Medial View of Cerebellum

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1 Meds 5371 System Neuroscience D. L. Oliver CEREBELLUM Anterior lobe (spinal) Posterior lobe (cerebral) Flocculonodular lobe (vestibular) Medial View of Cerebellum 1

2 Ventral View of Cerebellum Flocculus Vermis Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 4) 2

3 Cerebellar Peduncles Superior Middle Inferior Gross Anatomy of Cerebellum Cerebellar cortex Lateral cortex Paravermis Vermis, spinal Deep nuclei Fastigial Interposed Dentate Nuc Paravermis Folia, like branches of a tree 3

Basic Cerebellar Circuit CEREBELLAR CORTEX

NUCLEI Vestibulo-Cerebellum Inputs / Outputs with

Outputs with reticular formation - reticulospinal

cerebral cortex via pontine nuc and thalamus

4 Basic Cerebellar Circuit CEREBELLAR CORTEX modulates (inhibits) the activity of the DEEP NUCLEI Vestibulo-Cerebellum Inputs / Outputs with vestibular system Spino-Cerebellum Inputs / Outputs with reticular formation - reticulospinal tract Cerebro-Cerebellum Inputs /Outputs with cerebral cortex via pontine nuc and thalamus Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 1) 4

5 Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 2) INPUT Vestibular ganglia AND vestibular nuclei VESTIBULO- CEREBELLUM 5

6 Dorsal spinocerebellar Tract G C CST Dorsal spinocerebellar tract travels in lateral column to the cerebellum. Carries information about muscle stretch and contraction. Figure 19.5 Somatotopic maps of the body surface in the cerebellum 6

7 INPUT: Pontine Nucleus Cerebro-cerebellum Figure 19.6 Functional organization of cerebellar ouputs Summary of Cerebellar Outputs 7

8 Figure 19.8 Functional organization of the major descending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 1) Descending Projections of Cerebellum Figure 19.8 Functional organization of the major descending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 2) 8

Output: Fastigial nucleus projects output to vestibular nucleus Output: Flocculus, nodulus, and vermis project directly to vestibular nucleus Fastigio-bulbar

9 Output: Fastigial nucleus projects output to vestibular nucleus Output: Flocculus, nodulus, and vermis project directly to vestibular nucleus Fastigio-bulbar tract VESTIBULO- CEREBELLUM Spinocerebellum Descending Fastigial Nucleus Fastigio-bulbar tract OUTPUT- to Reticular Formation. Influence the reticulospinal tract. 9

10 Figure 19.7 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 1) Ascending Projections of Cerebellum Figure 19.7 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 2) 10

11 Spinocerebellum Ascending OUTPUT: Interposed Nuclei Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Conjunctivum) Spinocerebellum Ascending 11

12 Spinocerebellum Ascending OUTPUT: Termination in Red Nucleus; Influence the Rubrospinal tract. OUTPUT: Dentate Nucleus Cerebro-cerebellum 12

13 Cerebro-cerebellum VL Target: The VA-VL nuclei of the dorsal thalamus that project to motor cortex. Influences corticospinal tract. Other parts of dentate nucleus go to other thalamic nuclei and influence other parts of frontal lobe. Cerebellar Cortex in Rat 13

14 Cerebellar Cortex Neuron types in cerebellum In situ hybridization for VGAT, GABA transporter Top: A Purkinje B Basket or stellate C Golgi VGAT In situ hybridization for VGLUT1, glutamate transporter Bottom: A Granule B White matter VGLUT1 14

Course Restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) 3.

15 Figure 19.9 A cerebellar Purkinje neuron in a living slice from mouse cerebellum Climbing Fiber input to Purkinje Cell (+) GLU Purkinje Cell (PC) 1. Origin Inferior olive 2. Course Restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) 3. Laterality Crossed 4. Topographical Organization - Yes 5. Destination Purkinje cell of Cerebellar cortex Climbing fibers (CF) 15

16 Parallel Fiber Input to Purkinje Cell Purkinje Cell (PC) (+) GLU Granule Cell (GrC) Parallel Fiber (PF) (+) GLU Mossy Fiber (MF) Golgi Cell GABA (-) Feed-back Basket Cell GABA (-) Feed-forward GABA Interneurons 16

Inputs to cerebellar cortex are climbing

Deep Nuclei project to targets (outside the

17 Inputs to cerebellar cortex are climbing and mossy fibers Purkinje cells from cerebellar cortex inhibit the neurons of deep nuclei. Deep Nuclei project to targets (outside the cerebellum) that control one of four major motor tracts. Basic Circuit of Cerebellum 17

18 Groups of Parallel Fibers Link Groups of Purkinje Cells Only MF & PF Active During Previously Learned Movement (+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+) Parallel Fiber (PF) (+) (-) (+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+) Mossy Fiber (MF) 18

(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+) (+) (+) Parallel fiber fire (PF) Climbing fiber fires (CF) (+)

19 Both CF and MF/PF Systems are Active During a New Movement LTD at Purkinje Cell and climbing Coincident firing of parallel fibers fibers causes LTD at parallel fiber synapse (+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+) (+) (+) Parallel fiber fire (PF) Climbing fiber fires (CF) (+) (-) (-) (+) (+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+)(+) (+) More excitation on targets (+) from deep cerebellar nuclei Mossy Fiber (MF) 19

Cerebellum. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Cerebellum. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Cerebellum Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Anatomy of the Cerebellum The cerebellum has approximately half of all the neurons in the central nervous system. The cerebellum