eye movements. (3 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 1.9) 29. What becomes of the spinal cord beneath the level of the lumbar enlargement? What is the reason for the lumbar enlargement? (2 points) (Purves et al., Fig. 1.13)