11/2/2011. Basic circuit anatomy (the circuit is the same in all parts of the cerebellum)
|
|
- Whitney Adams
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 11/2/2011 Neuroscientists have been attracted to the puzzle of the Cerebellum ever since Cajal. The orderly structure, the size of the cerebellum and the regularity of the neural elements demands explanation. What is the cerebellum good for? Ramón y Cajal 1894 Brains of vertebrates color coded by brain area. Cerebellum in orange Brains of vertebrates color coded by brain area. Cerebellum in orange All vertebrates have cerebellums, except hagfishes and lampreys.? What does the cerebellum do? Basic circuit anatomy (the circuit is the same in all parts of the cerebellum) The cerebellum receives input from large areas of the cerebral cortex 1) Direct path Directs its output to the thalamus And back to more restricted areas of cortex. The cerebellum corrects errors in each movement command. Results in motor skill. Inputs come from motor, somatosensory and d parietall cortex. Output is redirected to motor cortex Also receives input from spinal cord, and sends corrections to spinal cord. deep cerebellar nucleus input (sensory) motor output 5 6 1
2 Basic circuit anatomy (the circuit is the same in all parts of the cerebellum) 1) Direct path 2) Indirect path Basic circuit anatomy (the circuit is the same in all parts of the cerebellum) 1) Direct path 2) Indirect path 3) Climbing fiber granule Purkinje granule Purkinje climbing fiber mossy mossy deep cerebellar nucleus deep cerebellar nucleus input (sensory) motor output input (sensory) motor output 7 8 We recognize cerebellums from the cellular anatomy. They have: Granule cells: receive input from mossy fibers, and send their outputs to Purkinje cells via parallel fibers Purkinje cells: the Principal Cell of the Cerebellum Climbing fibers: bring error signals from the inferior olive to ONE Purkinje cell. When a nuclear stain (Nissl) is used, the density of granule cells is apparent. Purkinje cells are lightly stained, dendrites unstained. The molecular layer looks mostly clear. 2
3 11/2/2011 Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) Direct pathway from vestibular system to eye muscle Indirect pathway via cerebellum inferior olive Signal from retinal slip Marr, D. (1969). A theory of cerebellar cortex. J. Physiol. 202, Albus, James A. (1971). A theory of cerebellar function. Math. Biosci. 10, Influential theories of cerebellar function have posited that highly selective or sparse coding in Granule Cells allows Purkinje cells to acquire selective responses through associative synaptic plasticity Similarly for cerebellum-like circuits, such as the electrosensory lobe (ELL) of mormyrid fish, Granule Cells that selectively encode specific combinations of sensory and/or motor signals could allow Purkinje-like cells to generate more specific negative images. Nothing is yet known about how such signals are recoded in GCs or about the significance of GC input representations for the generation of negative images. quotes from Sawtell (2010) Neuron. 3
4 11/2/2011 Learned changes in the VOR in monkeys outfitted with magnifying lenses. Ito s hypothesis Visual input from superior colliculus to inferior olive: information about retinal slip Climbing fiber input to Purkinje cell error signal. Vestibular input from mossy fiber to granule cell to the parallel fiber in flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum. When co-active with error, synaptic weight of parallel fiber synapse is weakened by long term depression. Inhibition decreases and this strengthens the drive from the vestibular system increasing the gain. Cerebellum Function: DIRECT PATHWAY: the vestibular system to the eye muscles (VOR) INDIRECT PATHWAY: vestibular collateral (mossy fiber) Æ granule cell Æparallel fiber Æ Purkinje cell (inhibits VN). ERROR SIGNAL: error in the VOR, information about image slip on the retina comes from the climbing fiber which originates in the inferior olive. (strong depolarization) Climbing fiber causes dendritic spike in the Purkinje cell Æs causes synaptic weights from parallel fibers to depress, weakening the inhibitory input on the vestibular neurons, thereby adjusting the gain of the eye reflex. The Basic Architecture 1. What is a Cerebellum-like structure? Most vertebrates possess both a cerebellum and other brain structures with cerebellum-like architectures. 1) A MOLECULAR LAYER with many parallel fibers dendrites of Purkinje-like cells. 2) A LARGE NUMBER OF GRANULE CELLS: which carry information from many central structures about the state of the animal: sensory information from a large number of senses, corollary discharges from motor centers (predictive of sensory input to the principle cells). Bell, C. C., Han, V. and Sawtell, N. B. (2008). Cerebellum-like structures and their implications for cerebellar function. Annu Rev Neurosci 31, The cerebellar-like structure is defined by the molecular layer, the principal cell, and the numerous inputs from granule cells via parallel fibers. structure. molec deep 3) PRINCIPAL CELLS with SPINES. Parallel fibers terminate on spines of principal cells; or on the smooth dendrites of inhibitory stellate cells. Cerebellum-like structures sometimes serve as adaptive sensory filters that predict sensory inputs into the deep layers using the associated parallel fiber inputs in the molecular layer. 4
5 Cunningham's Textbook of anatomy, by Daniel John Cunningham, published in 1913 by William Wood Dendritic spines The Basic Architecture of Mormyrid ELL 1. Bell, C. C., Han, V. and Sawtell, N. B. (2008). Cerebellum-like structures and their implications for cerebellar function. Annu Rev N i How does the synaptic strength change with coincident inputs? 30 5
6 Anti-hebbian. If the broad spike occurs after the EPSP, the synaptic weight is decreased. If the broad spike occurs before the EPSP, it strengthens. This sculpts a negative image of the expected input. acausal causal amplitude change in epsp a broad spike before epsp broad spike after epsp ms 500 ms - T (post-pre) Percentage change in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude plotted against the delay between EPSP onset and the broad spike peak during pairing. A negative delay with regard to the previous spike and a positive delay with regard to the following spike were present for each pairing. The shorter of these two delays is plotted. Filled circles, significant changes; open circles, non-significant changes (at P<0.01). animation rule delay time from epsp to broad spike 32 Gnathonemus petersii occurs when pre and post synaptic cells fire together Natalia Caporale and Yang Dan (2008) Ann. Rev. Neurosci Other cerebellar like structures show anti-hebbian plasticity according to slightly different learning rules. Tim Requarth and Nathaniel B Sawtell (2011) Curr. Opin. Neurobio
7 Formation of a negative image in the ELL is just one more mechanism for removing expected inputs from sensory event. Adaptation of receptors or neurons to maintained stimuli removes responses to constant stimulus. Lateral inhibition: remove expected mean levels over space. Both of these methods use simple, non-plastic cellular processes (self inhibition, intra-cellular inhibition). 37 7
10/31/2011. Principal Cell Plasticity. Bastian: Sensory Consequence of Movement of Tail
In the previous lecture we learned how Mormyrid electric fish produce an electromotor command and then receive an electrosensory response after a delay. The motor output and the sensory response are time-locked
More informationMotor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo
Motor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo Population coding in the motor cortex Overview and structure of cerebellum Microcircuitry of cerebellum Function of cerebellum -- vestibulo-ocular
More informationThe Cerebellum. Outline. Lu Chen, Ph.D. MCB, UC Berkeley. Overview Structure Micro-circuitry of the cerebellum The cerebellum and motor learning
The Cerebellum Lu Chen, Ph.D. MCB, UC Berkeley 1 Outline Overview Structure Micro-circuitry of the cerebellum The cerebellum and motor learning 2 Overview Little brain 10% of the total volume of the brain,
More informationActive Control of Spike-Timing Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in an Electrosensory System
Active Control of Spike-Timing Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in an Electrosensory System Patrick D. Roberts and Curtis C. Bell Neurological Sciences Institute, OHSU 505 N.W. 185 th Avenue, Beaverton, OR
More informationTiming and the cerebellum (and the VOR) Neurophysiology of systems 2010
Timing and the cerebellum (and the VOR) Neurophysiology of systems 2010 Asymmetry in learning in the reverse direction Full recovery from UP using DOWN: initial return to naïve values within 10 minutes,
More informationCerebellum: little brain. Cerebellum. gross divisions
Cerebellum The anatomy of the cerebellum and its gross divisions Its principal input and output pathways The organization of the cerebellar cortex Role of climbing vs. mossy fibre input The parallel-fibre/
More informationCASE 48. What part of the cerebellum is responsible for planning and initiation of movement?
CASE 48 A 34-year-old woman with a long-standing history of seizure disorder presents to her neurologist with difficulty walking and coordination. She has been on phenytoin for several days after having
More informationCerebellum: little brain. Cerebellum. gross divisions
Cerebellum The anatomy of the cerebellum and its gross divisions Its principal input and output pathways The organization of the cerebellar cortex Role of climbing vs. mossy fibre input The parallel-fibre/
More informationMedial View of Cerebellum
Meds 5371 System Neuroscience D. L. Oliver CEREBELLUM Anterior lobe (spinal) Posterior lobe (cerebral) Flocculonodular lobe (vestibular) Medial View of Cerebellum 1 Ventral View of Cerebellum Flocculus
More informationStrick Lecture 3 March 22, 2017 Page 1
Strick Lecture 3 March 22, 2017 Page 1 Cerebellum OUTLINE I. External structure- Inputs and Outputs Cerebellum - (summary diagram) 2 components (cortex and deep nuclei)- (diagram) 3 Sagittal zones (vermal,
More informationCerebellum. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cerebellum Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Anatomy of the Cerebellum The cerebellum has approximately half of all the neurons in the central nervous system. The cerebellum
More informationThe Cerebellum. Outline. Overview Structure (external & internal) Micro-circuitry of the cerebellum Cerebellum and motor learning
The Cerebellum P.T Ji Jun Cheol Rehabilitation Center 1 HansarangAsan Hospital. Outline Overview Structure (external & internal) Micro-circuitry of the cerebellum Cerebellum and motor learning 2 1 Cerebellum
More informationCerebellum: Origins and Development
Cerebellum: Origins and Development Found in all vertebrates Dorsal lip of developing medulla (rhombencephalon) Near terminations of vestibular (VIII) and lateral line afferents, which sense fluid displacement
More information1/2/2019. Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum a quick overview. Outcomes you want to accomplish. MHD-Neuroanatomy Neuroscience Block. Basal ganglia review
This power point is made available as an educational resource or study aid for your use only. This presentation may not be duplicated for others and should not be redistributed or posted anywhere on the
More informationCerebellum 1/20/2016. Outcomes you need to be able to demonstrate. MHD Neuroanatomy Module
This power point is made available as an educational resource or study aid for your use only. This presentation may not be duplicated for others and should not be redistributed or posted anywhere on the
More informationComputational cognitive neuroscience: 8. Motor Control and Reinforcement Learning
1 Computational cognitive neuroscience: 8. Motor Control and Reinforcement Learning Lubica Beňušková Centre for Cognitive Science, FMFI Comenius University in Bratislava 2 Sensory-motor loop The essence
More informationLocated below tentorium cerebelli within posterior cranial fossa. Formed of 2 hemispheres connected by the vermis in midline.
The Cerebellum Cerebellum Located below tentorium cerebelli within posterior cranial fossa. Formed of 2 hemispheres connected by the vermis in midline. Gray matter is external. White matter is internal,
More informationThe Cerebellum. The Little Brain. Neuroscience Lecture. PhD Candidate Dr. Laura Georgescu
The Cerebellum The Little Brain Neuroscience Lecture PhD Candidate Dr. Laura Georgescu Learning Objectives 1. Describe functional anatomy of the cerebellum - its lobes, their input and output connections
More informationPlasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development
Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Jessica R. Newton and Mriganka Sur Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning & Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,
More informationCentral Synaptic Transmission
Central Synaptic Transmission The main excitatory transmitter in the brain is the amino acid glutamate. The main inhibitory transmitters in the brain are the amino acids glycine (in the spinal cord) and
More informationBrain anatomy and artificial intelligence. L. Andrew Coward Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
Brain anatomy and artificial intelligence L. Andrew Coward Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia The Fourth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence August 2011 Architectures
More informationDorsal Cochlear Nucleus. Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS
Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS May 30, 2016 Overview Structure Response properties Hypothesized roles in hearing Review of VCN-DCN circuits and projections Structure
More informationPhotoreceptors Rods. Cones
Photoreceptors Rods Cones 120 000 000 Dim light Prefer wavelength of 505 nm Monochromatic Mainly in periphery of the eye 6 000 000 More light Different spectral sensitivities!long-wave receptors (558 nm)
More informationThe Cerebellum. Little Brain. Neuroscience Lecture. Dr. Laura Georgescu
The Cerebellum Little Brain Neuroscience Lecture Dr. Laura Georgescu Learning Objectives 1. Describe functional anatomy of the cerebellum- its lobes, their input and output connections and their functions.
More informationPhysiology and Plasticity of Morphologically Identified Cells in the Mormyrid Electrosensory Lobe
The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1997, 17(16):6409 6423 Physiology and Plasticity of Morphologically Identified Cells in the Mormyrid Electrosensory Lobe Curtis C. Bell, 1 Angel Caputi, 2 and Kirsty
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) The hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) Hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
More informationMaking Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders
Making Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders How Your Brain Works Prof. Jan Schnupp wschnupp@cityu.edu.hk HowYourBrainWorks.net On the Menu in This Lecture In the previous lecture we saw how motor cortex and
More informationOverview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Overview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Coffee Hour Tuesday (Sept 11) 10:00-11:00am Friday (Sept 14) 8:30-9:30am Surdyk s
More informationNeocortex. Cortical Structures in the Brain. Neocortex Facts. Laminar Organization. Bark-like (cortical) structures: Shepherd (2004) Chapter 12
Neocortex Shepherd (2004) Chapter 12 Rodney Douglas, Henry Markram, and Kevan Martin Instructor: Yoonsuck Choe; CPSC 644 Cortical Networks Cortical Structures in the Brain Bark-like (cortical) structures:
More informationNeurobiology. Cells of the nervous system
Neurobiology Cells of the nervous system Anthony Heape 2010 1 The nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 2 Enteric nervous system (digestive tract, gall bladder and
More informationCerebellum John T. Povlishock, Ph.D.
Cerebellum John T. Povlishock, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES 1. To identify the major sources of afferent inputs to the cerebellum 2. To define the pre-cerebellar nuclei from which the mossy and climbing fiber systems
More informationLesson 14. The Nervous System. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 14 The Nervous System Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Structures and Functions of Nerve Cells The nervous system has two principal cell types: Neurons (nerve cells) Glia The functions
More informationFunctions. Traditional view: Motor system. Co-ordination of movements Motor learning Eye movements. Modern view: Cognition
The Cerebellum Involved in motor coordination and timing Is simple and well documented Only has one type of output cell (Purkinje) The cerebellum influences motor activity through inhibition The Cerebellum
More informationSerotonergic Control of the Developing Cerebellum M. Oostland
Serotonergic Control of the Developing Cerebellum M. Oostland Summary Brain development is a precise and crucial process, dependent on many factors. The neurotransmitter serotonin is one of the factors
More informationLong-term depression and recognition of parallel "bre patterns in a multi-compartmental model of a cerebellar Purkinje cell
Neurocomputing 38}40 (2001) 383}388 Long-term depression and recognition of parallel "bre patterns in a multi-compartmental model of a cerebellar Purkinje cell Volker Steuber*, Erik De Schutter Laboratory
More informationModels of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum for Sensorimotor Integration and Predictive Control
Models of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum for Sensorimotor Integration and Predictive Control Jerry Huang*, Marwan A. Jabri $ *, Olivier J.- M. D. Coenen #, and Terrence J. Sejnowski + * Computer Engineering
More informationThe cerebellar microcircuit as an adaptive filter: experimental and computational evidence
The cerebellar microcircuit as an adaptive filter: experimental and computational evidence Paul Dean*, John Porrill*, Carl Fredrik Ekerot and Henrik Jörntell Abstract Initial investigations of the cerebellar
More informationMemory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP. Reading: BCP Chapter 25
Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP Reading: BCP Chapter 25 Memory Systems Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. Memory is the retention of learned information. Many different
More informationCOGS 107B Week 1. Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm
COGS 107B Week 1 Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm Before We Begin... Hyun Ji 4th year Cognitive Behavioral Neuroscience Email: hji@ucsd.edu In subject, always add [COGS107B] Office hours: Wednesdays, 3-4pm in
More informationCOGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Sensory Physiology and the Thalamus. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Sensory Physiology and the Thalamus Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Sensory Physiology Energies (light, sound, sensation, smell, taste) Pre neural apparatus (collects, filters, amplifies)
More informationBrain, Anatomical Structures & their Functions. Lesson 1 (REACH Psychology, week 3)
Brain, Anatomical Structures & their Functions Lesson 1 (REACH Psychology, week 3) Overview of the week The brain s anatomy and basic physiological processes Functions of different brain structures Lesions
More informationCEREBELLUM-DEPENDENT LEARNING: The Role of Multiple Plasticity Mechanisms
Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004. 27:581 609 doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144238 Copyright c 2004 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved CEREBELLUM-DEPENDENT LEARNING: The Role of Multiple Plasticity
More informationCISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience
CISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience Levels of organization Central Nervous System 1m 10 11 neurons Neural systems and neuroanatomy Systems 10cm Networks 1mm Neurons 100μm 10 8 neurons Professor Daniel Leeds
More informationSYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE MORMYRID ELECTROSENSORY LOBE
The Journal of Experimental Biology 22, 1339 1347 (1999) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 JEB271 1339 SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE MORMYRID ELECTROSENSORY LOBE CURTIS C. BELL
More informationStability of complex spike timing-dependent plasticity in cerebellar learning
DOI 10.1007/s10827-006-0012-8 Stability of complex spike timing-dependent plasticity in cerebellar learning Patrick D. Roberts Received: 4 April 2006 / Revised: 4 April 2006 / Accepted: 6 November 2006
More informationDorsal Cochlear Nucleus September 14, 2005
HST.722 Brain Mechanisms of Speech and Hearing Fall 2005 Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus September 14, 2005 Ken Hancock Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (DCN) Overview of the cochlear nucleus and its subdivisions Anatomy
More informationCOGS 107B. Week 7 Section IA: Ryan Szeto OH: Wednesday CSB Kitchen
COGS 107B Week 7 Section IA: Ryan Szeto OH: Wednesday 1PM @ CSB Kitchen MT2: Tomorrow Question 1 NE: Locus coeruleus HA: Posterior hypothalamus ACh: Two pockets- located in pons and basal forebrain DA:
More informationThe Nervous System. B. The Components: 1) Nerve Cells Neurons are the cells of the body and are specialized to carry messages through an process.
The Nervous System A. The Divisions: 1) The Central Nervous System includes the and. The brain contains billions of nerve cells called, and trillions of support cells called. 2) The Peripheral Nervous
More informationNeuroscience with Pharmacology 2 Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes. Prof Richard Ribchester
Neuroscience with Pharmacology 2 Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Prof Richard Ribchester René Descartes Cogito, ergo sum The 21st century still holds many challenges to Neuroscience and Pharmacology
More informationσυν together απτειν to clasp 2h Neuroscience with Pharmacology Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Cogito, ergo sum ( I think therefore I am ) Down
2h Neuroscience with Pharmacology Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Neuroscience is studied at many different levels: from brain, to system, network, neurone, synapse, and molecule... Top Up Down René
More informationOPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I
OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I Monocular Sensory Processes of Vision: Color Vision Mechanisms of Color Processing . Neural Mechanisms of Color Processing A. Parallel processing - M- & P- pathways B. Second
More informationNeuromorphic computing
Neuromorphic computing Robotics M.Sc. programme in Computer Science lorenzo.vannucci@santannapisa.it April 19th, 2018 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of neuroscience 3. Simulating the brain 4.
More informationCellular Bioelectricity
ELEC ENG 3BB3: Cellular Bioelectricity Notes for Lecture 24 Thursday, March 6, 2014 8. NEURAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY We will look at: Structure of the nervous system Sensory transducers and neurons Neural coding
More informationEmbryological origin of thalamus
diencephalon Embryological origin of thalamus The diencephalon gives rise to the: Thalamus Epithalamus (pineal gland, habenula, paraventricular n.) Hypothalamus Subthalamus (Subthalamic nuclei) The Thalamus:
More informationBursting dynamics in the brain. Jaeseung Jeong, Department of Biosystems, KAIST
Bursting dynamics in the brain Jaeseung Jeong, Department of Biosystems, KAIST Tonic and phasic activity A neuron is said to exhibit a tonic activity when it fires a series of single action potentials
More informationChapter 11: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Chapter 11: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue I. Functions and divisions of the nervous system A. Sensory input: monitor changes in internal and external environment B. Integrations: make decisions about
More informationThe Physiology of the Senses Lecture 10 - Balance
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 10 - Balance www.tutis.ca/senses/ Contents Objectives... 1 The sense of balance originates from the labyrinth... 2 The auditory and vestibular systems have a common
More informationOverview. Unit 2: What are the building blocks of our brains?
Unit 2: What are the building blocks of our brains? Overview In the last unit we discovered that complex brain functions occur as individual structures in the brain work together like an orchestra. We
More informationFeedback Education and Neuroscience. Pankaj Sah
Feedback Education and Neuroscience Pankaj Sah Science of Learning Learning The process of acquiring a skill or knowledge that leads to a change in behaviour Memory The ability to retain and recover information
More informationTHE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE
THE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BEHAVIOR: THE NEURON & NEURAL COMMUNICATION NERVOUS SYSTEM Combined activity of the brain, spinal cord & other nerve fibers Acts as an information processing
More informationBasal nuclei, cerebellum and movement
Basal nuclei, cerebellum and movement MSTN121 - Neurophysiology Session 9 Department of Myotherapy Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Role: Predict the effects of various actions, then make
More informationThe Visual System. Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004
The Visual System Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Required Reading Adler s Physiology of the Eye Chapters
More informationWelcome to CSE/NEUBEH 528: Computational Neuroscience
Welcome to CSE/NEUBEH 528: Computational Neuroscience Instructors: Rajesh Rao (rao@cs.uw) Adrienne Fairhall (fairhall@uw) TA: Rich Pang (rpang@uw) 1 Today s Agenda F Course Info and Logistics F Motivation
More informationName: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind
Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind The Nervous System (pp. 55-58) 1. What are nerves? 2. Complete the diagram below with definitions of each part of the nervous system. Nervous System
More informationSenses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What?
1 Vision 2 TRANSDUCTION Senses are transducers Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? Action potentials! Sensory codes Frequency code encodes information about intensity
More informationPhysiology of synapses and receptors
Physiology of synapses and receptors Dr Syed Shahid Habib Professor & Consultant Clinical Neurophysiology Dept. of Physiology College of Medicine & KKUH King Saud University REMEMBER These handouts will
More informationLecture 22: A little Neurobiology
BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology http://compbio.uchsc.edu/hunter/bio5099 Larry.Hunter@uchsc.edu Nervous system development Part of the ectoderm
More informationFunction of the Nervous System
Nervous System Function of the Nervous System Receive sensory information, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands to form a response Composed of neurons (functional unit of the nervous system)
More informationCSE 599E Lecture 2: Basic Neuroscience
CSE 599E Lecture 2: Basic Neuroscience 1 Today s Roadmap The neuron doctrine (or dogma) Neuronal signaling The electrochemical dance of ions Action Potentials (= spikes) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity
More informationThe storage and recall of memories in the hippocampo-cortical system. Supplementary material. Edmund T Rolls
The storage and recall of memories in the hippocampo-cortical system Supplementary material Edmund T Rolls Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, England and University of Warwick, Department
More informationAll questions below pertain to mandatory material: all slides, and mandatory homework (if any).
ECOL 182 Spring 2008 Dr. Ferriere s lectures Lecture 6: Nervous system and brain Quiz Book reference: LIFE-The Science of Biology, 8 th Edition. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire8e/ All questions below
More informationWelcome to CSE/NEUBEH 528: Computational Neuroscience
Welcome to CSE/NEUBEH 528: Computational Neuroscience Instructors: Rajesh Rao (rao@cs) Adrienne Fairhall (fairhall@u) TA: Yanping Huang (huangyp@u) 1 Today s Agenda Introduction: Who are we? Course Info
More informationPlastic Corollary Discharge Predicts Sensory Consequences of Movements in a Cerebellum-Like Circuit
rticle Plastic Corollary Discharge Predicts Sensory Consequences of Movements in a Cerebellum-Like Circuit Tim Requarth 1 and Nathaniel. Sawtell 1, * 1 Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for
More informationCortical Organization. Functionally, cortex is classically divided into 3 general types: 1. Primary cortex:. - receptive field:.
Cortical Organization Functionally, cortex is classically divided into 3 general types: 1. Primary cortex:. - receptive field:. 2. Secondary cortex: located immediately adjacent to primary cortical areas,
More informationYou submitted this quiz on Sun 19 May :32 PM IST (UTC +0530). You got a score of out of
Feedback Ex6 You submitted this quiz on Sun 19 May 2013 9:32 PM IST (UTC +0530). You got a score of 10.00 out of 10.00. Question 1 What is common to Parkinson, Alzheimer and Autism? Electrical (deep brain)
More informationLecture: Introduction to nervous system development
Lecture: Introduction to nervous system development Prof. Ilan Davis, Department of Biochemistry. Wellcome Senior Research Fellow Senior Research Fellow, Jesus College ilan.davis@bioch.ox.ac.uk http://www.ilandavis.com
More informationBasics of Computational Neuroscience
Basics of Computational Neuroscience 1 1) Introduction Lecture: Computational Neuroscience, The Basics A reminder: Contents 1) Brain, Maps,, Networks,, and The tough stuff: 2,3) Membrane Models 3,4) Spiking
More informationMotor System Hierarchy
Motor Pathways Lectures Objectives Define the terms upper and lower motor neurons with examples. Describe the corticospinal (pyramidal) tract and the direct motor pathways from the cortex to the trunk
More informationI: To describe the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. II: To discuss the functions of the descending tracts.
Descending Tracts I: To describe the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. II: To discuss the functions of the descending tracts. III: To define the upper and the lower motor neurons. 1. The corticonuclear
More informationChapter 17. Nervous System Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands. !
Chapter 17 Sensory receptor Sensory input Integration Nervous System Motor output Brain and spinal cord Effector cells Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) 28.1 Nervous systems
More informationThalamo-Cortical Relationships Ultrastructure of Thalamic Synaptic Glomerulus
Central Visual Pathways V1/2 NEUR 3001 dvanced Visual Neuroscience The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus () is more than a relay station LP SC Professor Tom Salt UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Retina t.salt@ucl.ac.uk
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 17 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Overview of the Nervous System (p. 537) 1. The nervous system and the endocrine system are the body s major control and integrating centers.
More information1. The cerebellum coordinates fine movement through interactions with the following motor-associated areas:
DENT/OBHS 131 2009 Take-home test 4 Week 6: Take-home test (2/11/09 close 2/18/09) 1. The cerebellum coordinates fine movement through interactions with the following motor-associated areas: Hypothalamus
More informationNeural Learning Rules for the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 1998, 18(21):9112 9129 Neural Learning Rules for the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Jennifer L. Raymond and Stephen G. Lisberger Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Basic properties of compound EPSPs at
Supplementary Figure 1. Basic properties of compound EPSPs at hippocampal CA3 CA3 cell synapses. (a) EPSPs were evoked by extracellular stimulation of the recurrent collaterals and pharmacologically isolated
More informationProf. Greg Francis 7/31/15
s PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 06 How do you recognize your grandmother? Action potential With enough excitatory input, a cell produces an action potential that sends a signal down its axon to other cells
More informationThe Motor Systems. What s the motor system? Plan
The Motor Systems What s the motor system? Parts of CNS and PNS specialized for control of limb, trunk, and eye movements Also holds us together From simple reflexes (knee jerk) to voluntary movements
More informationLESSON 3.3 WORKBOOK. Why does applying pressure relieve pain?
Postsynaptic potentials small changes in voltage (membrane potential) due to the binding of neurotransmitter. Receptor-gated ion channels ion channels that open or close in response to the binding of a
More informationCASE 49. What type of memory is available for conscious retrieval? Which part of the brain stores semantic (factual) memories?
CASE 49 A 43-year-old woman is brought to her primary care physician by her family because of concerns about her forgetfulness. The patient has a history of Down syndrome but no other medical problems.
More informationThe Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
15 The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction Millions of sensory
More informationChapter 17 Nervous System
Chapter 17 Nervous System 1 The Nervous System Two Anatomical Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Two Types of Cells Neurons Transmit nerve impulses
More informationIntroduction to Neurobiology
Biology 240 General Zoology Introduction to Neurobiology Nervous System functions: communication of information via nerve signals integration and processing of information control of physiological and
More informationPrimary Functions. Monitor changes. Integrate input. Initiate a response. External / internal. Process, interpret, make decisions, store information
NERVOUS SYSTEM Monitor changes External / internal Integrate input Primary Functions Process, interpret, make decisions, store information Initiate a response E.g., movement, hormone release, stimulate/inhibit
More informationHow Synapses Integrate Information and Change
How Synapses Integrate Information and Change Rachel Stewart class of 2016 http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter06.html http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter07.html Chris Cohan, Ph.D. Dept. of
More informationPart 11: Mechanisms of Learning
Neurophysiology and Information: Theory of Brain Function Christopher Fiorillo BiS 527, Spring 2012 042 350 4326, fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr Part 11: Mechanisms of Learning Reading: Bear, Connors, and Paradiso,
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
More informationBrainstem. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Brainstem Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Change in Lab Sequence Week of Oct 2 Lab 5 Week of Oct 9 Lab 4 2 Goal Today Know the regions of the brainstem. Know
More informationSynaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells mediates consolidation of. vestibulo-cerebellar motor learning
Synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells mediates consolidation of vestibulo-cerebellar motor learning Peer Wulff, Martijn Schonewille, Massimiliano Renzi, Laura Viltono, Marco Sassoè-Pognetto, Aleksandra
More information